İTALYA’DA AVRUPA ŞÜPHECİLİĞİ TARTIŞMALARI ÜZERİNE BİR DEĞERLENDİRME

Year 2023, , 65 - 76, 30.06.2023

Özlem Sefer

https://doi.org/10.38120/banusad.1209102

Abstract

Avrupa şüpheciliği, Avrupa Birliği (AB) çalışmalarında özellikle Avro bölgesi krizi sonrasında sıkça vurgu yapılan kavramlardan biri olmuştur. Aşırı-sağ partilerin AB politikalarına karşı argümanları ekonomik kriz ve göçmen kriziyle birlikte yeniden şekillenmiş ve bu argümanlar halkın AB hakkındaki algısını da olumsuz yönde etkilemiştir. İtalya entegrasyon sürecinin başından beri Avrupa taraftarı olan ülkelerden biri olsa da zaman içinde bu durum değişmeye başlamıştır. Bu makalede, İtalya’da, Avrupa taraftarlığı ve Avrupa şüpheciliği, ulusal düzeyde ve AB düzeyinde Avrupa şüphecisi partilerin artması ve halka etkisi çerçevesinde tartışılacaktır. Avrupa şüpheciliği üzerine farklı sınıflandırmalar ve çeşitli bakış açıları bulunmakta olup, bu bakış açıları İtalya örneğine odaklanarak incelenecektir.

Keywords

Avrupa şüpheciliği, İtalya, Avrupa Birliği

References

• Bartlett, J., Birdwell, J. ve McDonnell, D. (2012) “Populism in Europe: Lega Nord”, Demos, https://cadmus.eui.eu/bitstream/handle/1814/26214/Lega_Nord_-_web2012.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y, (14.11.2022).
• BertelsmannStiftung. (t.y.) “Eupinions trends”, https://eupinions.eu/de/trends, (01.11.2022). Brunazzo, M. ve Mascitelli, B. (2020) “At the origin of Italian Euroscepticism”, Australian and New Zealand Journal of European Studies, 12(2): 18-31.
• Conti, N., Di Mauro, D. ve Memoli, V. (2022) “Euroscepticism and populism in Italy among party elites and the public”, Italian Journal of Electoral Studies, 85(1): 25-43.
• De Vries, C. (2020) “Italians want more Europe, not less”, LSE Blog, https://blogs.lse.ac.uk/brexit/2020/06/16/italians-want-more-europe-not-less/, (16.11.2022).
• De Vries, C. ve Hoffmann, I. (2018) “Dissatisfied and Disenchanted: How Italians View European and National Politics?” Eupinions brief, https://eupinions.eu/de/text/dissatisfied-and-disenchanted, (16.11.2022).
• Demeter, M. ve Goyanes, M. (2021) “Antecedents of leaving the European Union: The role of nostalgia and attitudes towards diversity in Spain, Italy and Greece”, Mediterranean Politics, 26(4): 407-429.
• Di Mauro, D. (2014) “Is the Honeymoon Over? Explaining Italian Mass Support and Opposition towards Europe”, Perspectives on European Politics and Society, 15(2): 143-164.
• Dona, A. (2022) “The rise of the Radical Right in Italy: the case of Fratelli d’Italia”, Journal of Modern Italian Studies, 27(5): 775-794.
• European Parliament (t.y.) https://www.europarl.europa.eu/meps/en/search/advanced?euPoliticalGroupBodyRefNum=5588 (12.11.2022).
• Identity and Democracy (t.y.) https://www.idgroup.eu, (14.11.2022).
• Kopecky, P. ve Mudde, C. (2002) “The Two Sides of Euroscepticism: Party Positions on European Integration in East Central Europe”, European Union Politics, 3(3): 297-326.
• Lucarelli, S. (2015) “Italy and the EU: From True Love to Disenchantment?”, Journal of Common Market Studies, 53(1): 40-60.
• Morini, M. (2018) “From national and Lega Nord: Two stories of the same Euroscepticism”, European Politics and Society, 19(1): 1-19.
• Pasquinnucci, D. (2022) “From narrative to counter-narrative: The European constraint and the rise of Italian populist Euroscepticism”, Journal of Contemporary European Studies, 30(1): 29-51. Pirro, A., Taggart, P. ve Van Kessel, S. (2018) “The populist politics of Euroscepticism in times of crisis: Comparative conclusions”, Politics, 38(3): 378-390.
• European Commission (Spring 2018) “Standard Eurobarometer 89. Public Opinion in the European Union, First Results.” https://webgate.ec.europa.eu/ebsm/api/public/deliverable/download?doc=true&deliverableId=66384, (16.1.2022).
• European Commission (Autumn 2019) “Standard Eurobarometer 92. Public Opinion in the European Union, First Results.” https://webgate.ec.europa.eu/ebsm/api/public/deliverable/download?doc=true&deliverableId=71659, (16.11.2022).
• European Commission (Summer 2020) “Standard Eurobarometer 93. Public Opinion in the European Union.” https://webgate.ec.europa.eu/ebsm/api/public/deliverable/download?doc=true&deliverableId=73627, (16.11.2022).
• European Commission (Winter 2021-2022) “Standard Eurobarometer 96.. Public Opinion in the European Union, First Results.” https://webgate.ec.europa.eu/ebsm/api/public/deliverable/download?doc=true&deliverableId=81214, (16.11.2022).
• Taggart, P. ve Szczerbiak, A. (2002) “Europeanisation, euroscepticism and party systems: party-based euroscepticism in the candidate states of Central and Eastern Europe”, Perspectives on European Politics and Society. 3(1): 23-41.
• Vasilopoulou, S. (2009) “Varieties of Euroscepticism: The Case of the European Extreme Right”, Journal of Contemporary European Research, 5(1): 3-23.
• Vasilopoulou, S. (2017) “Theory, Concepts and Research Design in the Study of Euroscepticism”. Leruth, B., Startin, N. ve Usherwood, S.(Eds.) The Routledge Handbook of Euroscepticism. (ss. 22-35). London, Routledge.
• Yıldırım, Y. (2021) “İtalya’nın Bitmeyen Siyasal Krizlerinde M5S, Lega ve PD Dönemi”, SİYASAL: Journal of Political Sciences, 30(1): 89–108.