Green building certification of urban public railway transport systems for sustainable cities

Abstract

The increasing consumption of energy and the greenhouse-gas emissions are challenges in the transport and building sectors. Compared to the other transportation types public railway transport systems are the most energy efficient regarding carbon footprint. Modern urban railway public transport systems have the significant advantages of large passenger capacity, punctuality, safety, going green in the urban environment and reducing carbon footprint, is a scientific consensus. However, the energy demand for railways are increasing in proportion to passenger load, require implementing innovative solutions for optimizing the energy consumption and reducing carbon emission. Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED) is a building rating system used worldwide. The credit categories of the LEED consist of seven different topics from the Energy and Atmosphere to Materials and Resources. In this study, the LEED certification application to railway station and facilities will be discussed mainly energy efficiency criteria. 

Keywords

• Railway buildings,energy efficiency,green building certification,LEED

References

1. [1] V. Lingaitis, G. Sinkevičius, “Passenger transport by railway: evaluation of economic and social phenomenon”, Contemp Issues Business Manage Edu, Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, vol.110, 2014, pp.549–559.
2. [2] A. González-Gil, R. Palacin, P. Batty, “Optimal energy management of urban rail systems: Key performance indicators” Energ Convers Manage, vol.90, 2015, pp.282–291.
3. [3] T. Skrucany, M. Kendra, M. Skorupa, J. Grencik, T. Figlus, “Comparison of chosen environmental aspects in individual road transport and railway passenger transport”, Procedia Eng vol.192, 2017, pp.806–811.
4. [4] L. Steg, R. Gifford, “Sustainable transportation and quality of life”, J Trans Geogr, vol.13, 2005, pp.59–69.
5. [5] D. He, B. Ai, K. Guan, J.M Garc´ıa-Loygorri, L. Tian, Z. Zhong, A. Hrovat, “Influence of Typical Railway Objects in a mmWave Propagation Channel”, IEEE Trans Veh Technol., vol.67, 2018, pp.2880–2892.
6. [6] A. González-Gil, R. Palacin, P. Batty, J.P. Powell, “A systems approach to reduce urban rail energy consumption”, Energ Convers Manage. vol.80, 2014, pp.509–524.
7. [7] A. Iliopoulos, K. Kirytopoulos, E. Dermitzakis, “Deciding to Go Green: Challenges and Benefits of the LEED Green Building Rating System”, 7th International Symposium and 29th National Conference on Operational Research The contribution of Operational Research, new technologies and innovation in agriculture and tourism, Crete, Greece, June, 2018.
8. [8] IEA-UIC, Railway Handbook. Energy Consumption and CO2 emissions focus on passenger rail services, https://uic.org/IMG/pdf/handbook_iea-uic_2017_web3.pdf [accessed 25 March 2019].

9. [9] https://www.canadianconsultingengineer.com/transportation/leed-system-designed-transit/1003404787 [accessed 25 March 2019].
10. [10] D. Pan, L. Zhao, Q. Luo, C. Zhang, Z. Chen, “Study on the Performance Improvement of Urban Rail Transit System”, Energy vol. 161, 2018, pp.1154-1171.
11. [11] LEED in Motion: Transportation,https://readymag.com/usgbc/transportation [accessed 29 April 2019].
12. [12] Apta Standards Development Program, Recommended Practice. Transit Sustainability Guidelines, Framework for Approaching Sustainability, and Overview of Best Practices. American Public Transportation Association, Washington, DC, USA, 2011.
13. [13] USGBC Perspective: Understanding Credit Options in LEED v4 O+M., https://www.facilitiesnet.com/green/article/USGBC-Perspective-Understanding-Credit-Options-in-LEED-v4-OM-Facilities-Management-Green-Feature--17284 [accessed 29 April 2019].
14. [14] Green Business Certification, Inc. and the U.S. Green Building Council, Measure your green performance, https://arcskoru.com [accessed 29 April 2019].
15. [15] International Association of Public Transport (UITP), Shaping the future of our cities and towns: introducing FAIR Stations, http://www.uitp.org/news/fairstations [accessed 27 March 2019].
16. [16] U.S. Green Building Council (USGBC), First LEED Certification for Transit Worldwide Launched, https://www.usgbc.org/articles/first-leed-certification-transit-worldwide-launched [accessed 25 March 2019].
17. [17] http://www.metro-magazine.com/rail/news/724349/sound-transit-station-achieves-leed-gold-certification [accessed 24 March 2019].
18. [18] http://www.delhimetrorail.com [accessed 29 April 2019].
19. [19] https://www.kawneer.com/kawneer/north_america/en/products/project_detail.asp?project=denver_station&bus=north_america&pc=Remodel_Retrofit [accessed 27 March 2019].
20. [20] http://www.metro-magazine.com/sustainability/news/711211/mta-s-fulton-center-receives-leed-silver-certification [accessed 27 March 2019].
21. [21] http://www.metro-magazine.com/sustainability/news/726571/ill-s-metrolink-district-station-earns-leed-gold-certification [accessed 27 March 2019].
22. [22] https://www.gogreenmetro.com/191/Projects-Planning [accessed 25 March 2019].
23. [23] L. He, Q. Liang, S. Fang, “Challenges and Innovative Solutions in Urban Rail Transit Network Operations and Management: China’s Guangzhou Metro Experience”, Urban Rail Transit, 2016, pp.233–45.
24. [24] A. Opeyemi, MD. Cruz, “Green Sustainability Development for Industry Internet of Things in Railway Transportation Industry”, International Conference on Advanced Engineering and Information Technology (ICAEIT), Malaysia, 2017.
25. [25] U.S. Green Building Council (USGBC), What's new in LEED: LEED v4.1.,https://www.usgbc.org/articles/whats-new-leed-leed-v41 [accessed 25 March 2019].
26. [26] American Public Transportation Association, Sustainability & Public Transportation Workshop, San Francisco, CA, 2013. http://www.apta.com/mc/sustainability/previous/2013/presentations/Presentations/Shatzkin-LEED-Silver-for-Light-Rail-Stations.pdf [accessed 24 April 2019].
27. [27] The Metropolitan Transportation Authority, Blue Ribbon Commission on Sustainability Renewable Energy Task Report, http://web.mta.info/sustainability/pdf/MTA%20Renewable%20Energy%20Report%2010%2029%2008.pdf/ [accessed 17 May 2019].
28. [28] http://www.railway-technology.com/features/smart-railway-stations-cities-creating-living-transport-hubs/ [accessed 24 March 2019].
29. [29] S. Rzepnicka, D. Załuski, “Innovative_Railway_Stations”. IOP Conf. Series: Materials Science and Engineering 2017.
30. [30] https://www.smartrailworld.com/9-innovations-that-are-shaping-the-future-of-your-railway-station/ [accessed 27 March 2019].
31. [31] https://newatlas.com/tbox-concept-would-capture-wind-energy-from-speeding-trains/18272/ [accessed 26 March 2019].
32. [32] UIC (Union Internationale des Chemins de fer) report, Study on Non-traction Energy Consumption and Related CO2 emissions from the European Railway Sector, Copenhagen and Berlin. https://uic.org/IMG/pdf/uic_nontraction_energy_study_final_report_june_2012.pdf/ [accessed 20 March 2019].
33. [33] https://www.adb.org/sites/default/files/publication/173696/energy-intelligent-railway-station.pdf / [accessed 26 March 2019].
34. [34] B. Kılıç, S. Tuna, B. Yagcıtekin, S. Özenç, “Energy efficiency analysis of lighting systems at fixed facilities on light metro systems: a case study”. 5th International Ege Energy Symposium and Exhibition (IEESE-5), Turkey, 2010.
35. [35] UIC (Union Internationale des Chemins de fer) report (2016). Technologies and potential developments for energy efficiency and CO2 reductions in rail systems https://uic.org/IMG/pdf/_27_technologies_and_potential_developments_for_energy_efficiency_and_co2_reductions_in_rail_systems._uic_in_colaboration.pdf / [accessed 24 March 2019].
36. [36] P.C. Leung, E.W.M. Lee, “Estimation of electrical power consumption in subway station design by intelligent approach”, Appl Energy, vol.101, 2013, pp.634–643.
37. [37] S. Su, T. Tang, Y. Wang, “Evaluation of strategies to reducing traction energy consumption of metro systems using an optimal train control simulation model”, Energies, vol.9, 2016, pp.105–124.
38. [38] The metro Istanbul annual activity report, http://www.ibb.gov.tr/en-US/Documents/annual_reports/IMM_ANNUAL%20REPORT_2015.pdf/ [accessed 24 April 2019].
39. [39] Istanbul Metropolitan Municipality, www.metroistanbul/ [accessed 27 March 2019].
40. [40] J. Liu, B. Lin, Y. Zhang, Q. Zhu, Y. Zhu, “Case study – how could we optimize the energy-efficient design for an extra-large railway station with a comprehensive simulation? Building Simulation”, 2011-12th Conference of International Building Performance Simulation Association, Sydney, Australia, 2011.
41. [41] K. Fu, Z. Deng, “Current situation of energy consumption in Guangzhou railway station and analysis on the potential of energy conservation”, J Sustain Dev, vol.2, 2009, pp.117–120.
42. [42] Energy efficiency and reliability solutions for rail operations and facilities (2014). A Report; https://www.ctcase.org/reports/railenergy.pdf/ [accessed 29 April 2019].
43. [43] Suzuki T. A Vision of future railway station, http://www.ejrcf.or.jp/jrtr/jrtr06/pdf/f06_suz.pdf / [accessed 29 April 2019].