CONDITIONS OF ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY INTEGRATION FOR SUSTAINABILITY: THE POLITICS of MULTIPLE DIVIDENDS at LOCAL GOVERNMENT LEVEL in TURKEY

Year 2021, Volume: 4 Issue: 2, 1 - 20, 31.12.2021

Gökhan Orhan

https://doi.org/10.38120/banusad.1012754

Abstract

The interdependent nature of environmental problems entails a number of challenges for policy-makers. Although sustainability has been a major policy goal endorsed all around the world, environmental problems have “sustained” and have not sufficiently been resolved. Problems behind this partial failure partly stem from policy implementation in a multilevel and interdependent policy environment. Prevalence of institutionalised ideas and discourses on environment and development contribute to a pattern of path dependence, which contributes to problems in the integration of environmental concerns into other policy areas. This paper aims to focus on environmental policy integration (EPI), a widely recommended but rarely implemented policy principle and aims to identify conditions of EPI at local level climate governance in Turkey. Departing from successful EPI experiences of certain Turkish municipalities’, this paper describes the conditions of local level EPI in a single country case. The existence of multiple dividends, availability of technological fixes and involvement of international players contribute to attainment of EPI despite prevalence of institutionalised barriers.

Supporting Institution

Scientific Research Projects Coordination Unit of Bandırma Onyedi Eylül University

Project Number

Project No: BAP-19-1009-060

References

• Franzle, O. (2001) “Alexander von Humboldt's holistic world view and modern inter- and transdisciplinary ecological research” Northeastern Naturalist Vol. 8 Special Issue I, 57-90.
• Hertin, J & F. Berkhout (2003) “Analysing Institutional Strategies for Environmental Policy Integration: The Case of EU Enterprise Policy” Journal of Environmental Policy & Planning, Vol. 5, No. 1, 39–56.
• IPCC (2014) ADP Technical Expert Meeting:Urban Environment Statement by Renate Christ Secretary of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Bonn 10 June 2014 https://www.ipcc.ch/pdf/unfccc/sbsta40/140610_urban_environment_Christ.pdf
• IPCC (2014a) IPCC Working Group II Annal Report 5 Chapter 8 http://www.ipcc-wg2.gov/AR5/images/uploads/WGIIAR5-Chap8_FGDall.pdf Accessed April, 15, 2015.
• İzmir BŞB. Yürütülen Projeler, Erişim tarihi 29.9.2018 https://www.izmir.bel.tr/tr/YurutulenProjeler/134/67 (2018).
• İzmir BŞB. Green Re-vision: A Framework for the Resilient Cities Projesi başladı. Erişim tarihi 27.9.2018 http://skpo.izmir.bel.tr/DuyuruDetay.aspx?ID=120 (2017).
• Jordan ,A. and A. Lenschow (2010) “Environmental Policy Integration: A State of the Art Review” Environmental Policy and Governance. (20), 147–158.
• Lafferty, W.& E. Hovden (2003): Environmental policy integration:towards an analytical framework, Environmental Politics, 12:3, 1-22
• OECD (1995) Environmental Principles and Concepts - OCDE/GD(95)124 (Paris: OECD)
• Orhan, G. (2003) "Leviathan Against Democracy: Implementation of Sustainable Development in Turkey” Unpublished PhD Thesis, Department of Government, University of Essex.
• Orhan, G. (2004) “Centralised Regulation, Involvement of Local People, Leadership of Key Policy Actors or All? Conditions of Successful Environmental Policy Integration in Turkey” 2004 Berlin Conference on the Human Dimension of Global Environmental Change: Greening of Policies - Policy Integration and Interlinkages, December 3-4, 2004, Freie Universität Berlin, Germany.
• Orhan, Gökhan (2010) “Reorganisation of Environmental Buraucracy in Turkey: Strategies for Policy Integration or Sustaining Business as Usual” 2010 Berlin Conference on the Social Dimension of Global Environmental Change October 8-9, 2010, Freie Universität Berlin, Germany.
• Orhan, Gökhan (2019) “Local Meets Global in Earth System Governance: Collaboration of Local Governments and International Agencies in Climate Change Adaptation and Mitigation in Turkey” BANÜSAD, 2019; 2(2), 204-215
• UN (1992) Earth Summit - Agenda 21: The UN Programme of Action from Rio. New York: UN Publications
• UN Environment (2019). Global Environment Outlook – GEO-6: Healthy Planet, Healthy People. Nairobi. DOI 10.1017/9781108627146.
• UNDP (undated) Terms of Reference (ToR) for International Sector Specialist to support the Thematic Task Force on SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY PRODUCTION (Ref: UNDP-SD-ISS-ST).
• UNDP (2006) Integration of Sustainable Development into Sectoral Policies, available from http://www.undp.org.tr/Gozlem2.aspx?WebSayfaNo=98 accessed May 31, 2012.
• WCED (1987) Our Common Future. Oxford, Oxford University Press.