Ağır Metaller ve Süs Bitkilerinin Fitoremediasyonda Kullanılabilirliği

Abstract

Son yüzyılda kentleşme, sanayileşme ve dünya nüfusunun hızlı artışı nedeniyle evsel ve endüstriyel üretim ve tüketim koşullarına bağlı olarak oluşan organik ve inorganik zararlı maddeler ekosferin madde bütçesini önemli ölçüde değiştirmiştir. Madencilik, kentsel veya endüstriyel katı, gaz ve sıvı atıkları, pestisit ve yapay gübre kullanımı, boya sanayisi ve araba egzoz gazları doğaya aşırı miktarda ağır metalin salınmasına neden olmaktadır. Ağır metallerin toprakta aşırı birikmesinin sadece toprak verimliliği ve ekosistem fonksiyonları üzerinde değil aynı zamanda besin zinciri yoluyla havyan ve insan sağlığı üzerinde de önemli etkileri vardır. Günümüzde ağır metaller ile kirlenen toprakların temizlenmesinde (fitoremediasyon) hiperakümülatör bitkilerin kullanılması ve bu özelliğe sahip bitkilerin tespit edilmesi önem kazanmaktadır. Bitkilerin ağır metal toksisitesine karşı toleransları bitki türüne, element türüne, strese maruz kalma süresine ve strese maruz kalan doku veya organın yapısına bağlı olarak değişmektedir. Bugüne kadar pek çok bitki remediasyonda kullanılmıştır fakat süs bitkilerinin kirlenmiş toprakların iyileştirilmesinde kullanılması hakkında çok az rapor mevcuttur. Çevresel kirliliğin temizlenmesinde bu bitkilerin kullanılabilirliğinin araştırılması önemli bir temel teşkil edecektir. Bu derlemede, süs bitkilerinin fitoremediasyonda kullanılabilirliği tartışılmıştır

Keywords

• Ağır metaller, süs bitkileri, fitoremediasyon, hiperakümülasyon

Heavy Metals and Potential Availability of Ornamental Plants for Phytoremediation

Abstract

The amount of matter in the ecosphere was significantly changed in the last century by urbanization, industrialization and due to the rapid growth of the world population, depending on the conditions of production and consumption of harmful domestic and industrial organic and inorganic substances. Heavy metal pollution of soils is increasingly becoming a global problem with the development of industry, mining activity, irrigation of wastewater and the application of sewage sludge. Heavy metal accumulation in soils has an important influence not only on the fertility of soils and functions of ecosystem but also on the health of animals and human beings via food chains. Today, the removal of toxic metals from the environment using plants (phytoremediation) has become more important ıssue. The tolerance of plants to heavy metal toxicity depend on element type, the duration of exposure to stress and stress types. Up to now, many plants have been found as remediation plants, but there was little report about ornamental plants that can remedy contaminated soils. Thus, this will provide substantial bases for screening out remediation plants. In this review, the potential availability of ornamental plants forphytoremediation is discussed

Keywords

• Heavy metals, ornamental plants, phytoremediation, hyperaccumulation

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