Meme Kanseri Tanısı Alan Kadınlarda Damgalanmanın Psikolojik İyi Oluş Üzerine Etkisi ve Hemşirelik Bakımı

Abstract

Meme kanseri, dünya genelinde ve Türkiye’de kadınlar arasında en sık görülen kanser türlerinden biri olmasının yanı sıra, beden algısı, kadınlık kimliği ve toplumsal rollerle yakından ilişkili olması nedeniyle önemli bir psikososyal yük oluşturmaktadır. Bu derleme çalışmasının amacı, meme kanseri tanısı alan kadınlarda damgalanmanın psikolojik iyi oluş üzerindeki etkilerini ve bu süreçte hemşirelik bakımının rolünü değerlendirmektir. Literatür meme kanserinin tedavi sürecinde cerrahi girişimler ve kemoterapiye bağlı görünür bedensel değişimlerin damgalanma deneyimini artırabildiğini; damgalanmanın sosyal geri çekilme, benlik saygısında azalma, anksiyete ve depresif belirtilerle ilişkili olduğunu göstermektedir. Damgalanma sıklıkla deneyimlenen, algılanan ve içselleştirilmiş damgalanma olmak üzere üç temel düzeyde ele alınmaktadır. Özellikle içselleştirilmiş damgalanmanın, umut, yaşam doyumu, duygusal denge ve baş etme kapasitesi gibi psikolojik iyi oluş bileşenlerini zayıflatan önemli bir risk etmeni olduğu vurgulanmaktadır. Bu bağlamda hemşirelik bakımı; damgalanmanın erken dönemde tanılanması, psikososyal gereksinimlerin belirlenmesi ve bütüncül, kanıta dayalı girişimlerin planlanması açısından kritik öneme sahiptir. Damgalanmanın azaltılması ve psikolojik iyi oluşun güçlendirilmesi amacıyla terapötik iletişim, danışmanlık, psikoeğitim ve sosyal destek odaklı hemşirelik yaklaşımları önerilmektedir.

Keywords

• damgalanma
• hemşirelik bakımı
• meme kanseri
• psikolojik iyi oluş
• psikososyal bakım

Supporting Institution

Ondokuz Mayıs Üniversitesi

Project Number

1

Ethical Statement

Derginize yüklemiş olduğumuz çalışma bir derleme makalesi olup ilk kez değerlendirilmek üzere sisteminize sunulmaktadır. Makale daha önce herhangi bir dergide yayımlanmamış, değerlendirme sürecine alınmamış ve eş zamanlı olarak başka bir dergiye gönderilmemiştir. Çalışma hazırlanırken bilimsel araştırma ve yayın etiği ilkelerine uygun hareket edilmiştir. Makalede yararlanılan tüm kaynaklara akademik kurallara uygun biçimde atıf yapılmış, intihalden kaçınılmış ve etik ihlale neden olabilecek herhangi bir uygulamaya yer verilmemiştir. Derleme sürecinde kullanılan bilgiler güncel ve güvenilir bilimsel kaynaklardan elde edilmiş olup çalışma objektif ve akademik bir çerçevede hazırlanmıştır.

The Effect of Stigma on Psychological Well-Being in Women Diagnosed with Breast Cancer and Nursing Care

Abstract

Breast cancer is one of the most common types of cancer among women worldwide and in Türkiye. In addition to its high prevalence, it constitutes a significant psychosocial burden due to its close association with body image, femininity, and social roles. The aim of this review is to evaluate the effects of stigma on psychological well-being in women diagnosed with breast cancer and to examine the role of nursing care in this process. The literature indicates that visible bodily changes resulting from surgical interventions and chemotherapy during breast cancer treatment may increase experiences of stigma. Stigma is associated with social withdrawal, decreased self-esteem, anxiety, and depressive symptoms. It is generally addressed at three levels: experienced stigma, perceived stigma, and internalized stigma. In particular, internalized stigma is emphasized as an important risk factor that may weaken key components of psychological well-being such as hope, life satisfaction, emotional balance, and coping capacity. In this context, nursing care plays a critical role in the early identification of stigma, the assessment of psychosocial needs, and the planning of holistic and evidence-based interventions. Therapeutic communication, counseling, psychoeducation, and social support–oriented nursing approaches are recommended to reduce stigma and enhance psychological well-being.

Keywords

• stigma
• nursing care
• breast cancer
• psychological well-being
• psychosocial care.

Supporting Institution

Ondokuz Mayis University

Project Number

1

Ethical Statement

The study submitted to your journal is a review article and is being submitted to your system for evaluation for the first time. The manuscript has not been previously published, has not been submitted for review elsewhere, and is not under consideration by any other journal simultaneously. The study was prepared in accordance with the principles of scientific research and publication ethics. All sources used in the manuscript have been appropriately cited in line with academic standards, plagiarism has been avoided, and no practice that could constitute an ethical violation has been included. The information used throughout the review process was obtained from current and reliable scientific sources, and the study was prepared within an objective and academic framework.

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