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Peloponnesos Yarımadası’ndaki Avaro-Slav Varlığına Dair Bazı Kültürel Buluntular

Year 2023, Volume: 5 Issue: 2, 291 - 332, 31.07.2023
https://doi.org/10.47139/balted.1320584

Abstract

Balkan Yarımadası; Orta Avrupa, Doğu Avrupa, Anadolu ve Akdeniz ile Karadeniz’e geçiş güzergahının üzerinde yer almaktadır. Balkanların bu stratejik konumu tarih boyunca farklı etnik gruplara sahip toplumların karşılaşma noktası olmuştur. Bu karşılaşmalar çoğu kez coğrafyada köklü kültürel değişimlere yol açmıştır. Bu yarımada tarihçiler tarafından Bizans İmparatorluğu olarak anılan "Orthodoks Hristiyan Roma İmparatorluğu"nun erken dönemdeki varlığının Avaro-Slav istila ve iskan hareketleriyle sınandığı bir alan olmuştur. Balkanlar’da yer alan Yunanistan, geçmişi binlerce yıllık bir yazılı kültüre dayanan Hellen kültürünün, Orta Çağ Dönemi boyunca burada hüküm sürmüş olan Bizans İmparatorluğu’nun, bu coğrafyanın yeni yerleşimcileri olan Slavların ve getirdikleri Avaro-Slav kültür materyalinin karşılaştığı bir yerdir. Kroniklere göre Peloponnesos bu yeni gelen grupların bir dönem boyunca imparatorluktan bağımsız olarak yaşadıkları bir yer olmuştur. Bu dönem ‘‘Bizans Karanlık Çağları’’ olarak da bilindiği için ekonomik ve kültürel bir gerilemenin yaşandığı bununla beraber yazılı kaynak üretiminin de az olduğu bir zamandır. Dolayısıyla bu dönemin sosyo-kültürel ve etnik yapısının özelliklerini anlamak için arkeolojik buluntular büyük önem arz etmektedir. Çalışmanın içeriği Peloponnesos Yarımadası’nda ortaya çıkan Avaro-Slav kültür buluntuları üzerine hazırlanmıştır; böylelikle arkeolojik buluntulardan ışığında coğrafyadaki dönemin az bilinen kültürel yapısı genel hatlarıyla anlatılmıştır.

References

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  • Mozhajsky, A. (2018). In the Footsteps of M.S. Koutorga, the First Russian Explorer of Boiotia. Teiresias,49(1), 1-19.
  • Nicolle, D., McBridge, A. (2013). Doğu Roma Orduları M.S. 306-886. İstanbul: Türkiye İş Bankası Yayınları.
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Some Cultural Finds About The Avaro-Slavic Presence in Peloponnese Peninsula

Year 2023, Volume: 5 Issue: 2, 291 - 332, 31.07.2023
https://doi.org/10.47139/balted.1320584

Abstract

The Balkan Peninsula is situated as a pass route between Middle Europe, East Europe, Anatolia and Mediterranean with Black Sea. This strategic location of Balkans have made it an encounter point for the folks that have different ethnic groups during the history. These encounters caused changeovers many times. The peninsula was an area of Ortodox Christian Roman Empire is called as Byzantine Empire by the historians where has been tested in the early period of its existense with the Avaro-Slavic invasions and their settlement movement. Greece in the Balkans is a place where the Hellenic culture, which has thousands of years of written history, the Byzantine Empire, which ruled here during the Middle Ages, the Slavs, who were the new settlers of this geography, and the Avaro-Slavic cultural material they brought coexist. According to the chronicles, the Peloponnese was a place where these newly arrived groups lived independently from the the empire for a while. In this period is also known as ''Dark Age'' which occurred economic and cultural decline, concordantly it was a time in which the production of written sources were low. Hence archaeological finds have huge importance in order to understand about in this period the sociocultural construction and the ethnicity. The content of study consists about the Avaro - Slavic cultural finds were found in Peloponnese Peninsula where is situated in Greece. Thus, based on archaeological finds, the little-known cultural structure of the period in this geography was examined.

References

  • Barbarians in Dark-Age Greece: Slavs or Avars? (2004). (https://www.academia.edu/230060/Barbarians_in_Dark%02Age_Greece_Slavs_or)
  • Barford, M. P. (2001). The Early Slavs: Culture and Society in Early Medieval Eastern Europe. New York: Cornell
  • Bintliff, J. (2012). The Complete Archaeology of Greece From Hunter-Gatherers to the 20th Century A.D. New Jersey: Wiley-Blackwell Publishing.
  • Boeck, E., Maas, M. (Ed.ler) (2017). Dumbarton Oaks Papers. 71. Cilt. Washington: Dumbarton Oaks Research Library and Collection.
  • Braudel, F. (2007). Akdeniz: Tarih, Mekan ve İnsanlar. İstanbul: Metis Yayınları.
  • Brown, P. (1999). Geç Antik Çağ’da Roma ve Bizans Dünyası. İstanbul: Tarih Vakfı Yurt Yayınları.
  • Burckhardt, J. (2019). Yunanlar ve Yunan Medeniyeti. İstanbul: Pirhan Yayıncılık.
  • Cameron, A., Ward-Perkins, B., Whitby, M. (Ed.ler) (2008). The Cambridge Ancient History. 14. Cilt. Cambridge: Cambridge Press.
  • Céramique slave à Argos (585 ap. J.-C.) (1980). https://www.persee.fr/doc/bch_0304-2456_1980_sup_6_1_5172
  • Charalampakis, P. (2018). The Social, Fiscal and Administrative Status of the Early Slavic People Within the Byzantine State (7th-10th C.). CAS Sofia Working Paper Series, 10, 1-29.
  • Chausidis, N. (2019). Does the Hoard From Velestino in Thessaly Belong to the Pagan-Slavic or Christian-Byzantine Culture? Patrimonium. M.K. (ПАТРИМОНИУМ.МК), 12(17), 364-379.
  • Curta, F. (1999). Hiding Behind a Piece of Tapestry: Jordanes and the Slavic Venethi. Jahrbücher für Geschichte Osteuropas, 47(3), 321-340.
  • Curta, F. (2004). Civitas divino-humana: in honorem annorum LX Georgii Bakalov. Sofya.
  • Curta, F. (2004). The Slavic Lingua Franca. East Central Europe, 31(2), 125-148.
  • Curta, F. (2005). Female Dress and Slavic Bow Fibulae in Greece. Hesperia. 74(1), 101-146.
  • Curta, F. (2006). Southeastern Europe in the Middle Ages, 500-1250. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Curta, F. (2009). The Making of the Slavs: History and Archaeology of the Lower Danube Region c. 500-700. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Curta, F. (2011). Edinburgh History of the Greeks, c. 500 to 1050: The Early Middle Ages. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press.
  • Curta, F., Szmoniewski, S.B. (2019). The Velestino Hoard: Casting Light on the Byzantine 'Dark Ages'. Londra: Palgrave Macmillan.
  • Davidson, R. G., Horvath T. (1937). The Avar Invasion of Corinth. Hesperia, 6(2), 227-240.
  • De Rosen. (2018). The Economic Fate of Urban Settlements in Rhomanian Boeotia, Thessaly, and Western Macedonia (783-1204) [Yayımlanmamış doktora tezi]. The University of Birmingham.
  • Diehl, C. (2006). Bizans İmparatorluğu’nun Tarihi. İstanbul: İlgi Yayınları.
  • Erhat, A. (2007). Mitoloji Sözlüğü. İstanbul: Remzi Kitabevi.
  • Eryılmaz, Ü. (2021). Avar Kağanlığı’nın İktisadi Tarihi. Ömer Halisdemir Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 14(3), 1091-1108.
  • Eyice, S. (1982). Türkiye’de Bizans Sanatı. Anadolu Uygarlıkları Ansiklopedisi içinde (Cilt 3). İstanbul: Görsel Yayınlar, 514-564.
  • Fields, N. (2006). The Hun: Scourge of God AD 375–565 (Warrior). Oxford: Osprey Publishing.
  • Freely, J. (2011). Troya Savaşı’ndan İstiklal Harbi’ne Anadolu’da Yunanlar. İstanbul: Doğan Kitap.
  • Gregory, G. E. (2005). A History of Byzantium. New Jersey: Blackwell Publishing.
  • Heather, P. (2010). Empires and the Barbarians: The Fall of Rome and the Birth of Europe. New York: Oxford University Press.
  • Ivanovic, P. (2012). Western Slavs in the 6th and 7th century. Историја (Journal of History), 47(1), 77-91.
  • Judith, H. (1972). The Social and Economic Structure of Central Greece in the Late Twelfth Century [Yayımlanmamış doktora tezi]. University of Birmingham.
  • Kaldellis A. (2019). Romanland: Ethnicity and Empire in Byzantium. London: The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press.
  • Kennedy, F. L (2016). The Busy Cemeteries of Late Antique Corinth: Geographic İdentification of Migrants vs Locals, and the Characterization of 6th-8th Century City [Yayımlanmamış doktora tezi]. Texas A&M University.
  • Kobylinski, Z. (2006). The New Cambridge Medieval History. Paul Fouracre (Ed.), The Slavs (s. 524-544). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Koder, J. (2020). On the Slavic Immigration in the Byzantine Balkans. Studies in Global Social History, 39(13), 81-100. DOI: 10.1163/9789004425613_004
  • Korulyuk, D. V. (1978). The Making of the Slav Community. Unesco Digital Library, 8/9(41), 9-12.
  • Lajoye P., Dyanda, J., Ivanenko., A., Kajkowski, K., Koptev, A., Kutarev, Oleg., Valentsova, M., Zaroff, R., Zochios, S. (2019). New Researches on the Religion and Mythology of the Pagan Slavs. Lisieux: Lingva.
  • Leibniz-WissenschaftsCampus (2015). [Erişim tarihi: 10.07.2023] (https://www.byzanz-mainz.de/aktuelles/b/article/the-slavs-in-the-peloponnese-new-evidence-from-rescue-excavations-in-arcadia)
  • Lemerle, P. (2004). Bizans Tarihi. İstanbul: İletişim Yayınları.
  • Levi, P. (1987). Eski Yunan. Atlaslı Büyük Uygarlıklar Ansiklopedisi içinde (Yıl: 1987, Cilt 3). İstanbul: İletişim Yayınları.
  • Levtchenko, V.M. (2007). Bizans Tarihi. İstanbul: Doruk Yayımcılık.
  • Mansel, M.A. (2014). Ege ve Yunan Tarihi (10. Baskı). Ankara: Türk Tarih Kurumu Yayınları.
  • Markov, D. (1978). The Flowering of Slavic Culture. Unesco Digital Library, 8/9(41), 4-8.
  • Miller, G., S. (1990). Nemea: A Guide to the Site and Museum. Oxford: University of California Press.
  • Morrison, C. (2014). Bizans Dünyası: Doğu Roma İmparatorluğu. İstanbul: Ayrıntı Yayınları.
  • Mozhajsky, A. (2018). In the Footsteps of M.S. Koutorga, the First Russian Explorer of Boiotia. Teiresias,49(1), 1-19.
  • Nicolle, D., McBridge, A. (2013). Doğu Roma Orduları M.S. 306-886. İstanbul: Türkiye İş Bankası Yayınları.
  • Obolensky, D. (1994). Byzantium and the Slavs. New York: St Vladimir’s Seminary Press.
  • Ortaylı, İ. (2008). Latince’nin Ölüsü de Canlısı Kadar Çekici. Milliyet. [Erişim tarihi: 20.07.2023] (https://www.milliyet.com.tr/yazarlar/ilber-ortayli/latincenin-olusu-de-canlisi-kadar-cekici-976632)
  • Ostrogorsky, G. (1963). Byzantium and the South Slavs. The Slavonic and Eastern European Review, 42(98), 1-14.
  • Ostrogorsky, G. (2011). Bizans Devlet Tarihi. Ankara: Türk Tarih Kurumu Yayınları.
  • Pohl, W. (2018). The Avars: A Steppe Empire in Central Europe, 567-822. Ithaca and London: Cornell University Press.
  • Poulou-Papadimitriou, N., Tzavella, E., Ott, J. Burial Practices in Byzantine Greece: Archaeological Evidence and Methodological Problems For İts Interpreation. Maciej Salamon, Marcin Wołoszyn, Alexander Musin, Perica Špehar (Ed.ler), Rome, Constantinople and Newly-Converted Europe (377-417). Kraków-Leipzig-Rzeszów-Warszawa: Leipziger Universitätsvlg.
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  • Procopius, (2018). Bizans’ın Gizli Tarihi. İstanbul: Say Yayınları.
  • Sevcenko, I. (1984). Byzantium and the Slavs. Harvard Ukrainian Research Institute. Harvard Ukrainian Studies, 8(3), 289-303.
  • Sowerby, R. (2012). Yunan Kültür Tarihi: Homerik çağ, din, sosyal yaşam, spor, edebiyat, mitoloji, felsefe, sanat. İstanbul: İnkilap Kitabevi.
  • Stathakopoulos, D. (2018). Bizans İmparatorluğu’nın Kısa Tarihi. İstanbul: İletişim Yayınları.
  • Th. Völling. (2001). The Last Christian Greeks and The First Pagan Slavs in Olympia. Atina (https://www.scribd.com/document/163522846/Th-Volling-The-last-christian-Greeks-and-the-first-pagan-Slavs-in-Olympia-2001#.)
  • Trip 2, Part 2: Olympia (2007, 4 Ekim). (https://mediterraneanworld.typepad.com/the_archaeology_of_the_me/2007/10/trip-2-part-2-o.html)
  • Tsivikis, N. (2012). Byzantine Small Finds in Archaeological Contexts: B. Böhlendorf-Arslan and A. Ricci (Ed.ler) Considerations on Some Bronze Buckles from Byzantine Messene (s. 61-80) İstanbul: Kağıthane.
  • Vasiliev, A. A. (2017). Bizans İmparatorluğu Tarihi. İstanbul: Alfa Yayınları.
  • Vionis, A. K. (2013, Eylül). Reading Art and Material Culture: Greeks, Slavs and Arabs in the Byzantine Aegean. Bochumer Altertumswissenschaftliches Colloquium, s. 110.
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There are 73 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Early Modern Balkan History
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Onur Türkay

Publication Date July 31, 2023
Published in Issue Year 2023 Volume: 5 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Türkay, O. (2023). Peloponnesos Yarımadası’ndaki Avaro-Slav Varlığına Dair Bazı Kültürel Buluntular. Balkanlarda Türk Dili Ve Edebiyatı Araştırmaları, 5(2), 291-332. https://doi.org/10.47139/balted.1320584

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Balkanlarda Türk Dili ve Edebiyatı Araştırmaları (BALTED), Creative Commons Atıf-GayriTicari 4.0 Uluslararası Lisansı ile lisanslanmıştır.