Review
BibTex RIS Cite

Examining Current Findings on the Clinical Effectiveness of Semi-Occluded Vocal Tract Exercises in Individuals with Dysphonia

Year 2025, Volume: 4 Issue: 2, 78 - 84, 10.11.2025
https://doi.org/10.61830/balkansbd.1774502

Abstract

Objective: This review evaluates the therapeutic effects of semi-occluded vocal tract exercises (SOVTE) in individuals with dysphonia based on scientific research published between 2015 and 2025. This review examines lip trill exercises, straw phonation, tube phonation into water, Lax Vox technique, and their combined applications, which are frequently used in the treatment of dysphonia. Method: Most of the included studies had a randomized controlled experimental design. Therapeutic interventions were conducted as short-term or structured long-term protocols. Objective measurements such as Jitter, Shimmer, and Harmonic-to-Noise Ratio (HNR), as well as subjective assessment tools such as the Voice Handicap Index (VHI), Voice-Related Quality of Life Scale (VQL), and GRBAS were used in the assessments. Findings: Lip trill exercises appear to lower the phonation threshold and provide rapid improvement in voice quality in hyperfunctional dysphonia. Straw phonation increases the physiological efficiency of voice production by reducing pressure on the vocal folds and is effective in both short- and long-term applications. Tube phonation into water exercises increase resonance, reduce subglottic pressure, and improve VHI scores. Lax Vox technique increases glottal closure, offers positive contributions to voice quality in disorders such as spasmodic dysphonia and vocal sulcus, and provides benefits such as a rapid increase in fundamental frequency. Positive changes were observed in both acoustic and subjective assessment criteria with combined applications of SOVTEs Conclusion: SOVTEs offer multifaceted benefits in individuals with dysphonia, such as improving vocal fold closure patterns, reducing phonation threshold pressure and subglottic pressure, increasing resonance, and improving voice-related quality of life. Applying these methods with individualized and structured protocols enhances therapeutic efficacy. Furthermore, the limited number of randomized controlled trials supporting the effectiveness of some methods highlights the need for methodological research in this area.

References

  • 1. Ramig LO, Verdolini K. Treatment efficacy: Voice disorders. J Speech Lang Hear Res. 1998;41(1):S101–S116. https://doi.org/10.1044/jslhr.4101.s101
  • 2. Scott S, Robinson K, Wilson J. Voice problems in teachers: Prevalence and risk factors. Br J Educ Psychol. 1997;67(4):561–570. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2044-8279.1997.tb01263.x
  • 3. Huston MN, Puka I, Naunheim MR. Prevalence of voice disorders in the United States: A national survey. Laryngoscope. 2024;134(1):347–352. https://doi.org/10.1002/lary.30929
  • 4. Sulica L, Behrman A. Management of voice disorders. N Engl J Med. 2003;349(9):882–889. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMcp022307
  • 5. Francis DO, Smith LJ. Hoarseness guidelines redux: toward improved treatment of patients with dysphonia. Otolaryngol Clin North Am. 2019;52(4):597-605.
  • 6. Kılıç MA, Okur E, Yıldırım İ, Öğüt F, Denizoğlu İİ, Kızılay A, et al. Ses Handikap Endeksi Voice Handicap Index Türkçe versiyonunun güvenilirliği ve geçerliliği. Tr-ENT. 2008;18(3):139-47. 7. Guzman M, Laukkanen AM, Krupa P, Horáček J, Švec JG, Geneid A. Vocal tract and glottal function during and after vocal exercising with resonance tube and straw. J Voice. 2013;27(4):523.e19–523.e34. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvoice.2013.02.007 8. Titze IR. Voice training and therapy with a semi-occluded vocal tract: Rationale and scientific underpinnings. J Speech Lang Hear Res. 2006;49(2):448–459. https://doi.org/10.1044/1092-4388(2006/035)
  • 9. Rosenberg M. Using semi-occluded vocal tract exercises in voice therapy: The clinician’s primer. Perspect Voice Voice Disord. 2014;24(2):71–79.
  • 10. Andrade PA, Wood G, Ratcliffe P, Epstein R, Pijper A, Svec JG. Electroglottographic study of seven semi-occluded exercises. J Voice. 2014;28(5):589–595. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvoice.2013.11.004
  • 11. Meerschman I, Van Lierde K, Ketels J, Coppieters C, Claeys S, D'haeseleer E. Effect of three semi-occluded vocal tract therapy programmes on the phonation of patients with dysphonia. Int J Lang Commun Disord. 2019;54(1):50–61. https://doi.org/10.1111/1460-6984.12431
  • 12. Narasimhan SV, Raju M, Shivaramu N, Thimmaraju A. The impact of semi-occluded vocal tract exercises on multidimensional measures of voice in dysphonia. J Voice. 2025. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvoice.2025.05.007
  • 13.de Vasconcelos D, Gomes AO, de Araújo CM. Treatment for vocal polyps: Lips and tongue trill. J Voice. 2017;31(2):252.e27–252.e36. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvoice.2016.07.003
  • 14.Brockmann-Bauser M, Balandat B, Bohlender JE. Immediate lip trill effects on the standard diagnostic measures. J Voice. 2020;34(6):874–883. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvoice.2019.04.011
  • 15. Tetik Hacıtahiroğlu K. Sağlıklı yetişkinlerde pipet fonasyonu egzersizinin anlık etkilerinin değerlendirilmesi. İzmir Bakırçay Üniversitesi, Yüksek Lisans Tezi. 2022.
  • 16. Gaskill CS, Quinney DM. The effect of resonance tubes on glottal contact quotient. J Voice. 2012;26(3):e79–e93. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvoice.2011.03.003
  • 17. Dargin TC, Searl J. Semi-occluded vocal tract exercises: Aerodynamic and electroglottographic measurements. J Voice. 2015;29(2):155–164. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvoice.2014.05.009
  • 18. Kapsner-Smith MR, Hunter EJ, Kirkham K, Cox K, Titze IR. A randomized controlled trial of two semi-occluded vocal tract voice therapy protocols. J Speech Lang Hear Res. 2015;58(3):535–549. https://doi.org/10.1044/2015_JSLHR-S-13-0231
  • 19. Heller-Stark A, Maxfield L, Herrick J, Smith M, Titze I. Comparative study of two semi-occluded vocal tract protocols. J Speech Lang Hear Res. 2024;67(11):4275–4287. https://doi.org/10.1044/2024_JSLHR-22-00456
  • 20. Guzman M, Jara R, Olavarria C, Caceres P, Escuti G, Medina F, et al. Efficacy of water resistance therapy in subjects with behavioral dysphonia. J Voice. 2017;31(3):385.e1–385.e10. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvoice.2016.09.005
  • 21. Ünsal Akkaya EM. Tek taraflı vokal fold paralizili yetişkinlerde yarı kapantılı ses yolu egzersizlerinin anlık etkisinin incelenmesi. Anadolu Üniversitesi, Doktora Tezi. 2023.
  • 22. Master S, Guzman M, Dowdall J. Vocal economy in vocally trained actresses and untrained female subjects. J Voice. 2013;27(6):698–704. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvoice.2013.05.005
  • 23.Antonetti AEDS, Vitor JDS, Guzmán M, Calvache C, Brasolotto AG, Silverio KCA. Efficacy of a semi-occluded vocal tract exercises-therapeutic program in behavioral dysphonia. J Voice. 2023;37(2):215–225. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvoice.2020.12.008
  • 24. Soylu A. Pipetle suya fonasyon egzersizinin vokal fold nodülü olan ve kas gerilim disfonisi olan vakalardaki etkililiğinin incelenmesi. Anadolu Üniversitesi, Yüksek Lisans Tezi. 2023.
  • 25. Echternach M, Raschka J, Kuranova L, Köberlein M, Richter B, Döllinger M, et al. Immediate effects of water resistance therapy on patients with vocal fold mass lesions. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol. 2020;277(7):1995–2003. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00405-020-05887-y
  • 26.Calvache C, Guzman M, Bobadilla M, Bortnem C. Variation on vocal economy after different semioccluded vocal tract exercises. J Voice. 2020;34(4):582–589. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvoice.2019.01.007 27. Denizoğlu İ, Sihvo M. Lax Vox ses terapisi tekniği. Kulak Burun Boğaz Baş Boyun Cerrahisinde Güncel Yaklaşımlar. 2010;6(2):284–305.
  • 28. Karalı H, Çetin FC. Sulkus vokalisi olan vakalarda Lax Vox ses terapisinin etkililiği. Dil Konuşma ve Yutma Araştırmaları Dergisi. 2019;2(2):24–30.
  • 29. Lim HJ, Choi SH, Kim JK, Choi CH. Effects of Lax Vox voice therapy in a patient with spasmodic dysphonia. Phon Speech Sci. 2016;8(2):57–63. https://doi.org/10.13064/KSSS.2016.8.2.057
  • 30. Kaneko M, Sugiyama Y, Mukudai S, Hirano S. Effect of voice therapy using semioccluded vocal tract exercises in singers and nonsingers with dysphonia. J Voice. 2020;34(6):963.e1–963.e9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvoice.2019.06.014
  • 31. Paramesh S, Yeshoda K. Efficacy of long-term intensive straw phonation exercise in air for hyperfunctional voice disorders. J Voice. 2024. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvoice.2024.09.011
  • 32. Apfelbach CS, Guzmán M. Acoustic, aerodynamic, morphometric, and perceptual changes during and after semi-occluded vocal tract exercise. J Voice. 2024;38(2):404–425.

Disfonili Bireylerde Yarı Tıkalı Ses Yolu Egzersizlerinin Klinik Etkililiğine Yönelik Güncel Bulguların İncelenmesi

Year 2025, Volume: 4 Issue: 2, 78 - 84, 10.11.2025
https://doi.org/10.61830/balkansbd.1774502

Abstract

Amaç: Bu derleme çalışmasında, 2015-2025 yılları arasında yayımlanan bilimsel araştırmalar ışığında disfonili bireylerde yarı tıkalı ses yolu egzersizlerinin (YTSYE) terapötik etkileri değerlendirilmiştir. Derlemede, disfoniletin tedavisinde sıklıkla kullanılan dudak tili egzersizleri, pipet fonasyonu, tüple suya fonasyon, Lax Vox tekniği ve bu yöntemlerin kombine uygulamaları incelenmiş; objektif ve subjektif değerlendirme sonuçları ele alınmıştır. Yöntem: Dahil edilen çalışmaların çoğu randomize kontrollü deneysel tasarıma sahiptir. Terapötik müdahaleler kısa veya yapılandırılmış uzun süreli protokoller şeklinde gerçekleştirilmiştir. Değerlendirmelerde Jitter, Shimmer, Harmonik-Gürültü Oranı (HNR) gibi objektif ölçümlerle Ses Handikap İndeksi (SHİ), Sesle İlgili Yaşam Kalitesi Ölçeği ve GRBAS gibi subjektif değerlendirme araçları kullanılmıştır. Bulgular: Dudak trili egzersizlerinin hiperfonksiyonel disfonilerde fonasyon eşiğini düşürdüğü ve ses kalitesinde kısa sürede iyileşme sağladığı görülmektedir. Pipet fonasyonu, vokal foldlar üzerindeki baskıyı azaltarak ses üretiminde fizyolojik verimliliği artırmakta ve hem kısa hem uzun vadeli uygulamalarda etkili olmaktadır. Tüple suya fonasyon egzersizleri rezonans artışı, subglottik basınçta azalma ve SHİ skorlarında iyileşme sağlamaktadır. Lax Vox tekniği glottal kapanmayı artırmakta; spazmodik disfoni ve sulkus vokalis gibi bozukluklarda ses kalitesi üzerinde olumlu katkılar sunmakta ve kısa sürede temel frekansta artış gibi faydalar sağlamaktadır. YTSYE’lerin kombine uygulamalarında hem akustik hem de subjektif değerlendirme ölçütlerinde olumlu değişiklikler elde edilmiştir. Sonuç: YTSYE'ler, disfonili bireylerde vokal fold kapanma paternlerini düzenleme, fonasyon eşik basıncı ve subglottik basıncı düşürme, rezonansı artırma ve sesle ilişkili yaşam kalitesini iyileştirme gibi çok boyutlu faydalar sunmaktadır. Yöntemlerin bireyselleştirilmiş ve yapılandırılmış protokollerle uygulanması, terapötik etkiyi artırmaktadır. Ayrıca, bazı yöntemlerin etkililiğini destekleyen randomize kontrollü çalışma sayısının sınırlılığı, alanda metodolojik araştırmalara duyulan gereksinimi ortaya koymaktadır.

References

  • 1. Ramig LO, Verdolini K. Treatment efficacy: Voice disorders. J Speech Lang Hear Res. 1998;41(1):S101–S116. https://doi.org/10.1044/jslhr.4101.s101
  • 2. Scott S, Robinson K, Wilson J. Voice problems in teachers: Prevalence and risk factors. Br J Educ Psychol. 1997;67(4):561–570. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2044-8279.1997.tb01263.x
  • 3. Huston MN, Puka I, Naunheim MR. Prevalence of voice disorders in the United States: A national survey. Laryngoscope. 2024;134(1):347–352. https://doi.org/10.1002/lary.30929
  • 4. Sulica L, Behrman A. Management of voice disorders. N Engl J Med. 2003;349(9):882–889. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMcp022307
  • 5. Francis DO, Smith LJ. Hoarseness guidelines redux: toward improved treatment of patients with dysphonia. Otolaryngol Clin North Am. 2019;52(4):597-605.
  • 6. Kılıç MA, Okur E, Yıldırım İ, Öğüt F, Denizoğlu İİ, Kızılay A, et al. Ses Handikap Endeksi Voice Handicap Index Türkçe versiyonunun güvenilirliği ve geçerliliği. Tr-ENT. 2008;18(3):139-47. 7. Guzman M, Laukkanen AM, Krupa P, Horáček J, Švec JG, Geneid A. Vocal tract and glottal function during and after vocal exercising with resonance tube and straw. J Voice. 2013;27(4):523.e19–523.e34. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvoice.2013.02.007 8. Titze IR. Voice training and therapy with a semi-occluded vocal tract: Rationale and scientific underpinnings. J Speech Lang Hear Res. 2006;49(2):448–459. https://doi.org/10.1044/1092-4388(2006/035)
  • 9. Rosenberg M. Using semi-occluded vocal tract exercises in voice therapy: The clinician’s primer. Perspect Voice Voice Disord. 2014;24(2):71–79.
  • 10. Andrade PA, Wood G, Ratcliffe P, Epstein R, Pijper A, Svec JG. Electroglottographic study of seven semi-occluded exercises. J Voice. 2014;28(5):589–595. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvoice.2013.11.004
  • 11. Meerschman I, Van Lierde K, Ketels J, Coppieters C, Claeys S, D'haeseleer E. Effect of three semi-occluded vocal tract therapy programmes on the phonation of patients with dysphonia. Int J Lang Commun Disord. 2019;54(1):50–61. https://doi.org/10.1111/1460-6984.12431
  • 12. Narasimhan SV, Raju M, Shivaramu N, Thimmaraju A. The impact of semi-occluded vocal tract exercises on multidimensional measures of voice in dysphonia. J Voice. 2025. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvoice.2025.05.007
  • 13.de Vasconcelos D, Gomes AO, de Araújo CM. Treatment for vocal polyps: Lips and tongue trill. J Voice. 2017;31(2):252.e27–252.e36. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvoice.2016.07.003
  • 14.Brockmann-Bauser M, Balandat B, Bohlender JE. Immediate lip trill effects on the standard diagnostic measures. J Voice. 2020;34(6):874–883. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvoice.2019.04.011
  • 15. Tetik Hacıtahiroğlu K. Sağlıklı yetişkinlerde pipet fonasyonu egzersizinin anlık etkilerinin değerlendirilmesi. İzmir Bakırçay Üniversitesi, Yüksek Lisans Tezi. 2022.
  • 16. Gaskill CS, Quinney DM. The effect of resonance tubes on glottal contact quotient. J Voice. 2012;26(3):e79–e93. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvoice.2011.03.003
  • 17. Dargin TC, Searl J. Semi-occluded vocal tract exercises: Aerodynamic and electroglottographic measurements. J Voice. 2015;29(2):155–164. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvoice.2014.05.009
  • 18. Kapsner-Smith MR, Hunter EJ, Kirkham K, Cox K, Titze IR. A randomized controlled trial of two semi-occluded vocal tract voice therapy protocols. J Speech Lang Hear Res. 2015;58(3):535–549. https://doi.org/10.1044/2015_JSLHR-S-13-0231
  • 19. Heller-Stark A, Maxfield L, Herrick J, Smith M, Titze I. Comparative study of two semi-occluded vocal tract protocols. J Speech Lang Hear Res. 2024;67(11):4275–4287. https://doi.org/10.1044/2024_JSLHR-22-00456
  • 20. Guzman M, Jara R, Olavarria C, Caceres P, Escuti G, Medina F, et al. Efficacy of water resistance therapy in subjects with behavioral dysphonia. J Voice. 2017;31(3):385.e1–385.e10. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvoice.2016.09.005
  • 21. Ünsal Akkaya EM. Tek taraflı vokal fold paralizili yetişkinlerde yarı kapantılı ses yolu egzersizlerinin anlık etkisinin incelenmesi. Anadolu Üniversitesi, Doktora Tezi. 2023.
  • 22. Master S, Guzman M, Dowdall J. Vocal economy in vocally trained actresses and untrained female subjects. J Voice. 2013;27(6):698–704. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvoice.2013.05.005
  • 23.Antonetti AEDS, Vitor JDS, Guzmán M, Calvache C, Brasolotto AG, Silverio KCA. Efficacy of a semi-occluded vocal tract exercises-therapeutic program in behavioral dysphonia. J Voice. 2023;37(2):215–225. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvoice.2020.12.008
  • 24. Soylu A. Pipetle suya fonasyon egzersizinin vokal fold nodülü olan ve kas gerilim disfonisi olan vakalardaki etkililiğinin incelenmesi. Anadolu Üniversitesi, Yüksek Lisans Tezi. 2023.
  • 25. Echternach M, Raschka J, Kuranova L, Köberlein M, Richter B, Döllinger M, et al. Immediate effects of water resistance therapy on patients with vocal fold mass lesions. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol. 2020;277(7):1995–2003. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00405-020-05887-y
  • 26.Calvache C, Guzman M, Bobadilla M, Bortnem C. Variation on vocal economy after different semioccluded vocal tract exercises. J Voice. 2020;34(4):582–589. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvoice.2019.01.007 27. Denizoğlu İ, Sihvo M. Lax Vox ses terapisi tekniği. Kulak Burun Boğaz Baş Boyun Cerrahisinde Güncel Yaklaşımlar. 2010;6(2):284–305.
  • 28. Karalı H, Çetin FC. Sulkus vokalisi olan vakalarda Lax Vox ses terapisinin etkililiği. Dil Konuşma ve Yutma Araştırmaları Dergisi. 2019;2(2):24–30.
  • 29. Lim HJ, Choi SH, Kim JK, Choi CH. Effects of Lax Vox voice therapy in a patient with spasmodic dysphonia. Phon Speech Sci. 2016;8(2):57–63. https://doi.org/10.13064/KSSS.2016.8.2.057
  • 30. Kaneko M, Sugiyama Y, Mukudai S, Hirano S. Effect of voice therapy using semioccluded vocal tract exercises in singers and nonsingers with dysphonia. J Voice. 2020;34(6):963.e1–963.e9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvoice.2019.06.014
  • 31. Paramesh S, Yeshoda K. Efficacy of long-term intensive straw phonation exercise in air for hyperfunctional voice disorders. J Voice. 2024. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvoice.2024.09.011
  • 32. Apfelbach CS, Guzmán M. Acoustic, aerodynamic, morphometric, and perceptual changes during and after semi-occluded vocal tract exercise. J Voice. 2024;38(2):404–425.
There are 29 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Health Services and Systems (Other)
Journal Section Reviews
Authors

Rana Sarpkaya 0009-0005-9622-3771

Elçin Tadıhan Özkan 0000-0003-3154-5305

Publication Date November 10, 2025
Submission Date August 30, 2025
Acceptance Date October 31, 2025
Published in Issue Year 2025 Volume: 4 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Sarpkaya, R., & Tadıhan Özkan, E. (2025). Disfonili Bireylerde Yarı Tıkalı Ses Yolu Egzersizlerinin Klinik Etkililiğine Yönelik Güncel Bulguların İncelenmesi. Balkan Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi, 4(2), 78-84. https://doi.org/10.61830/balkansbd.1774502