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Design and Optimization of Oxide Material-Based Single-Mode Rib Waveguides for Photonic Integrated Circuits

Year 2025, Volume: 13 Issue: 3, 279 - 285
https://doi.org/10.17694/bajece.1733035

Abstract

The primary objective of this study is to design single-mode rib waveguide structures using oxide-based materials. To achieve this goal, the waveguide dimensions including width and height were optimized to ensure reliable single-mode operation. Optimization was performed using the particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm. The effective refractive index (n_eff), a critical parameter for waveguide design, was calculated and evaluated to confirm suitability for single-mode propagation. Additionally, the influence of various oxide materials commonly used in passive photonic components, including integrated optical waveguides, was comparatively analyzed.
Simulation results provided a comparison of effective refractive indices for rib waveguides fabricated from different oxide materials. Optimal geometric parameters ensuring minimal propagation losses and maximum mode purity were identified through these simulations. Overall, this work offers a comprehensive optimization strategy for oxide-based rib waveguides, contributing valuable insights toward enhancing the performance of integrated photonic devices.

References

  • [1] S. P. Pogossian, L. Vescan, and A. Vonsovici, “The single-mode condition for semiconductor rib waveguides with large cross section,” J. Light. Technol., vol. 16, no. 10, pp. 1851–1853, 1998, doi: 10.1109/50.721072.
  • [2] X. Colin Tong, Advanced Materials for Integrated Optical Waveguides, vol. 46. [Online]. Available: http://www.springer.com/series/4076
  • [3] R. Soref, “The past, present, and future of silicon photonics,” IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron., vol. 12, no. 6, pp. 1678–1687, Nov. 2006, doi: 10.1109/JSTQE.2006.883151.
  • [4] A. Özden, M. Demirtaş, and F. Ay, “Polarization insensitive single mode Al2O3 rib waveguide design for applications in active and passive optical waveguides,” J. Eur. Opt. Soc., vol. 10, Jan. 2015, doi: 10.2971/jeos.2015.15005.
  • [5] M. Demirtas, C. Odaci, N. K. Perkgoz, C. Sevik, and F. Ay, “Low Loss Atomic Layer Deposited Al2O3 Waveguides for Applications in On-Chip Optical Amplifiers,” IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron., vol. 24, no. 4, Jul. 2018, doi: 10.1109/JSTQE.2018.2825880.
  • [6] M. Demirtas and F. Ay, “High-Gain Er3+:Al2O3On-Chip Waveguide Amplifiers,” IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron., vol. 26, no. 5, Sep. 2020, doi: 10.1109/JSTQE.2020.3002656.
  • [7] O. Jaramillo, V. Natarajan, H. M. Rivy, J. Tensuan, L. Massai, and K. K. Mehta, “HfO 2-based platform for high-index-contrast visible and UV integrated photonics,” 2025, doi: 10.1364/OL.553552.
  • [8] C. C. Evans, C. Liu, and J. Suntivich, “Low-loss titanium dioxide waveguides and resonators using a dielectric lift-off fabrication process,” Opt. Express, vol. 23, no. 9, p. 11160, May 2015, doi: 10.1364/oe.23.011160.
  • [9] Y. Zhou, L. Feng, and J. Sun, “Large single-mode rib waveguide in lithium niobate on insulator,” in 6th International Symposium on Advanced Optical Manufacturing and Testing Technologies: Optoelectronic Materials and Devices for Sensing, Imaging, and Solar Energy, Y. Jiang, J. Yu, and Z. Wang, Eds., SPIE, 2012, p. 84190Y. doi: 10.1117/12.975644.
  • [10] D. Wang, D. Tan, and L. Liu, “Particle swarm optimization algorithm: an overview,” Soft Comput., vol. 22, no. 2, pp. 387–408, 2018, doi: 10.1007/s00500-016-2474-6.
  • [11] J. Kennedy and R. Eberhart, “Particle swarm optimization,” in Proceedings of ICNN’95 - International Conference on Neural Networks, 1995, pp. 1942–1948 vol.4. doi: 10.1109/ICNN.1995.488968.
  • [12] A. W. Snyder and J. D. Love, Optical waveguide theory, vol. 175. Chapman and hall London, 1983.
  • [13] J. Kennedy and R. Eberhart, “Particle Swarm Optimization,” Ind. Electron. Handb. - Five Vol. Set, pp. 1942–1948, 1995, doi: 10.1007/978-3-319-46173-1_2.

Fotonik Entegre Devreler İçin Oksit Tabanlı Tek Modlu Rib Dalga Kılavuzlarının Tasarımı ve Optimizasyonu

Year 2025, Volume: 13 Issue: 3, 279 - 285
https://doi.org/10.17694/bajece.1733035

Abstract

Bu çalışmanın temel amacı, oksit tabanlı malzemeler kullanarak tek modlu rib dalga kılavuzu yapıları tasarlamaktır. Bu hedefe ulaşmak için, dalga kılavuzunun genişlik ve yükseklik gibi boyutları, güvenilir bir tek modlu çalışma sağlamak amacıyla optimize edilmiştir. Optimizasyon işlemi, Parçacık Sürü Optimizasyonu (PSO) algoritması kullanılarak gerçekleştirilmiştir. Dalga kılavuzu tasarımı için kritik bir parametre olan efektif kırılma indisi (n_eff) hesaplanmış ve tek modlu yayılım koşullarına uygunluğu değerlendirilmiştir.
Ayrıca, entegre optik dalga kılavuzları gibi pasif fotonik bileşenlerde yaygın olarak kullanılan çeşitli oksit malzemelerin etkileri karşılaştırmalı olarak analiz edilmiştir. Simülasyon sonuçları, farklı oksit malzemelerle oluşturulan rib dalga kılavuzlarının efektif kırılma indislerini karşılaştırmalı biçimde sunmuştur. Yayılım kayıplarını en aza indiren ve mod saflığını maksimize eden optimal geometrik parametreler, bu simülasyonlar aracılığıyla belirlenmiştir. Genel olarak, bu çalışma, oksit tabanlı rib dalga kılavuzları için kapsamlı bir optimizasyon stratejisi sunmakta ve entegre fotonik aygıtların performansını artırmaya yönelik değerli katkılar sağlamaktadır.

References

  • [1] S. P. Pogossian, L. Vescan, and A. Vonsovici, “The single-mode condition for semiconductor rib waveguides with large cross section,” J. Light. Technol., vol. 16, no. 10, pp. 1851–1853, 1998, doi: 10.1109/50.721072.
  • [2] X. Colin Tong, Advanced Materials for Integrated Optical Waveguides, vol. 46. [Online]. Available: http://www.springer.com/series/4076
  • [3] R. Soref, “The past, present, and future of silicon photonics,” IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron., vol. 12, no. 6, pp. 1678–1687, Nov. 2006, doi: 10.1109/JSTQE.2006.883151.
  • [4] A. Özden, M. Demirtaş, and F. Ay, “Polarization insensitive single mode Al2O3 rib waveguide design for applications in active and passive optical waveguides,” J. Eur. Opt. Soc., vol. 10, Jan. 2015, doi: 10.2971/jeos.2015.15005.
  • [5] M. Demirtas, C. Odaci, N. K. Perkgoz, C. Sevik, and F. Ay, “Low Loss Atomic Layer Deposited Al2O3 Waveguides for Applications in On-Chip Optical Amplifiers,” IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron., vol. 24, no. 4, Jul. 2018, doi: 10.1109/JSTQE.2018.2825880.
  • [6] M. Demirtas and F. Ay, “High-Gain Er3+:Al2O3On-Chip Waveguide Amplifiers,” IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron., vol. 26, no. 5, Sep. 2020, doi: 10.1109/JSTQE.2020.3002656.
  • [7] O. Jaramillo, V. Natarajan, H. M. Rivy, J. Tensuan, L. Massai, and K. K. Mehta, “HfO 2-based platform for high-index-contrast visible and UV integrated photonics,” 2025, doi: 10.1364/OL.553552.
  • [8] C. C. Evans, C. Liu, and J. Suntivich, “Low-loss titanium dioxide waveguides and resonators using a dielectric lift-off fabrication process,” Opt. Express, vol. 23, no. 9, p. 11160, May 2015, doi: 10.1364/oe.23.011160.
  • [9] Y. Zhou, L. Feng, and J. Sun, “Large single-mode rib waveguide in lithium niobate on insulator,” in 6th International Symposium on Advanced Optical Manufacturing and Testing Technologies: Optoelectronic Materials and Devices for Sensing, Imaging, and Solar Energy, Y. Jiang, J. Yu, and Z. Wang, Eds., SPIE, 2012, p. 84190Y. doi: 10.1117/12.975644.
  • [10] D. Wang, D. Tan, and L. Liu, “Particle swarm optimization algorithm: an overview,” Soft Comput., vol. 22, no. 2, pp. 387–408, 2018, doi: 10.1007/s00500-016-2474-6.
  • [11] J. Kennedy and R. Eberhart, “Particle swarm optimization,” in Proceedings of ICNN’95 - International Conference on Neural Networks, 1995, pp. 1942–1948 vol.4. doi: 10.1109/ICNN.1995.488968.
  • [12] A. W. Snyder and J. D. Love, Optical waveguide theory, vol. 175. Chapman and hall London, 1983.
  • [13] J. Kennedy and R. Eberhart, “Particle Swarm Optimization,” Ind. Electron. Handb. - Five Vol. Set, pp. 1942–1948, 1995, doi: 10.1007/978-3-319-46173-1_2.
There are 13 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Electrical Engineering (Other)
Journal Section Araştırma Articlessi
Authors

Huriye Gencal 0000-0002-6460-1177

Mustafa Demirtaş 0000-0001-6832-4341

Umut Aydemir 0000-0001-5396-4610

Early Pub Date October 8, 2025
Publication Date October 14, 2025
Submission Date July 2, 2025
Acceptance Date August 18, 2025
Published in Issue Year 2025 Volume: 13 Issue: 3

Cite

APA Gencal, H., Demirtaş, M., & Aydemir, U. (2025). Design and Optimization of Oxide Material-Based Single-Mode Rib Waveguides for Photonic Integrated Circuits. Balkan Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering, 13(3), 279-285. https://doi.org/10.17694/bajece.1733035

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