Taurin katkı maddesinin kalsiyum oksalat kristalizasyonuna etkisi

Abstract

Böbrek taşları dünya nüfusunun % 8-15’ini etkileyen yaygın bir hastalık olup, kalsiyum oksalat kristalleri bu taşların temel bileşenini oluşturmaktadır. Yapılan mevcut çalışmalar kalsiyum oksalat kristallerinin oluşumunun değişik türdeki inorganik, organik ve biyolojik katkı maddelerinin kullanılmasıyla engellenebileceğini ortaya koymuştur. Bu çalışmada, kalsiyum oksalat kristallerinin yapı, morfoloji, tane boyutu, aglomerasyon eğilimleri gibi fiziksel özelliklerinin, taurin katkı maddesi kullanarak değiştirilmesi ve birikiminin engellenmesi amaçlanmaktadır. Bu kapsamda, ilk olarak sulu çözelti ortamında reaktif kristalizasyon yöntemi kullanılarak farklı taurin konsantrasyonunda kalsiyum oksalat kristalleri üretilmiştir. Daha sonra aynı deneyler sentetik üre ortamında gerçekleştirilmiştir. XRD ve FTIR analiz sonuçları, sulu çözelti ortamında üretilen kalsiyum oksalat kristallerinin termodinamik olarak en kararlı form olan monoklinik kalsiyum oksalat monohidrat (COM) yapısında olduğunu, sentetik üre ortamında elde edilen kristallerin ise tetragonal yapıdaki kalsiyum oksalat dihidrat (COD) kristalleri olduğunu göstermiştir. Bu sonuç, termogravimetrik analiz sonuçları ile desteklenmiş ve kristallerinin hidrat yapıları doğrulanmıştır. SEM analiz sonuçları, hem sulu çözelti ortamında elde edilen hekzagonal COM kristallerinin hem de sentetik üre ortamında üretilen bipiramidal COD kristallerinin morfolojilerinin ve aglomerasyon eğilimlerinin taurin varlığında değiştiğini göstermiştir. Ayrıca yapılan tane boyutu analiz sonuçları kristallerin tane boyutlarının taurin konsantrasyonunun artışına bağlı olarak önemli ölçüde küçüldüğünü göstermiştir. Sentetik üre ortamında üretilen COD kristallerinin tane boyutu 29 µm iken, bu değer 100 ppm taurin varlığında 11 µm olarak ölçülmüştür. Ayrıca, COM ve COD kristallerin yüzey yükleri zeta potansiyeli analiz yöntemiyle belirlenmiş ve katkı maddesi kullanımı hem COM hem de COD kristallerinin yüzey yüklerinin daha negatif bir değere ulaşmasını sağlamıştır. Bu çalışmanın, böbrek taşının oluşumunun inhibite edilmesi ve yavaşlatılmasına yönelik yapılacak araştırmalara katkı sağlayacağı düşünülmektedir.

Keywords

• Kalsiyum oksalat
• kristalizasyon
• morfoloji
• böbrek taşı
• taurin

Effect of taurine additive on calcium oxalate crystallization

Abstract

Kidney stones are a common disease affecting 8-15% of the world population, and calcium oxalate crystals constitute the main component of these stones. Current studies have shown that the formation of calcium oxalate crystals can be prevented using various types of inorganic, organic and biological additives. This study aims to change the physical properties of calcium oxalate crystals such as structure, morphology, particle size and agglomeration tendency and to prevent their accumulation using taurine as an additive. In this context, calcium oxalate crystals were produced in the absence and presence of three different taurine concentrations using the reactive crystallization method in an aqueous solution media. Then, the same experiments were carried out in synthetic urine. XRD and FTIR analysis results showed that calcium oxalate crystals obtained in aqueous solution were in the form of monoclinic calcium oxalate monohydrate (COM), which is the most thermodynamically stable form, while the crystals obtained in synthetic urine were in the form of tetragonal calcium oxalate dihydrate (COD). This result was supported by thermogravimetric analysis results and the hydrate structures of the crystals were determined. SEM analysis results showed that the morphology and agglomeration tendency of both hexagonal COM crystals obtained in aqueous solution and bipyramidal COD crystals produced in synthetic urine changed in the presence of taurine. The particle size analysis results showed that the size of the crystals decreased significantly depending on the increase in taurine concentration. While the particle size of COD crystals obtained in synthetic urine was 29 µm, this value was 11 µm in the presence of 100 ppm taurine. In addition, the surface charges of COM and COD crystals were determined by zeta potential analysis and it was determined that the use of additive made the surface charges of both COM and COD crystals more negative. In conclusion, we hope this study will contribute to the research to be conducted on inhibiting the formation of kidney stones.

Keywords

• Calcium oxalate
• crystallization
• morphology
• kidney stone
• taurine.

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