DENİZLERİ ŞEKİLLENDİRMEK: JEOMÜHENDİSLİĞİN ULUSLARARASI DENİZ HUKUKU İLE DANSI

Year 2026, Volume: 12 Issue: 1, 49 - 81, 05.02.2026

Berkant Akkuş

Abstract

Jeomühendislik, iklim değişikliğiyle mücadele etmek için Dünya’nın doğal sistemlerine kasıtlı olarak büyük çapta müdahale edilmesi anlamına gelir ve deniz hukuku ile ilgili önemli yasal ve düzenleyici zorluklar ortaya çıkarır. Bu makale, jeomühendislik ile deniz hukuku kesişimini inceleyerek, Birleşmiş Milletler Deniz Hukuku Sözleşmesi (BMDHS) kapsamında mevcut hukuk sisteminin bu yeni teknolojileri nasıl ele aldığını analiz etmektedir. Okyanus gübrelemesi ve yapay yükselme gibi jeomühendislik faaliyetlerinin deniz biyolojik çeşitliliği ve ekosistemler üzerindeki potansiyel çevresel etkilerini araştırır. Ayrıca, makale, uluslararası deniz hukukunda yer alan ihtiyat ile çevre koruma ilkelerini ve bunların jeomühendislik uygulamalarına nasıl uygulandığını tartışır. Mevcut yasal araçlar ve uluslararası anlaşmaların kapsamlı bir incelemesi yoluyla, bu çalışma denizde jeomühendisliğin düzenlenmesindeki boşlukları ve belirsizlikleri vurgular. Ayrıca, deniz ortamlarının ve kıyı devletlerinin haklarının korunması ile yeniliği dengeleyerek jeomühendislik teknolojilerinin güvenli ve sürdürülebilir bir şekilde uygulanmasını sağlayacak uyumlu bir hukuk sisteminin geliştirilmesi için öneriler sunar. Bu makale, iklim değişikliğiyle mücadele ve okyanusta yeni teknolojik müdahalelerin yönetilmesinde uluslararası hukukun rolü üzerine devam eden tartışmalara katkıda bulunmayı amaçlamaktadır.

Keywords

Deniz hukuku , İklim jeomühendisliği , Deniz çevresinin korunması

SHAPING THE SEAS: THE DANCE OF GEOENGINEERING AND INTERNATIONAL LAW OF THE SEA

Abstract

Geoengineering, the deliberate large-scale intervention in the Earth’s natural systems to counteract climate change, poses significant legal and regulatory challenges, particularly concerning the law of the sea. This article examines the intersection of geoengineering and the law of the sea, analyzing how existing legal frameworks under the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS) address these emerging technologies. It explores the potential environmental impacts of geoengineering activities, such as ocean fertilization and artificial upwelling, on marine biodiversity and ecosystems. Furthermore, the article discusses the principles of precaution and environmental protection enshrined in international environmental law and how they apply to geoengineering practices. Through a comprehensive review of current legal instruments and international agreements, this study highlights the gaps and ambiguities in the regulation of geoengineering at sea. It also proposes recommendations for developing a cohesive legal framework that ensures the safe and sustainable deployment of geoengineering technologies, balancing innovation with the protection of marine environments and the rights of coastal states. This article aims to contribute to the ongoing discourse on climate change mitigation and the role of international law in governing novel technological interventions in the ocean.

Keywords

Law of the sea , Climate geoengineering , Marine environmental protection

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