In this study the effect of foreign direct investment (FDI) on current account deficit was investigated by using the quarterly data of 1991:Q4-2013:Q1 periods for Turkish economy. Economic growth variable which is an important determinative of the current account deficit was also included in the analysis. The analysis was carried out with the bounds testing approach developed by Pesaran, Shin and Smith (2001) and besides the constant model, constant and trend model was also used unlike the literature. According to the empirical findings from the study, it was determined that there was a cointegration between the variables. According to this, the effect of FDI on the current account deficit in long term analysis was found negative and statistically significant in accordance with our theoretical expectations. Furthermore, in short term analysis coefficient of error correction term was negative and statistically significant. So the deviations occurring between the variables converge to the long term balance level. However, in Toda-Yamamoto and Vector Error Correction Model (VECM) short term causality analysis a one-way relationship was determined from the FDI to the growth and the current account deficit. Additionally, in Vector Error Correction Model (VECM) long term causality analysis a two-way relationship was determined among the variables.
Açıkalın, S., Gül, E. ve Yaşar, E. (2006). Ücretler ve Büyüme ile Doğrudan Yabancı Yatırımlar
Arasındaki İlişkinin Ekonometrik Analizi, Dumlupınar Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 16, 271-
282
Alagöz, M., Erdoğan, S. ve Topallı, N. (2008). Doğrudan Yabancı Sermaye Yatırımları ve Ekonomik
Büyüme: Türkiye Deneyimi 1992-2007, Gaziantep Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 7(1), 79-89
Altıntaş, H. (2009). Türkiye’de Doğrudan Yabancı Sermaye Girişi ve Dış Ticaret Arasındaki İlişkinin
Ekonometrik Analizi: 1996-2007, Ankara Üniversitesi Siyasal Bilgiler Fakültesi, 64(2), (Nisan-
Haziran) 1-30
Altunç, Ö. F. (2008). Türkiye’de Finansal ve İktisadi Büyüme arasındaki Nedenselliğin Ampirik Bir
Analizi, EOGÜ, İİBF Dergisi, 3(2), 113-127
Bhattacharya, B. ve Mukharjee, J. (2002). “Causal Relationship between Stock Market and Exchange
Rate, Foreign Exchange Reserves and Value of Trade Balance: A Case Study for India”, 01
Haziran 2013 tarihinde www.igidr.ac.in adresinden erişildi
Brown, R.L., Durbin, J. ve Evans, J.M. (1975). “Techniques for Testing the Constancy of Regression
Relationships Over Time”, Journal of the Royal Statistical Society. Series B (Methodological),
37(2):149-192
Carrion-i-Silvestre, J. Ll. and Sansó, A. (2006). Testing The Null Of Cointegration With Structural
Breaks, Oxford Bulletin of Economics and Statistics, 68, 623-646. GAUSS Codes
Carrion-i-Silvestre, J. L., Kim, D ve Perron, P. (2009). GLS-Based Unit Root Tests with Multiple
Structural Breaks Under Both the Null and the Alternative Hypotheses, Econometric Theory. 25,
1754-1792
Charemza, W.W. and Deadman, D.F. (1997). New Directions in Econometric Practice: General to
Specific Modelling, Cointegration and Vector Autoregression, Second Edition, Edward Elgar
Publishing, Chelthenham, UK
Değer, M. Kemal ve Ö. Selçuk Emsen (2006). Geçiş Ekonomilerinde Doğrudan Yabancı Sermaye
Yatırımları ve Ekonomik Büyüme İlişkileri: Panel Veri Analizleri (1990-2002), C.Ü. İktisadi ve İdari
Bilimler Dergisi, 7(2)
Dickey, D. and Fuller, W. A. (1979). Distribution of the Estimates for Autoregressive Time Series with a
Unit Root Journal of the American Statistical Association, 74, 427-431
Enders, W. (1995). Applied Econometric Time Series. 1 rd edition, Wiley, New York
Enders, W. (1996). Rats Handbook for Econometric Time Series. John Willey and Song Inc
Engle, R. and Granger, C. W. J. (1987). Co-Integration and Error Correction: Represention, Estimation
and Testing, Econometrica, 55(2), 251-276
Ericsson, J. and Irandoust, M. (2001). On The Causality Between Foreign Direct Investment And
Output: A Comparative Study, The International Trade Journal,15, 1-26
Ersoy, İ. (2011). The Causal Relationship between the Financial Account and the Current Account:
The Case of Turkey, International Research Journal of Finance and Economics, 75, 187-193
Göçer, İ., Bulut, Ş. ve Dam, M.M. (2012). Doğrudan Yabancı Yatırımların Türkiye’nin İhracat
Performansına Etkileri: Ekonometrik Bir Analiz, Business and Economics Research Journal. 3(2),
21-40
Göçer İ. (2013). Ekonomik Büyümenin Belirleyicileri: Sınır Testi Yaklaşımı Siyaset, Ekonomi ve
Yönetim Araştırmaları Dergisi,1(2) ,75-91
Granger, C.W.J. (1969). Investigating Causal Relation by Econometric and Cross-Sectional Method,
Econometrica, 37, 424-438
Granger, C. W. J. and Newbold, P. (1974). Spurious Regressions in Econometrics. Journal of
Econometrics, 2 (2), 111-120
Granger, C.W.J. (1988). Some Recent Developments in a Concept of Causality, Journal of
Econometrics, 39, 199–211
Gregory, A. W. ve Hansen, B. E. (1996). Residual-Based Tests for Cointegration in Models With
Regime Shifts, Journal of Econometrics. 70(1), 99-126
Gujarati, D. N. (1999). Temel Ekonometri, (Çev. Ü. Şenesen ve G. G. Şenesen) İstanbul: Literatür
Yayınları
Hatemi-J, A. (2008). Tests For Cointegration With Two Unknown Regime Shifts With an Application to
Financial Market Integration, Empirical Economics, 35, 497-505
Hossain, M. A. (2011). “Impact of Foreign Direct Investment on Bangladesh’s Balance of Payments:
Some Policy Implications: Bangladesh”, 04 Nisan 2013 tarihinde http://notunprojonmo.com/wp-
content/uploads/2011/07/E18-pn0805.pdf adresinden erişildi
Jansen, K. (1995). The Macroeconomic Effects of Direct Foreign Investment: The Case of Thailand,
World Development, 23(2), 193–210
Johansen, S. and Juselıus, K. (1990). Maximum Likelihood Estimation and Inference on Cointegration
with Application to the Demand for Money, Oxford Bulletin of Economic and Statistics, (52), 169-
210
Johansen, S. (1988). Statistical Analysis of Cointegration Vectors, Journal of Economic Dynamic and
Control, (12), 231-254
Johnston, J. and Dinardo, J. (1997). Econometric Methods. Newyork: 4th Edition McGraw -Hill
Kamas, L., and Joyce, J. P. (1993). Money, Income and Prices Under Fixed Exchange Rates:
Evidence From Causality Tests And VARs. Journal of Macroeconomics, 15(4), 747-768
Katırcıoglu, Salih (2009). Foreign Direct Investment And Economic Growth In Turkey: an Empirical
Investigation By The Bounds Test For Co-Integration And Causality Tests, Izvorni Znanstveni
Rad,UDK 339.727.22:338.1(560)
Lee, J. ve Strazicich, M.C. (2003). Minimum Lagrange Multiplier Unit Root TestWith Two Structural
Breaks, The Review of Economics and Statistics, 85(4), 1082-1089
Leichenko, R. M. and Erickson, R.A. (1997). Foreign Direct Investment and State Export Performance,
Journal of Regional Science, 37/2, 307-329
Liu, X., Chang S. ve Sinclair, P. (2009). Trade, Foreign Direct Investment and Economic Growth in
Asian Economies, Applied Economics, 41, 1603–1612
Maki, D. (2012). Tests For Cointegration Allowing For an Unknown Number of Breaks, Economic
Modelling. 29(5), 2011-2015
Meyer, Klaus W. (2003) Foreign Direct Investment in Emerging Markets: A Literature Review and New
Perspectives, DRC Working paper #15, Centre for New and Emerging Markets, London Business
School
Mucuk, M. ve M. T. Demirsel (2009). Türkiye’de Doğrudan Yabancı Yatırımlar ve Ekonomik
Performans, Selçuk Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 21,365-373
Narayan, P. K. and Narayan, S. (2004). Estimating Income and Price Elasticities of Imports for Fiji in a
Cointegration Framework. Economic Modelling, 22, 423-438
Narayan, P. K. (2005). The Saving and Investment Nexus for China: Evidence From Cointegration
Tests, Applied Economics, 37(17), 1979-1990
Narayan, P. K. and Smyth, R. (2006). What Determines Migration Flows from Low-Income to High
Income Countries? An Empirical Investigation of Fiji-U.S. Migration 1972-2001. Contemporary
Economic Policy, 24(2), 332-342
Onwuka, K., and Zoral, K.Y. (2009). Foreign Direct Investment and Imports Growth in Turkey, Journal
of Yasar University, 4 (15), 2357-2380
Örnek, İ. (2008). Yabancı Sermaye Akımlarının Yurtiçi Tasarruf ve Ekonomik Büyüme Üzerine Etkisi:
Türkiye Örneği, Ankara Üniversitesi Siyasal Bilgiler Fakültesi Dergisi, 63(2), 19-217
Pesaran, M., Shin, Y. and Smith, R. J. (2001). Bounds Testing Approaches to the Analysis of Level
Relationships. Journal of Applied Econometrics, 16, 289-326
Pfaffermayr, M. (1996). Foreign Outward Direct Investment and Exports in Austrian Manufacturing:
Substitutes or Complements? Weltwirtschaftliches Archiv, 132/3, 501-552
Phillips, P.C. B. and P. Perron (1988). Testing for a Unit Root in Time Series Regression, Biometrika,
75, 335–346
Seabra, F. ve Flach, L. (2005). Foreign Direct Investment and Profit Outflows: A Causality Analysis
For the Brazilian Economy, Economics Bulletin, 6(1), 1-15
Suzuki, Yui (2012). Binding Constraint on Economic Growth Under Exportoriented Industrialization
and Globalization, Applied Economics, 44, 2569–2576
Şimşek, Mevlüdiye ve Behdioğlu, Sema (2006), “Türkiye’de Dolaysız Yabancı Sermaye Yatırımlarının
Ekonomik Büyüme Üzerindeki Etkisi: Uygulamalı Bir Çalışma”, Atatürk Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari
Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 20, 47-65
Tadesse, B. ve M. Ryan (2008). Host Market Characteristics, FDI, and the FDI Trade Relationship,
The Journal of International Trade & Economic Development, 13(2), 199-229
Tarı, R. (2008). Ekonometri, 8. Baskı, Avcı Ofset, İstanbul
Toda, H.Y. ve Yamamoto, T. (1995). Statistical Inference in Vector Autoregressions with Possibly
Integrated Processes, Journal of Econometrics, 66(1-2), 225-250
Westerlund J. and Edgerton, D. (2006). New Improved Tests for Cointegration with Structural Breaks,
Journal of Time Series Analysis, Wiley Blackwell, 28(2), 188-224, 03
Xuan, N. T and Xing, Y. (2008). Foreign Direct İnvestment and Exports, Economics of Transition,
16(2), 183–197
Zafir, C. Z. ve Sezgin, F. H. (2012). Analysis of the Effects of Foreign Direct Investment on the
Financing of Current Account Deficits in Turkey, International Journal of Business and Social
Science, 3(10), 68-78
Zhang, K. H. (2001). How Does Foreign Direct Investment affect Economic Growth in China?
Economics of Transition, 9, 679-693
Doğrudan yabancı yatırımlar-cari işlemler açığı ilişkisi: Türkiye için ampirik bir analiz
Year 2013,
Volume: 24 Issue: 87, 57 - 78, 01.04.2013
Bu çalışmada, doğrudan yabancı yatırımların cari işlemler açığı üzerindeki etkisi 1991:Q4- 2013:Q1 dönemi üç aylık verileri kullanılarak Türkiye ekonomisi için araştırılmıştır. Cari açığın önemli belirleyicisi olan ekonomik büyüme değişkeni de analize dahil edilmiştir. Analiz, Pesaran, Shin ve Smith (2001) tarafından geliştirilen Sınır Testi yaklaşımıyla yapılmış ve literatürden farklı olarak sabitli modelin yanı sıra ve sabitli ve trendli model de kullanılmıştır. Çalışmadan elde edilen ampirik kanıtlara göre, değişkenler arasında eşbütünleşmenin olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Buna göre, uzun dönem analizinde doğrudan yabancı yatırımların cari işlemler açığı üzerindeki etkisi teorik beklentilerle uyumlu bir şekilde negatif ve istatistiki olarak anlamlı bulunmuştur. Kısa dönem analizinde ise hata düzeltme teriminin katsayısı istatistiki açıdan anlamlı ve negatiftir. Dolayısıyla değişkenler arasında ortaya çıkan sapmalar uzun dönem denge düzeyine yakınsamaktadır. Toda-Yamamoto ve Hata Düzeltme Modeli (VECM) kısa dönem nedensellik analizinde, doğrudan yabancı yatırımlardan büyüme ve cari açığa doğru tek yönlü ilişki tespit edilmiştir. Hata Düzeltme Modeli uzun dönem nedensellik analizinde ise tüm değişkenler arasında karşılıklı nedensellik ilişkisi olduğu görülmüştür.
Açıkalın, S., Gül, E. ve Yaşar, E. (2006). Ücretler ve Büyüme ile Doğrudan Yabancı Yatırımlar
Arasındaki İlişkinin Ekonometrik Analizi, Dumlupınar Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 16, 271-
282
Alagöz, M., Erdoğan, S. ve Topallı, N. (2008). Doğrudan Yabancı Sermaye Yatırımları ve Ekonomik
Büyüme: Türkiye Deneyimi 1992-2007, Gaziantep Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 7(1), 79-89
Altıntaş, H. (2009). Türkiye’de Doğrudan Yabancı Sermaye Girişi ve Dış Ticaret Arasındaki İlişkinin
Ekonometrik Analizi: 1996-2007, Ankara Üniversitesi Siyasal Bilgiler Fakültesi, 64(2), (Nisan-
Haziran) 1-30
Altunç, Ö. F. (2008). Türkiye’de Finansal ve İktisadi Büyüme arasındaki Nedenselliğin Ampirik Bir
Analizi, EOGÜ, İİBF Dergisi, 3(2), 113-127
Bhattacharya, B. ve Mukharjee, J. (2002). “Causal Relationship between Stock Market and Exchange
Rate, Foreign Exchange Reserves and Value of Trade Balance: A Case Study for India”, 01
Haziran 2013 tarihinde www.igidr.ac.in adresinden erişildi
Brown, R.L., Durbin, J. ve Evans, J.M. (1975). “Techniques for Testing the Constancy of Regression
Relationships Over Time”, Journal of the Royal Statistical Society. Series B (Methodological),
37(2):149-192
Carrion-i-Silvestre, J. Ll. and Sansó, A. (2006). Testing The Null Of Cointegration With Structural
Breaks, Oxford Bulletin of Economics and Statistics, 68, 623-646. GAUSS Codes
Carrion-i-Silvestre, J. L., Kim, D ve Perron, P. (2009). GLS-Based Unit Root Tests with Multiple
Structural Breaks Under Both the Null and the Alternative Hypotheses, Econometric Theory. 25,
1754-1792
Charemza, W.W. and Deadman, D.F. (1997). New Directions in Econometric Practice: General to
Specific Modelling, Cointegration and Vector Autoregression, Second Edition, Edward Elgar
Publishing, Chelthenham, UK
Değer, M. Kemal ve Ö. Selçuk Emsen (2006). Geçiş Ekonomilerinde Doğrudan Yabancı Sermaye
Yatırımları ve Ekonomik Büyüme İlişkileri: Panel Veri Analizleri (1990-2002), C.Ü. İktisadi ve İdari
Bilimler Dergisi, 7(2)
Dickey, D. and Fuller, W. A. (1979). Distribution of the Estimates for Autoregressive Time Series with a
Unit Root Journal of the American Statistical Association, 74, 427-431
Enders, W. (1995). Applied Econometric Time Series. 1 rd edition, Wiley, New York
Enders, W. (1996). Rats Handbook for Econometric Time Series. John Willey and Song Inc
Engle, R. and Granger, C. W. J. (1987). Co-Integration and Error Correction: Represention, Estimation
and Testing, Econometrica, 55(2), 251-276
Ericsson, J. and Irandoust, M. (2001). On The Causality Between Foreign Direct Investment And
Output: A Comparative Study, The International Trade Journal,15, 1-26
Ersoy, İ. (2011). The Causal Relationship between the Financial Account and the Current Account:
The Case of Turkey, International Research Journal of Finance and Economics, 75, 187-193
Göçer, İ., Bulut, Ş. ve Dam, M.M. (2012). Doğrudan Yabancı Yatırımların Türkiye’nin İhracat
Performansına Etkileri: Ekonometrik Bir Analiz, Business and Economics Research Journal. 3(2),
21-40
Göçer İ. (2013). Ekonomik Büyümenin Belirleyicileri: Sınır Testi Yaklaşımı Siyaset, Ekonomi ve
Yönetim Araştırmaları Dergisi,1(2) ,75-91
Granger, C.W.J. (1969). Investigating Causal Relation by Econometric and Cross-Sectional Method,
Econometrica, 37, 424-438
Granger, C. W. J. and Newbold, P. (1974). Spurious Regressions in Econometrics. Journal of
Econometrics, 2 (2), 111-120
Granger, C.W.J. (1988). Some Recent Developments in a Concept of Causality, Journal of
Econometrics, 39, 199–211
Gregory, A. W. ve Hansen, B. E. (1996). Residual-Based Tests for Cointegration in Models With
Regime Shifts, Journal of Econometrics. 70(1), 99-126
Gujarati, D. N. (1999). Temel Ekonometri, (Çev. Ü. Şenesen ve G. G. Şenesen) İstanbul: Literatür
Yayınları
Hatemi-J, A. (2008). Tests For Cointegration With Two Unknown Regime Shifts With an Application to
Financial Market Integration, Empirical Economics, 35, 497-505
Hossain, M. A. (2011). “Impact of Foreign Direct Investment on Bangladesh’s Balance of Payments:
Some Policy Implications: Bangladesh”, 04 Nisan 2013 tarihinde http://notunprojonmo.com/wp-
content/uploads/2011/07/E18-pn0805.pdf adresinden erişildi
Jansen, K. (1995). The Macroeconomic Effects of Direct Foreign Investment: The Case of Thailand,
World Development, 23(2), 193–210
Johansen, S. and Juselıus, K. (1990). Maximum Likelihood Estimation and Inference on Cointegration
with Application to the Demand for Money, Oxford Bulletin of Economic and Statistics, (52), 169-
210
Johansen, S. (1988). Statistical Analysis of Cointegration Vectors, Journal of Economic Dynamic and
Control, (12), 231-254
Johnston, J. and Dinardo, J. (1997). Econometric Methods. Newyork: 4th Edition McGraw -Hill
Kamas, L., and Joyce, J. P. (1993). Money, Income and Prices Under Fixed Exchange Rates:
Evidence From Causality Tests And VARs. Journal of Macroeconomics, 15(4), 747-768
Katırcıoglu, Salih (2009). Foreign Direct Investment And Economic Growth In Turkey: an Empirical
Investigation By The Bounds Test For Co-Integration And Causality Tests, Izvorni Znanstveni
Rad,UDK 339.727.22:338.1(560)
Lee, J. ve Strazicich, M.C. (2003). Minimum Lagrange Multiplier Unit Root TestWith Two Structural
Breaks, The Review of Economics and Statistics, 85(4), 1082-1089
Leichenko, R. M. and Erickson, R.A. (1997). Foreign Direct Investment and State Export Performance,
Journal of Regional Science, 37/2, 307-329
Liu, X., Chang S. ve Sinclair, P. (2009). Trade, Foreign Direct Investment and Economic Growth in
Asian Economies, Applied Economics, 41, 1603–1612
Maki, D. (2012). Tests For Cointegration Allowing For an Unknown Number of Breaks, Economic
Modelling. 29(5), 2011-2015
Meyer, Klaus W. (2003) Foreign Direct Investment in Emerging Markets: A Literature Review and New
Perspectives, DRC Working paper #15, Centre for New and Emerging Markets, London Business
School
Mucuk, M. ve M. T. Demirsel (2009). Türkiye’de Doğrudan Yabancı Yatırımlar ve Ekonomik
Performans, Selçuk Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 21,365-373
Narayan, P. K. and Narayan, S. (2004). Estimating Income and Price Elasticities of Imports for Fiji in a
Cointegration Framework. Economic Modelling, 22, 423-438
Narayan, P. K. (2005). The Saving and Investment Nexus for China: Evidence From Cointegration
Tests, Applied Economics, 37(17), 1979-1990
Narayan, P. K. and Smyth, R. (2006). What Determines Migration Flows from Low-Income to High
Income Countries? An Empirical Investigation of Fiji-U.S. Migration 1972-2001. Contemporary
Economic Policy, 24(2), 332-342
Onwuka, K., and Zoral, K.Y. (2009). Foreign Direct Investment and Imports Growth in Turkey, Journal
of Yasar University, 4 (15), 2357-2380
Örnek, İ. (2008). Yabancı Sermaye Akımlarının Yurtiçi Tasarruf ve Ekonomik Büyüme Üzerine Etkisi:
Türkiye Örneği, Ankara Üniversitesi Siyasal Bilgiler Fakültesi Dergisi, 63(2), 19-217
Pesaran, M., Shin, Y. and Smith, R. J. (2001). Bounds Testing Approaches to the Analysis of Level
Relationships. Journal of Applied Econometrics, 16, 289-326
Pfaffermayr, M. (1996). Foreign Outward Direct Investment and Exports in Austrian Manufacturing:
Substitutes or Complements? Weltwirtschaftliches Archiv, 132/3, 501-552
Phillips, P.C. B. and P. Perron (1988). Testing for a Unit Root in Time Series Regression, Biometrika,
75, 335–346
Seabra, F. ve Flach, L. (2005). Foreign Direct Investment and Profit Outflows: A Causality Analysis
For the Brazilian Economy, Economics Bulletin, 6(1), 1-15
Suzuki, Yui (2012). Binding Constraint on Economic Growth Under Exportoriented Industrialization
and Globalization, Applied Economics, 44, 2569–2576
Şimşek, Mevlüdiye ve Behdioğlu, Sema (2006), “Türkiye’de Dolaysız Yabancı Sermaye Yatırımlarının
Ekonomik Büyüme Üzerindeki Etkisi: Uygulamalı Bir Çalışma”, Atatürk Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari
Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 20, 47-65
Tadesse, B. ve M. Ryan (2008). Host Market Characteristics, FDI, and the FDI Trade Relationship,
The Journal of International Trade & Economic Development, 13(2), 199-229
Tarı, R. (2008). Ekonometri, 8. Baskı, Avcı Ofset, İstanbul
Toda, H.Y. ve Yamamoto, T. (1995). Statistical Inference in Vector Autoregressions with Possibly
Integrated Processes, Journal of Econometrics, 66(1-2), 225-250
Westerlund J. and Edgerton, D. (2006). New Improved Tests for Cointegration with Structural Breaks,
Journal of Time Series Analysis, Wiley Blackwell, 28(2), 188-224, 03
Xuan, N. T and Xing, Y. (2008). Foreign Direct İnvestment and Exports, Economics of Transition,
16(2), 183–197
Zafir, C. Z. ve Sezgin, F. H. (2012). Analysis of the Effects of Foreign Direct Investment on the
Financing of Current Account Deficits in Turkey, International Journal of Business and Social
Science, 3(10), 68-78
Zhang, K. H. (2001). How Does Foreign Direct Investment affect Economic Growth in China?
Economics of Transition, 9, 679-693
Mercan, M., & Yurttançıkmaz, Z. Ç. (2013). Doğrudan yabancı yatırımlar-cari işlemler açığı ilişkisi: Türkiye için ampirik bir analiz. Bankacılar, 24(87), 57-78.
AMA
Mercan M, Yurttançıkmaz ZÇ. Doğrudan yabancı yatırımlar-cari işlemler açığı ilişkisi: Türkiye için ampirik bir analiz. Bankacılar. April 2013;24(87):57-78.
Chicago
Mercan, Mehmet, and Ziya Çağlar Yurttançıkmaz. “Doğrudan Yabancı yatırımlar-Cari işlemler açığı ilişkisi: Türkiye için Ampirik Bir Analiz”. Bankacılar 24, no. 87 (April 2013): 57-78.
EndNote
Mercan M, Yurttançıkmaz ZÇ (April 1, 2013) Doğrudan yabancı yatırımlar-cari işlemler açığı ilişkisi: Türkiye için ampirik bir analiz. Bankacılar 24 87 57–78.
IEEE
M. Mercan and Z. Ç. Yurttançıkmaz, “Doğrudan yabancı yatırımlar-cari işlemler açığı ilişkisi: Türkiye için ampirik bir analiz”, Bankacılar, vol. 24, no. 87, pp. 57–78, 2013.
ISNAD
Mercan, Mehmet - Yurttançıkmaz, Ziya Çağlar. “Doğrudan Yabancı yatırımlar-Cari işlemler açığı ilişkisi: Türkiye için Ampirik Bir Analiz”. Bankacılar 24/87 (April 2013), 57-78.
JAMA
Mercan M, Yurttançıkmaz ZÇ. Doğrudan yabancı yatırımlar-cari işlemler açığı ilişkisi: Türkiye için ampirik bir analiz. Bankacılar. 2013;24:57–78.
MLA
Mercan, Mehmet and Ziya Çağlar Yurttançıkmaz. “Doğrudan Yabancı yatırımlar-Cari işlemler açığı ilişkisi: Türkiye için Ampirik Bir Analiz”. Bankacılar, vol. 24, no. 87, 2013, pp. 57-78.
Vancouver
Mercan M, Yurttançıkmaz ZÇ. Doğrudan yabancı yatırımlar-cari işlemler açığı ilişkisi: Türkiye için ampirik bir analiz. Bankacılar. 2013;24(87):57-78.