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Design and analysis of L and LCL filters for grid-connected HNPC inverters used in renewable energy systems

Year 2024, Volume: 12 Issue: 1, 53 - 61, 01.03.2024
https://doi.org/10.17694/bajece.1324513

Abstract

With the widespread integration of renewable energy systems (RES) into the electric grid, maintaining power quality within specified limits has become a major focus. The total harmonic distortion (THD) value of the currents transferred to the grid and directly affecting power quality in (RES) such as grid-connected photovoltaic (PV) and fuel cells (FC) should not exceed 5%. To achieve this objective, various filter topologies are used to interface between the inverters, which are components of PV and FC systems, and the grid.Although there are numerous filter topologies, L and LCL-type passive filters are the most commonly used topologies in grid-connected systems. This study analyzes the L and LCL-type filter topologies for the H-bridge neutral point clamped (HNPC) inverter. The study’s modeling was carried out in the MATLAB/Simulink®. By comparing the simulation results, L and LCL filters’ harmonic attenuation capabilities, maximum power transferred to the grid, and effects on grid current have all been investigated.

References

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  • [3] I. R. E. Agency, Future of Solar Photovoltaic: Deployment, investment, technology, grid integration and socio-economic aspects (A Global Energy Transformation: paper), 2019.
  • [4] H. Noh, K. Kang, and Y. Seo, “Environmental and energy efficiency assessments of offshore hydrogen supply chains utilizing compressed gaseous hydrogen, liquefied hydrogen, liquid organic hydrogen carriers and ammonia,” International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, vol. 48, no. 20, pp. 7515–7532, 2023.
  • [5] M. H. Mohamed Hariri, M. K. Mat Desa, S. Masri, and M. A. A. Mohd Zainuri, “Grid-connected pv generation system—components and challenges: A review,” Energies, vol. 13, no. 17, 2020.
  • [6] I. Sefa and N. Altin, “Grid interactive photovoltaic inverters-a review,” Journal of the Faculty of Engineering and Architecture of Gazi University, vol. 24, no. 3, 2009.
  • [7] S. Kouro, J. I. Leon, D. Vinnikov, and L. G. Franquelo, “Grid-connected photovoltaic systems: An overview of recent research and emerging pv converter technology,” IEEE Industrial Electronics Magazine, vol. 9, no. 1, pp. 47–61, 2015.
  • [8] M. I˙nci and O¨ mer Tu¨rksoy, “Review of fuel cells to grid interface: Configurations, technical challenges and trends,” Journal of Cleaner Production, vol. 213, pp. 1353–1370, 2019.
  • [9] M. Obi and R. Bass, “Trends and challenges of grid-connected photovoltaic systems – a review,” Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, vol. 58, pp. 1082–1094, 2016.
  • [10] N. Rasekh and M. Hosseinpour, “Lcl filter design and robust converter side current feedback control for grid-connected proton exchange membrane fuel cell system,” International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, vol. 45, no. 23, pp. 13 055–13 067, 2020.
  • [11] T. Duman, S. Marti, M. A. Moonem, A. A. R. Abdul Kader, and H. Krishnaswami, “A modular multilevel converter with power mismatch control for grid-connected photovoltaic systems,” Energies, vol. 10, no. 5, 2017.
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  • [13] X. Ruan, X. Wang, D. Pan, D. Yang, W. Li, and C. Bao, Control techniques for LCL-type grid-connected inverters. Springer, 2018.
  • [14] C. Gurrola-Corral, J. Segundo, M. Esparza, and R. Cruz, “Optimal lcl-filter design method for grid-connected renewable energy sources,” International Journal of Electrical Power Energy Systems, vol. 120, p. 105998, 2020.
  • [15] M. Liserre, F. Blaabjerg, and S. Hansen, “Design and control of an lclfilter- based three-phase active rectifier,” IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications, vol. 41, no. 5, pp. 1281–1291, 2005.
  • [16] Y. Kim, H. Cha, B.-M. Song, and K. Y. Lee, “Design and control of a grid-connected three-phase 3-level npc inverter for building integrated photovoltaic systems,” in 2012 IEEE PES Innovative Smart Grid Technologies (ISGT), 2012, pp. 1–7.
  • [17] S. V. Araujo, A. Engler, B. Sahan, and F. L. M. Antunes, “Lcl filter design for grid-connected npc inverters in offshore wind turbines,” in 2007 7th Internatonal Conference on Power Electronics, 2007, pp. 1133–1138.
  • [18] F. Sebaaly, H. Vahedi, H. Y. Kanaan, N. Moubayed, and K. Al- Haddad, “Sliding mode fixed frequency current controller design for grid-connected npc inverter,” IEEE Journal of Emerging and Selected Topics in Power Electronics, vol. 4, no. 4, pp. 1397–1405, 2016.
  • [19] H. Komurcugil, S. Ozdemir, I. Sefa, N. Altin, and O. Kukrer, “Slidingmode control for single-phase grid-connected LCL-filtered vsi with double-band hysteresis scheme,” IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, vol. 63, no. 2, pp. 864–873, 2016.
  • [20] S. Ozdemir, N. Altin, H. Komurcugil, and I. Sefa, “Sliding mode control of three-phase three-level two-leg npc inverter with lcl filter for distributed generation systems,” in IECON 2018 - 44th Annual Conference of the IEEE Industrial Electronics Society, 2018, pp. 3895– 3900.
  • [21] A. Reznik, M. G. Sim˜oes, A. Al-Durra, and S. M. Muyeen, “lcl filter design and performance analysis for grid-interconnected systems,” IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications, vol. 50, no. 2, pp. 1225–1232, 2014.
  • [22] Y. Jia, J. Zhao, and X. Fu, “Direct grid current control of lcl-filtered gridconnected inverter mitigating grid voltage disturbance,” IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, vol. 29, no. 3, pp. 1532–1541, 2014.
  • [23] N. Altin, S. Ozdemir, H. Komurcugil, and I. Sefa, “Sliding-mode control in natural frame with reduced number of sensors for three-phase grid-tied lcl-interfaced inverters,” IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, vol. 66, no. 4, pp. 2903–2913, 2019.
  • [24] Y. Yang and F. Blaabjerg, “Overview of single-phase grid-connected photovoltaic systems,” in Renewable Energy Devices and Systems with Simulations in MATLAB® and ANSYS®. CRC Press, 2017, pp. 41–66.
  • [25] T. Duman and M. Cengiz, “Comparative analysis of thd performances of different carrier based pwm techniques for single phase 5-level npc multilevel inverter.” in International Conference on Innovative Academic Studies (ICIAS 2022), 2022, pp. 937–944.
  • [26] S. Bayhan and H. Komurcugil, “A sliding-mode controlled single-phase grid-connected quasi-z-source npc inverter with double-line frequency ripple suppression,” IEEE Access, vol. 7, pp. 160 004–160 016, 2019.
  • [27] H. Komurcugil, S. Biricik, S. Bayhan, and Z. Zhang, “Sliding mode control: Overview of its applications in power converters,” IEEE Industrial Electronics Magazine, vol. 15, no. 1, pp. 40–49, 2021.
  • [28] F. Bagheri, H. Komurcugil, O. Kukrer, N. Guler, and S. Bayhan, “Multiinput multi-output-based sliding-mode controller for single-phase quasiz- source inverters,” IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, vol. 67, no. 8, pp. 6439–6449, 2020.
  • [29] R. W. Erickson and D. Maksimovic, Fundamentals of power electronics. Springer Science Business Media, 2007.
  • [30] P. Gakhar and M. Gupta, “Harmonic mitigation in a transformer less grid connected solar pv system using modified lcl filter,” in 2018 3rd International Conference and Workshops on Recent Advances and Innovations in Engineering (ICRAIE), 2018, pp. 1–4.
  • [31] A. Karafil, “Tek fazlı S¸ebeke ba˘glantılı eviricilerde l, lcl ve llcl tipi filtre tasarımı[design of l, lcl and llcl type filter for single phase grid connected inverters],” Karadeniz Fen Bilimleri Dergisi, vol. 12, no. 1, pp. 448 – 460, 2022.
  • [32] K. A. El Wahid Hamza, H. Linda, and L. Cherif, “Lcl filter design with passive damping for photovoltaic grid connected systems,” in IREC2015 The Sixth International Renewable Energy Congress, 2015, pp. 1–4.
Year 2024, Volume: 12 Issue: 1, 53 - 61, 01.03.2024
https://doi.org/10.17694/bajece.1324513

Abstract

References

  • [1] I. E. Agency, World Energy Outlook 2022, 2022.
  • [2] F. Blaabjerg, D. M. Ionel, Y. Yang, and H. Wang, “Renewable energy systems: Technology overview and perspectives,” Renewable Energy Devices and Systems with Simulations in MATLAB® and ANSYS®, pp. 1–16, 2017.
  • [3] I. R. E. Agency, Future of Solar Photovoltaic: Deployment, investment, technology, grid integration and socio-economic aspects (A Global Energy Transformation: paper), 2019.
  • [4] H. Noh, K. Kang, and Y. Seo, “Environmental and energy efficiency assessments of offshore hydrogen supply chains utilizing compressed gaseous hydrogen, liquefied hydrogen, liquid organic hydrogen carriers and ammonia,” International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, vol. 48, no. 20, pp. 7515–7532, 2023.
  • [5] M. H. Mohamed Hariri, M. K. Mat Desa, S. Masri, and M. A. A. Mohd Zainuri, “Grid-connected pv generation system—components and challenges: A review,” Energies, vol. 13, no. 17, 2020.
  • [6] I. Sefa and N. Altin, “Grid interactive photovoltaic inverters-a review,” Journal of the Faculty of Engineering and Architecture of Gazi University, vol. 24, no. 3, 2009.
  • [7] S. Kouro, J. I. Leon, D. Vinnikov, and L. G. Franquelo, “Grid-connected photovoltaic systems: An overview of recent research and emerging pv converter technology,” IEEE Industrial Electronics Magazine, vol. 9, no. 1, pp. 47–61, 2015.
  • [8] M. I˙nci and O¨ mer Tu¨rksoy, “Review of fuel cells to grid interface: Configurations, technical challenges and trends,” Journal of Cleaner Production, vol. 213, pp. 1353–1370, 2019.
  • [9] M. Obi and R. Bass, “Trends and challenges of grid-connected photovoltaic systems – a review,” Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, vol. 58, pp. 1082–1094, 2016.
  • [10] N. Rasekh and M. Hosseinpour, “Lcl filter design and robust converter side current feedback control for grid-connected proton exchange membrane fuel cell system,” International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, vol. 45, no. 23, pp. 13 055–13 067, 2020.
  • [11] T. Duman, S. Marti, M. A. Moonem, A. A. R. Abdul Kader, and H. Krishnaswami, “A modular multilevel converter with power mismatch control for grid-connected photovoltaic systems,” Energies, vol. 10, no. 5, 2017.
  • [12] E. Kabalcı, “Review on novel single-phase grid-connected solar inverters: Circuits and control methods,” Solar Energy, vol. 198, pp. 247–274, 2020.
  • [13] X. Ruan, X. Wang, D. Pan, D. Yang, W. Li, and C. Bao, Control techniques for LCL-type grid-connected inverters. Springer, 2018.
  • [14] C. Gurrola-Corral, J. Segundo, M. Esparza, and R. Cruz, “Optimal lcl-filter design method for grid-connected renewable energy sources,” International Journal of Electrical Power Energy Systems, vol. 120, p. 105998, 2020.
  • [15] M. Liserre, F. Blaabjerg, and S. Hansen, “Design and control of an lclfilter- based three-phase active rectifier,” IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications, vol. 41, no. 5, pp. 1281–1291, 2005.
  • [16] Y. Kim, H. Cha, B.-M. Song, and K. Y. Lee, “Design and control of a grid-connected three-phase 3-level npc inverter for building integrated photovoltaic systems,” in 2012 IEEE PES Innovative Smart Grid Technologies (ISGT), 2012, pp. 1–7.
  • [17] S. V. Araujo, A. Engler, B. Sahan, and F. L. M. Antunes, “Lcl filter design for grid-connected npc inverters in offshore wind turbines,” in 2007 7th Internatonal Conference on Power Electronics, 2007, pp. 1133–1138.
  • [18] F. Sebaaly, H. Vahedi, H. Y. Kanaan, N. Moubayed, and K. Al- Haddad, “Sliding mode fixed frequency current controller design for grid-connected npc inverter,” IEEE Journal of Emerging and Selected Topics in Power Electronics, vol. 4, no. 4, pp. 1397–1405, 2016.
  • [19] H. Komurcugil, S. Ozdemir, I. Sefa, N. Altin, and O. Kukrer, “Slidingmode control for single-phase grid-connected LCL-filtered vsi with double-band hysteresis scheme,” IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, vol. 63, no. 2, pp. 864–873, 2016.
  • [20] S. Ozdemir, N. Altin, H. Komurcugil, and I. Sefa, “Sliding mode control of three-phase three-level two-leg npc inverter with lcl filter for distributed generation systems,” in IECON 2018 - 44th Annual Conference of the IEEE Industrial Electronics Society, 2018, pp. 3895– 3900.
  • [21] A. Reznik, M. G. Sim˜oes, A. Al-Durra, and S. M. Muyeen, “lcl filter design and performance analysis for grid-interconnected systems,” IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications, vol. 50, no. 2, pp. 1225–1232, 2014.
  • [22] Y. Jia, J. Zhao, and X. Fu, “Direct grid current control of lcl-filtered gridconnected inverter mitigating grid voltage disturbance,” IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, vol. 29, no. 3, pp. 1532–1541, 2014.
  • [23] N. Altin, S. Ozdemir, H. Komurcugil, and I. Sefa, “Sliding-mode control in natural frame with reduced number of sensors for three-phase grid-tied lcl-interfaced inverters,” IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, vol. 66, no. 4, pp. 2903–2913, 2019.
  • [24] Y. Yang and F. Blaabjerg, “Overview of single-phase grid-connected photovoltaic systems,” in Renewable Energy Devices and Systems with Simulations in MATLAB® and ANSYS®. CRC Press, 2017, pp. 41–66.
  • [25] T. Duman and M. Cengiz, “Comparative analysis of thd performances of different carrier based pwm techniques for single phase 5-level npc multilevel inverter.” in International Conference on Innovative Academic Studies (ICIAS 2022), 2022, pp. 937–944.
  • [26] S. Bayhan and H. Komurcugil, “A sliding-mode controlled single-phase grid-connected quasi-z-source npc inverter with double-line frequency ripple suppression,” IEEE Access, vol. 7, pp. 160 004–160 016, 2019.
  • [27] H. Komurcugil, S. Biricik, S. Bayhan, and Z. Zhang, “Sliding mode control: Overview of its applications in power converters,” IEEE Industrial Electronics Magazine, vol. 15, no. 1, pp. 40–49, 2021.
  • [28] F. Bagheri, H. Komurcugil, O. Kukrer, N. Guler, and S. Bayhan, “Multiinput multi-output-based sliding-mode controller for single-phase quasiz- source inverters,” IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, vol. 67, no. 8, pp. 6439–6449, 2020.
  • [29] R. W. Erickson and D. Maksimovic, Fundamentals of power electronics. Springer Science Business Media, 2007.
  • [30] P. Gakhar and M. Gupta, “Harmonic mitigation in a transformer less grid connected solar pv system using modified lcl filter,” in 2018 3rd International Conference and Workshops on Recent Advances and Innovations in Engineering (ICRAIE), 2018, pp. 1–4.
  • [31] A. Karafil, “Tek fazlı S¸ebeke ba˘glantılı eviricilerde l, lcl ve llcl tipi filtre tasarımı[design of l, lcl and llcl type filter for single phase grid connected inverters],” Karadeniz Fen Bilimleri Dergisi, vol. 12, no. 1, pp. 448 – 460, 2022.
  • [32] K. A. El Wahid Hamza, H. Linda, and L. Cherif, “Lcl filter design with passive damping for photovoltaic grid connected systems,” in IREC2015 The Sixth International Renewable Energy Congress, 2015, pp. 1–4.
There are 32 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Electrical Engineering (Other)
Journal Section Araştırma Articlessi
Authors

Muhammet Cengiz 0000-0002-9616-5031

Turgay Duman 0000-0002-9132-9885

Publication Date March 1, 2024
Published in Issue Year 2024 Volume: 12 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Cengiz, M., & Duman, T. (2024). Design and analysis of L and LCL filters for grid-connected HNPC inverters used in renewable energy systems. Balkan Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering, 12(1), 53-61. https://doi.org/10.17694/bajece.1324513

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