Conceptual Design of a Smart Parking Lot System for Electric and Hybrid Electric Vehicles

Year 2018, Volume: 6 , 27 - 32, 01.04.2018

Koray Erhan , Murat Ayaz , Yusuf Icer

https://doi.org/10.17694/bajece.410230

Cited By: 3

Abstract

Today, demand to electric and hybrid
electric vehicles (EVs, HEVs) increases day by day due to both environmental
factors and limited fossil fuel resources. With EVs and HEVs becoming
widespread, some basic problems arise. One of the most important of these
problems is that the users who want to charge their vehicles cause to over load
on the power grid. Another problem is that charging stations are not widespread
and charging station installation cost is high. This study deals with the design
of a smart parking lot system that can provide collective charging services for
electric and hybrid electric vehicles. In the proposed smart parking system,
online booking assistance is provided and the location of charging stations is
marked on the navigation so that users of EVs and HEVs can easily access the
charging stations. Also, users via the designed mobile application can follow
up and control booking inquiry, battery charge status, battery sharing
permission and payment services. Another important feature provided by the
proposed parking system is that the problem of excessive and irregular load to
the power grid occurred during charging of vehicles located in the parking lot
solve with the developed energy management algorithm. In the developed energy
management algorithm, in case of the over loading of the power grid, the energy
requirement for charging is provided from other vehicles for which prior
permission for battery sharing has been obtained instead of the power grid.
Thus, overloading of the power grid is prevented and, also drivers who give
permission for battery sharing can derive a profit.

Keywords

Electric vehicle, plug-in hybrid electric vehicle, charge station, smart parking lot system, energy management

References

• [1] T.Appenzeller, End of cheap oil, National Geographic Online Magazine, 2004, Available: http://ngm.nationalgeographic. com/ngm/0406/feature5/, 01.03.2018.
• [2] Y. Gürbüz, A. A. Kulaksız, “Elektrikli araçlar ile klasik içten yanmalı motorlu araçların çeşitli yönlerden karşılaştırılması”, Gümüşhane Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi, Vol.6, No.2, 2016, pp.117-125.
• [3] N. Andrenacci, R. Ragona, G. Valenti, “A demand-side approach to the optimal deployment of electric vehicle charging stations in metropolitan areas”, Applied Energy, Vol.182, No.1, 2016, pp.39-46.
• [4] https://spectrum.ieee.org/energywise/green-tech/fuel-cells/storedot-wants-to-charge-your-ev-in-5-minutes, Available: 3.06.2015.
• [5] S. Deilami, A. S. Masoum, P. S. Moses, M. A. S. Masoum, “Real-Time Coordination of Plug-In Electric Vehicle Charging in Smart Grids to Minimize Power Losses and Improve Voltage Profile”, IEEE Transaction on smart grid, Vol.2, No.3, 2011, pp.456-467.
• [6] T. Kupka, M. Patt, “Hybrid Photovoltaic Inverter for Smart Grids”, Balkan journal of electrical & computer engineering, Vol.2, No.1, 2014, pp.20-22.
• [7] A. Keskin, Hibrit Taşıt Teknolojileri ve Uygulamaları, Mühendis ve Makine, 2009, pp. 12-20.
• [8] C. C. Chan, “The state of the art of electric, hybrid and fuel cell vehicles”, Proceedings of the IEEE, Vol.95, No.4, pp.704-718.
• [9] TEPCO (2010-03-15). "General Outline of CHAdeMOAssociation".
• [10] Volker Lazzaro (2010-02-14). "The interface between the electric vehicle and infrastructure"p13.
• [11] SAE Electric Vehicle Conductive Charge Coupler, SEAJ1772, Rev.Month01.
• [12] N. H. Kutkut, D. M. Divan, D. W. Novotny, “Design considerations and topology selection for a 120-kW IGBT converter for EV fast charging”, IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, 1998, Vol.13, No.1, pp.169-178.
• [13] I. A. Khan, “Battery chargers for electric and hybrid vehicles”, Power Electronics in Transportation, 1994, proceedings, pp.103-112.
• [14] S. Dhameja, Electric Vehicle Battery Systems, Newnes Press, 2002, p.4-30.
• [15] S. Yardım, “Bölgesel otopark yönetimi”, 1. Kentiçi ulaşımda otopark politikaları ve uygulamaları konferansı, 2009, pp.90-107.
• [16] T. Litman, Parking management best practices, American planning association, Victoria Transport Policy Institute, 2006.
• [17] http://www.enerjiatlasi.com/elektrik-tuketimi/, available: 01.03.2018.