Negotiations and Agreements for Population Transfers in the Balkans from the Beginning of the Nineteenth Century until the Balkan Wars of 1912–1913

Year 2018, Volume: 1 Issue: 1, 31 - 75, 26.12.2018

Mehmet Hacısalihoğlu

Abstract

The history of population transfers on the basis of
decisions by ruling authorities dates back to ancient times. In moderns times,
however, the establishment of nation-states played a decisive role in forcible
population transfers in the Balkans. Balkan historiographies tend to date back
bilaterally agreed population transfers and population exchanges to the Balkan
Wars in 1912/13. However, the process of establishing autonomous and
independent states in the Ottoman Balkans saw multiple cases of forcible population
transfer based on agreements and treaties. Some of them are well known cases,
for example, the forcible emigration of Muslims from the newly independent
Greek state in 1830, the forcible emigration of Muslims from Serbian
principality in 1862 and several cases of negotiations on the emigration of
Muslims from different regions, such as Crete or newly established Bulgaria.
This paper deals with these processes in the Balkans beginning already as early
as in the 19th century. 

Keywords

population exchange, forced migration, Ottoman Empire, Russia

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