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Evaluation of Ethnobotanical Studies Done in Ankara on Covid-19 Pandemic

Year 2021, Volume: 2 Issue: 3, 20 - 55, 24.10.2021
https://doi.org/10.53445/batd.934107

Abstract

The Covid-19 pandemi was declared by the World Health Organization (WHO) in 2019, has caused a high rate of death. Many vaccine and drug development studies continue against coronaviruses, particularly on SARS-CoV-2. The plants have been used for centuries as folk medicine and food in traditional medicine. Antiviral activity studies are also studied on some plant extracts or their active compounds with the mentioned viruses. At present, traditional medicines can act as a short-term alternative for treating diseases caused by coronaviruses. This review consists of 2 steps. First, ethnobotanical studies from different districts of Ankara province, such as Altindag-Baglum-Kiliclar; Beypazari-Ayas-Gudul; Cubuk Stream and Tatlar; Gudul, Haymana, Polatli (Avsar-Sabanözü-Cile Mountain) and Yenimahalle-Kazan are scanned and the active plants are chosen. Then the plants having activity against RNA viruses were reviewed. The data is examined and the plants which are effective against RNA viruses in Ankara province are shown in Tables.

References

  • Aanouza, I., Belhassana, A., El-Khatabia, K., Lakhlifia, T., El-ldrissia, M., & Bouachrinea, M. (2020). Moroccan medicinal plants as inhibitors against SARS-CoV-2 main protease: Computational investigations. Journal of Biomolecular Structure and Dynamics, 1-9. https://DOI:10.1080/07391102.2020.1758790.
  • Akdağ, E. (2019). Çubuk Çayı- Tatlar arasında kalan bölgenin florası ve etnobotanik özelliklerinin araştırılması. Ankara Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Biyoloji Anabilim Dalı, Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Ankara.
  • Ayandın, H. (2010). Avşar, Şabanözü ve Çile Dağı (Polatlı/Ankara) arasında kalan bölgenin etnobotanik özellikleri. T.C. Selçuk Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Biyoloji Anabilim Dalı, Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Konya.
  • Batiha, G.E., Beshbishy, A.M., Wasef, L.G., Elewa, Y.H.A., Al-Sagan, A.A., Abd El Hack, M.E., Taha, A.E., Abd Elhakim, Y.M., & Devkota, H.P. (2020).Chemical constituents and pharmacological activities of Garlic (Allium sativum L.): A Review. Nutrients. 12, 872-93. https://DOI: 10.3390/nu 12030872.
  • Blank, D.E., Hübner, S.O., Alves, G.H., Cardoso, C.A.L., Freitag, R.A., & Cleff, M.B. (2019). Chemical composition and antiviral effect of extracts of Origanum vulgare. Advances in Bioscience and Biotechnology. 10, 188-96. https://DOI: 10.4236/abb.2019.107014.
  • CDC (2020), Novel Coronavirus (2019). Wuhan, China. https://www.cdc.gov Erişim: Temmuz- 2020.
  • Cyranoski, D. (2020). Asya Pasifik, Bir katilin profili: Koronavirüs pandemisine güç veren karmaşık biyoloji. Nature Dergisi, https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-020-01315-7.
  • Elçi, B., & Erik, S. (2006). Güdül (Ankara) ve çevresinin etnobotanik özellikleri. Hacettepe Üniversitesi, Eczacılık Fakültesi Dergisi, 26 (2), 57-64.
  • Fehr, A.R., & Perlman, S. Coronaviruses: An overview of their replication and pathogenesis (Chapter 1). Maier et al (eds.), Coronaviruses: Methods and protocols, Methods in Moleculer Biology, 1282, 1–23, New York 2015. https://DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-2438-7-1
  • Geller, C., Varbanov, M., & Duval, R.E. (2012). Human coronaviruses: insights into environmental resistance and its influence on the development of new antiseptic strategies. Viruses, 4 (11), 3044–68. htps://DOI:10.3390/v4113044.
  • Graham, R.L., Baric, R.S. (2020). SARS-CoV-2: Combating Coronavirus emergence. Journal pre-proof (accepted). https://DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2020.04.016.
  • Groneberg, D.A., Hilgenfeld, R., & Zabel, P. (2005). Molecular mechanisms of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS). Respiratory Research, 6 (8), 1-16 (2005). https://DOI:10.1186/1465-9921-6-8.
  • Güçlü, İ., & Yüksel, V. (2017). Fitoterapide antiviral bitkiler. Deneysel Tıp Dergisi, 7, 13.
  • İlbay, S. Toplum kaynaklı solunum yolu koronavirüsleri (Community-acquired respiratory coronaviruses,CAR-CoV). http://www.cocukenfeksiyondernegi.org/upload/MevsimselKoronavirusler.pdf Erişim: 21.3.2021
  • Kaewprom, K., Chen, Y., Lin, C., Chiou, M., & Lin, C. (2017). Antiviral activity of Thymus vulgaris and Nepeta cataria hydrosols against porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus. Phai J Vet Med. 47 (1), 25-33.
  • Kaya, A. (2011). Tıbbi bitkiler ve etnobotanik çalışmalar. Bitkilerle Tedavi Sempozyumu Bildiri Kitabı, 5-6 Haziran 2010 Zeytinburnu, İstanbul.
  • Kim, H.Y., Eo, E.Y., Park, H., Kim, Y.C., Park, S., Shin, H.J., & Kim, K. (2010). Medicinal herbal extracts of Sophorae radix, Acanthopanacis cortex, Sanguisorbae radix and Torilis fructus inhibit coronavirus replication in vitro. Antiviral Ther. 15, 697–709.
  • Kotwal , G.J., Kaczmarek, J.N., Leivers, S., Ghebremariam, Y.T., Kulkarni, A.P., Bauer, G., De Beer, C., Preiser, W., & Mohamed, A.R. (2005). Anti-HIV, anti-poxvirus, and anti-SARS activity of a nontoxic, acidic plant extract from the Trifollium species Secomet-V/anti-vac suggests that it contains a novel broad-spectrum antiviral. Ann NY Acad Sci., 1056 (1), 293-302. DOI: 10.1196/annals.1352.014.
  • Lans, C., Turner, N., Khan, T., Brauer, G., & Boepple, W. (2007). Ethnoveterinary medicines used for ruminants in British Columbia, Canada. Journal of Ethnobiology and Ethnomedicine, 3, 11. https://DOI: 10.1186/1746-4269-3-11.
  • Lelesius, R., Karpovaite, A., Mickiene, R., Drevinskas, T., Tiso, N., Ragazinskiene. O., Kubiliene, L., Maruska, A., & Solomskas, A. (2019). In vitro antiviral activity of fifteen plant extracts against avian infectious bronchitis virüs. BMC Veterinary Research, 15, 178-88. https://DOI:10.1186/s12917-019-1925-6.
  • Li, S., Chen,C., Zhang, H., Guo, H., Wang, H., Wang, L., Zhang, X., Hua, S., Yu, J., Xiao, P., Li, R., & Tan, X. (2020). Identification of natural compounds with antiviral activities against SARS-associated coronavirus. PMC, 1-11.
  • Loizzo, M.R., Saabb, A.M., Tundisa, R., Stattia, G.A., Menichinia, F., Lamprontic, I., Gambarid, R., Cinatle, J., & Doerre, H.W. (2008). Phytochemical analysis and in vitro antiviral activities of the essential oils of seven Lebanon Species. Chemistry & Biodiversity, 5, 461-70.
  • Mani, J.S., Johnson, J.B., Steel, J.C., Broszczak, D.A., Neilsen, P.M., Walsh, K.B., & Naiker, M. (2020). Natural product-derived phytochemicals as potential agents against coronaviruses: A review, Virus Res., 15, 284. https://DOI: 10.1016/j.viruses.2020.197989.
  • Mehrbud, P., Amini,E., & Tavassoti-Kheiri, M. (2009). Antiviral activity of Garlic extract on influenza virus, Iranian Journal of Virology. 3 (1), 19-23.
  • Sanjay, K. S., Patel, L. J., & Kalia, V.C. (2020). Deploying biomolecules as anti-COVID-19 agents. Indian J. Microbiol, 60 (3), 263-68. https://DOI:10.1007/s12088-020-00893-4.
  • Sarper, F., Akaydın, G., Şimşek, I., & Yeşilada, E. (2009). An ethnobotanical field survey in the Haymana district of Ankara province in Turkey. Turkish J.Biol., 33, 79-88.
  • Sezik, E., Yeşilada, E., Honda, G., Takaishi, Y., Takeda, Y., & Tanaka, Y. (2001). Traditional medicine in Turkey X. folk medicine in central Anatolia. J.of Ethnopharmacology, 75, 95-115.
  • Strephonsays.com. Alpha, beta, gama ve delta coronavirus arasındaki fark. https://tr.strephonsays.com/alpha-beta-gamma-and-delta-coronavirus-14851 Erişim: 20.3.2021
  • Şekeroğlu, N., & Gezici, S. (2020). Koronavirüs pandemisi ve Türkiye’nin bazı şifalı bitkileri. Anadolu Kliniği Tıp Bilimleri Dergisi, 25, 1.
  • Şimşek, I., Aytekin, F., Yeşilada, E., & Yıldırım, Ş. (2004). An ethnobotanical survey of the Beypazarı, Ayas and Güdül district towns of Ankara province (Turkey). Economic Botany, 58 (4), 705-20.
  • The New York Times (2020). How bad will the coronavirus outbreak get? https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2020/world/asia/china-coronavirus contain.html Erişim: Temmuz- 2020
  • Ulaşlı, M., Gürses, S.A., Bayraktar, R., Yumrutas, Ö., Öztuzcu, S., Iğci, M., Iğci, Y.Z., Cakmak, E.A., & Arslan, A. (2014). The effects of Nigella sativa (Ns), Anthemis hyalina (Ah) and Citrus sinensis (Cs) extracts on the replication of coronavirus and the expression of TRP genes family. Mol Biol Rep 41, 1703-1711. https://DOI 10.1007/s11033-014-3019-7.
  • Wertheim J.O., Chu D.K., Peiris J.S., Kosakovsky Pond S.L., & Poon L.L. (2013). A case for the ancient origin of coronaviruses. Journal of Virology, 87 (12), 7039-45. DOI:10.1128/JVI.03273-12.
  • WHO. (2003). Summary table of SARS cases by country, 1 Kasım 2002–7 Ağustos2003 https://web.archive.org/web/20131028210538/http://www.who.int/csr/sars/country/2003_08_15/en/index.html Erişim: Temmuz- 2020.
  • WHO. (2017). Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV). https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/medicine-and-dentistry/middle-east-respiratory-syndrome-coronavirus Erişim: Temmuz- 2020
  • Woo, P.C., Lau, S.K., Lam, C.S., Lau, C.C., Tsang, A.K., Lau, J.H., Bai, R., Teng, J.L., Tsang, C.C., Wang, M., Zheng, B.J., Chan, K.H., & Yuen, K.Y. (2012). Discovery of seven novel Mammalian and avian coronaviruses in the genus deltacoronavirus supports bat coronaviruses as the gene source of alphacoronavirus and betacoronavirus and avian coronaviruses as the gene source of gammacoronavirus and deltacoronavirus. Journal of Virology, 86 (7), 3995-4008. https://DOI: 10.1128/JVI.06540-11.
  • Worldometers (2021). Covid-19 Coronavirus pandemic, last updated. https://www.worldometers.info/coronavirus/ Erişim: 17.03.2021
  • Yook, H., Kim, K., Park, J., & Shin, H. (2010). Antioxidative and antiviral properties of flowering cherry fruits (Prunus serrulata L. var. spontanea). The American Journal of Chinese Medicine. 38, 5 , 937-48. DOI: 10.1142/S0192415X10008366.
  • Yuen, K., Ye, Z., Fung, S., Chan, C., & Jin, D. (2020). SARS‑CoV‑2 and COVID‑19: The most important research questions. Cell Biosci., 10, 40, 1-5. https://DOI:10.1186/s13578-020-00404-4.

Ankara İlinde Yapılan Etnobotanik Çalışmaların, Covid-19 Pandemisi Üzerinde Değerlendirilmesi

Year 2021, Volume: 2 Issue: 3, 20 - 55, 24.10.2021
https://doi.org/10.53445/batd.934107

Abstract

Dünya Sağlık Örgütü (DSÖ) tarafından 2019 yılında ilan edilen Kovit-19 pandemisi, yüksek oranda ölüme neden olmuştur. Koronavirüslere, özellikle SARS-CoV-2’ ye karşı birçok aşı ve ilaç geliştirme çalışması devam etmektedir. Geleneksel tıpta, yüzyıllardır kullanılmakta olan halk ilacı ve gıda olarak bitkilerden elde edilen ekstraktları ya da etken maddeleri üzerinde sözü edilen virüslerle ilgili olarak yapılmış aktivite çalışmaları da mevcuttur. Bu süreçte, doğal ilaçlar, koronavirüs kaynaklı antiviral hastalıkların tedavisinde kısa vadeli alternatif olarak etki gösterebilirler. Bu derlemede iki aşamalı araştırma yapılmıştır. Bunlardan biri Ankara ilinin Altındağ-Bağlum-Kılıçlar; Beypazarı-Ayaş-Güdül; Çubuk Çayı-Tatlar arası; Güdül, Haymana, Polatlı (Avşar-Şabanözü- Çile Dağı) ve Yenimahalle-Kazan bölgelerinde yapılan etnobotanik çalışmalar sonunda yayımlanmış bitkilerin derlenmesi olmuştur. Daha sonra, antiviral çalışmalardan; RNA virüslerine karşı etkili olanlar belirlenmiştir. Her iki aşama sonucunda elde edilen bulgular, Ankara bölgesinde yapılan etnobotanik çalışmalar esas alınarak RNA virüslere karşı etkili olan bitkiler tablo halinde gösterilmiştir.

References

  • Aanouza, I., Belhassana, A., El-Khatabia, K., Lakhlifia, T., El-ldrissia, M., & Bouachrinea, M. (2020). Moroccan medicinal plants as inhibitors against SARS-CoV-2 main protease: Computational investigations. Journal of Biomolecular Structure and Dynamics, 1-9. https://DOI:10.1080/07391102.2020.1758790.
  • Akdağ, E. (2019). Çubuk Çayı- Tatlar arasında kalan bölgenin florası ve etnobotanik özelliklerinin araştırılması. Ankara Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Biyoloji Anabilim Dalı, Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Ankara.
  • Ayandın, H. (2010). Avşar, Şabanözü ve Çile Dağı (Polatlı/Ankara) arasında kalan bölgenin etnobotanik özellikleri. T.C. Selçuk Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Biyoloji Anabilim Dalı, Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Konya.
  • Batiha, G.E., Beshbishy, A.M., Wasef, L.G., Elewa, Y.H.A., Al-Sagan, A.A., Abd El Hack, M.E., Taha, A.E., Abd Elhakim, Y.M., & Devkota, H.P. (2020).Chemical constituents and pharmacological activities of Garlic (Allium sativum L.): A Review. Nutrients. 12, 872-93. https://DOI: 10.3390/nu 12030872.
  • Blank, D.E., Hübner, S.O., Alves, G.H., Cardoso, C.A.L., Freitag, R.A., & Cleff, M.B. (2019). Chemical composition and antiviral effect of extracts of Origanum vulgare. Advances in Bioscience and Biotechnology. 10, 188-96. https://DOI: 10.4236/abb.2019.107014.
  • CDC (2020), Novel Coronavirus (2019). Wuhan, China. https://www.cdc.gov Erişim: Temmuz- 2020.
  • Cyranoski, D. (2020). Asya Pasifik, Bir katilin profili: Koronavirüs pandemisine güç veren karmaşık biyoloji. Nature Dergisi, https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-020-01315-7.
  • Elçi, B., & Erik, S. (2006). Güdül (Ankara) ve çevresinin etnobotanik özellikleri. Hacettepe Üniversitesi, Eczacılık Fakültesi Dergisi, 26 (2), 57-64.
  • Fehr, A.R., & Perlman, S. Coronaviruses: An overview of their replication and pathogenesis (Chapter 1). Maier et al (eds.), Coronaviruses: Methods and protocols, Methods in Moleculer Biology, 1282, 1–23, New York 2015. https://DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-2438-7-1
  • Geller, C., Varbanov, M., & Duval, R.E. (2012). Human coronaviruses: insights into environmental resistance and its influence on the development of new antiseptic strategies. Viruses, 4 (11), 3044–68. htps://DOI:10.3390/v4113044.
  • Graham, R.L., Baric, R.S. (2020). SARS-CoV-2: Combating Coronavirus emergence. Journal pre-proof (accepted). https://DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2020.04.016.
  • Groneberg, D.A., Hilgenfeld, R., & Zabel, P. (2005). Molecular mechanisms of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS). Respiratory Research, 6 (8), 1-16 (2005). https://DOI:10.1186/1465-9921-6-8.
  • Güçlü, İ., & Yüksel, V. (2017). Fitoterapide antiviral bitkiler. Deneysel Tıp Dergisi, 7, 13.
  • İlbay, S. Toplum kaynaklı solunum yolu koronavirüsleri (Community-acquired respiratory coronaviruses,CAR-CoV). http://www.cocukenfeksiyondernegi.org/upload/MevsimselKoronavirusler.pdf Erişim: 21.3.2021
  • Kaewprom, K., Chen, Y., Lin, C., Chiou, M., & Lin, C. (2017). Antiviral activity of Thymus vulgaris and Nepeta cataria hydrosols against porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus. Phai J Vet Med. 47 (1), 25-33.
  • Kaya, A. (2011). Tıbbi bitkiler ve etnobotanik çalışmalar. Bitkilerle Tedavi Sempozyumu Bildiri Kitabı, 5-6 Haziran 2010 Zeytinburnu, İstanbul.
  • Kim, H.Y., Eo, E.Y., Park, H., Kim, Y.C., Park, S., Shin, H.J., & Kim, K. (2010). Medicinal herbal extracts of Sophorae radix, Acanthopanacis cortex, Sanguisorbae radix and Torilis fructus inhibit coronavirus replication in vitro. Antiviral Ther. 15, 697–709.
  • Kotwal , G.J., Kaczmarek, J.N., Leivers, S., Ghebremariam, Y.T., Kulkarni, A.P., Bauer, G., De Beer, C., Preiser, W., & Mohamed, A.R. (2005). Anti-HIV, anti-poxvirus, and anti-SARS activity of a nontoxic, acidic plant extract from the Trifollium species Secomet-V/anti-vac suggests that it contains a novel broad-spectrum antiviral. Ann NY Acad Sci., 1056 (1), 293-302. DOI: 10.1196/annals.1352.014.
  • Lans, C., Turner, N., Khan, T., Brauer, G., & Boepple, W. (2007). Ethnoveterinary medicines used for ruminants in British Columbia, Canada. Journal of Ethnobiology and Ethnomedicine, 3, 11. https://DOI: 10.1186/1746-4269-3-11.
  • Lelesius, R., Karpovaite, A., Mickiene, R., Drevinskas, T., Tiso, N., Ragazinskiene. O., Kubiliene, L., Maruska, A., & Solomskas, A. (2019). In vitro antiviral activity of fifteen plant extracts against avian infectious bronchitis virüs. BMC Veterinary Research, 15, 178-88. https://DOI:10.1186/s12917-019-1925-6.
  • Li, S., Chen,C., Zhang, H., Guo, H., Wang, H., Wang, L., Zhang, X., Hua, S., Yu, J., Xiao, P., Li, R., & Tan, X. (2020). Identification of natural compounds with antiviral activities against SARS-associated coronavirus. PMC, 1-11.
  • Loizzo, M.R., Saabb, A.M., Tundisa, R., Stattia, G.A., Menichinia, F., Lamprontic, I., Gambarid, R., Cinatle, J., & Doerre, H.W. (2008). Phytochemical analysis and in vitro antiviral activities of the essential oils of seven Lebanon Species. Chemistry & Biodiversity, 5, 461-70.
  • Mani, J.S., Johnson, J.B., Steel, J.C., Broszczak, D.A., Neilsen, P.M., Walsh, K.B., & Naiker, M. (2020). Natural product-derived phytochemicals as potential agents against coronaviruses: A review, Virus Res., 15, 284. https://DOI: 10.1016/j.viruses.2020.197989.
  • Mehrbud, P., Amini,E., & Tavassoti-Kheiri, M. (2009). Antiviral activity of Garlic extract on influenza virus, Iranian Journal of Virology. 3 (1), 19-23.
  • Sanjay, K. S., Patel, L. J., & Kalia, V.C. (2020). Deploying biomolecules as anti-COVID-19 agents. Indian J. Microbiol, 60 (3), 263-68. https://DOI:10.1007/s12088-020-00893-4.
  • Sarper, F., Akaydın, G., Şimşek, I., & Yeşilada, E. (2009). An ethnobotanical field survey in the Haymana district of Ankara province in Turkey. Turkish J.Biol., 33, 79-88.
  • Sezik, E., Yeşilada, E., Honda, G., Takaishi, Y., Takeda, Y., & Tanaka, Y. (2001). Traditional medicine in Turkey X. folk medicine in central Anatolia. J.of Ethnopharmacology, 75, 95-115.
  • Strephonsays.com. Alpha, beta, gama ve delta coronavirus arasındaki fark. https://tr.strephonsays.com/alpha-beta-gamma-and-delta-coronavirus-14851 Erişim: 20.3.2021
  • Şekeroğlu, N., & Gezici, S. (2020). Koronavirüs pandemisi ve Türkiye’nin bazı şifalı bitkileri. Anadolu Kliniği Tıp Bilimleri Dergisi, 25, 1.
  • Şimşek, I., Aytekin, F., Yeşilada, E., & Yıldırım, Ş. (2004). An ethnobotanical survey of the Beypazarı, Ayas and Güdül district towns of Ankara province (Turkey). Economic Botany, 58 (4), 705-20.
  • The New York Times (2020). How bad will the coronavirus outbreak get? https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2020/world/asia/china-coronavirus contain.html Erişim: Temmuz- 2020
  • Ulaşlı, M., Gürses, S.A., Bayraktar, R., Yumrutas, Ö., Öztuzcu, S., Iğci, M., Iğci, Y.Z., Cakmak, E.A., & Arslan, A. (2014). The effects of Nigella sativa (Ns), Anthemis hyalina (Ah) and Citrus sinensis (Cs) extracts on the replication of coronavirus and the expression of TRP genes family. Mol Biol Rep 41, 1703-1711. https://DOI 10.1007/s11033-014-3019-7.
  • Wertheim J.O., Chu D.K., Peiris J.S., Kosakovsky Pond S.L., & Poon L.L. (2013). A case for the ancient origin of coronaviruses. Journal of Virology, 87 (12), 7039-45. DOI:10.1128/JVI.03273-12.
  • WHO. (2003). Summary table of SARS cases by country, 1 Kasım 2002–7 Ağustos2003 https://web.archive.org/web/20131028210538/http://www.who.int/csr/sars/country/2003_08_15/en/index.html Erişim: Temmuz- 2020.
  • WHO. (2017). Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV). https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/medicine-and-dentistry/middle-east-respiratory-syndrome-coronavirus Erişim: Temmuz- 2020
  • Woo, P.C., Lau, S.K., Lam, C.S., Lau, C.C., Tsang, A.K., Lau, J.H., Bai, R., Teng, J.L., Tsang, C.C., Wang, M., Zheng, B.J., Chan, K.H., & Yuen, K.Y. (2012). Discovery of seven novel Mammalian and avian coronaviruses in the genus deltacoronavirus supports bat coronaviruses as the gene source of alphacoronavirus and betacoronavirus and avian coronaviruses as the gene source of gammacoronavirus and deltacoronavirus. Journal of Virology, 86 (7), 3995-4008. https://DOI: 10.1128/JVI.06540-11.
  • Worldometers (2021). Covid-19 Coronavirus pandemic, last updated. https://www.worldometers.info/coronavirus/ Erişim: 17.03.2021
  • Yook, H., Kim, K., Park, J., & Shin, H. (2010). Antioxidative and antiviral properties of flowering cherry fruits (Prunus serrulata L. var. spontanea). The American Journal of Chinese Medicine. 38, 5 , 937-48. DOI: 10.1142/S0192415X10008366.
  • Yuen, K., Ye, Z., Fung, S., Chan, C., & Jin, D. (2020). SARS‑CoV‑2 and COVID‑19: The most important research questions. Cell Biosci., 10, 40, 1-5. https://DOI:10.1186/s13578-020-00404-4.
There are 39 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences
Journal Section Review Articles
Authors

Yelda Akıllıgöz 0000-0001-5299-907X

Ahmet Başaran 0000-0001-8570-9649

Publication Date October 24, 2021
Published in Issue Year 2021 Volume: 2 Issue: 3

Cite

APA Akıllıgöz, Y., & Başaran, A. (2021). Ankara İlinde Yapılan Etnobotanik Çalışmaların, Covid-19 Pandemisi Üzerinde Değerlendirilmesi. Bütünleyici Ve Anadolu Tıbbı Dergisi, 2(3), 20-55. https://doi.org/10.53445/batd.934107

Bütünleyici ve Anadolu Tıbbı Dergisi

Journal of Integrative and Anatolian Medicine