The role of nickel on wear behavior and microstructure of pre-alloyed A356/XNi alloys produced via mechanical alloying method

Abstract

In this study, A356 alloy powders were alloyed with different amounts of Nickel (Ni) by the mechanical alloying (MA) method. Microstructural investigations of A356/XNi alloys based on Ni content were performed with an optical microscope (OM) and scanning electron microscope (SEM), energy dispersive x-ray spectrometers (EDS). Mechanical properties of A356/Ni alloys were evaluated by density, macro hardness, and wear tests. The pre-alloyed A356/XNi alloys were tested via pin-on-disc type wear test apparatus at different loads and sliding distances. Eventually, it was determined that the rate of the Al-Ni and Al-Ni-Fe-containing intermetallic phases formed in the structure at the grain boundaries increased due to the increase in the amount of Ni in the characterization studies (OM, SEM, and EDS). It was determined that the macro hardness decreased by about 10% until the addition of 0.5% Ni but then increased by 23% with 2.0% Ni. In wear tests, the wear rate increases with the increase in wear load. The lowest wear at 10 N load was obtained in A356/2.0%Ni alloy, and the lowest wear at 20 N load was obtained in A356/0.25%Ni alloy. Remarkably, the wear amount becomes more stable with the addition of Ni, especially in wear tests.

Keywords

• A356 alloys
• powder metallurgy
• wear behaviour
• hardness
• microstructure.

Mekanik alaşımlama metoduyla üretilen A356/XNi ön alaşımlarda nikelin mikroyapı ve aşınma davranışı üzerine rolü

Abstract

Bu çalışmada, A356 alaşım tozları mekanik alaşımlama (MA) metoduyla farklı miktarda Nikel (Ni) ile ön alaşımlandırılmıştır. Ni miktarına bağlı ön alaşımlanmış A356/XNi alaşımlarındaki mikroyapısal incelemeler optik mikroskop (OM) ve tarama elektron mikroskobu (SEM), enerji dağılımlı x-ışını spektrometresi (EDS) ile gerçekleştirilmiştir. A356/XNi alaşımların mekanik özellikleri; yoğunluk, makro sertlik ve aşınma testleri ile değerlendirilmiştir. A356X/Ni alaşımları farklı yük ve mesafelerde pin-on disk tipi aşınma test cihazında test edilmiştir. Sonuç olarak karakterizasyon çalışmalarında Ni miktarının artmasına bağlı olarak yapıda oluşan Al-Ni ve Al-Ni-Fe içerikli intermetalik fazlarının tane sınırlarındaki oranının arttığı belirlenmiştir. Makro sertliğin %0,5 Ni ilavesine kadar yaklaşık %10 düştüğü, fakat daha sonra %2,0 Ni ilavesi ile %23 arttığı belirlenmiştir. Aşınma testlerinde aşınma yükünün artması ile hacimsel aşınma miktarı artmaktadır. 10 N da en düşük hacimsel aşınma A356/%2,0Ni alaşımında, 20 N da en düşük hacimsel aşınma A356/%0,25Ni alaşımında elde edilmiştir. Özellikle aşınma testlerinde Ni eklenmesiyle hacimsel aşınma miktarının daha kararlı hale geldiği dikkat çekicidir.

Keywords

• A356 alaşımı
• toz metalurjisi
• aşınma davranışı
• sertlik
• mikroyapı.

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