Improving in vitro seed sprouting on legume of Indigofera zollingeriana stored seed

Yıl 2019, Cilt: 21 Sayı: 2, 791 - 803, 28.06.2019

Siti Maesaroh , Çiğdem Alev Özel

https://doi.org/10.25092/baunfbed.651028

Cited By: 2

Öz

Experimental evidence shows that notable Indonesian forage crop zollinger blue or Indigofera zollingeriana has high seed dormancy that hinders its reproduction on large scale.  This study reports different pre-treatments to break seed dormancy and improve seed germination of I. zollingeriana seeds under in vitro conditions.  Experimental evidence suggest that both mechanical and chemical scarification followed by treatment with constantly agitated liquid 0.11 mg/L GA3 has significant effects on seed germination of the plant. The germinated seeds were cultured on MS medium to aid seedling growth.  The results showed improved germination and raising of the seedlings compared to the treatments; when the seedlings were germinated using sand paper or acid scarified seeds singly. However, acid scarification for longer time affect negatively on germination especially roots.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Forage, gibberelic acid, legumes, mechanical scarification, chemical scarification

Teşekkür

The authors are grateful to Prof. Luki Abdullah, Bogor Agricultural University, for help in give of seeds.

Baklagil bitkisi Indigofera zollingeriana’nın depolanmış tohumların in vitro koşullarda çimlendirilmesi ve geliştirilmesi

Öz

Deneysel çalışmalar, Endonezya’da zollinger mavisi ya da Indigofera zollingeriana olarak bilinen yem bitkisinin üretimini büyük ölçüde engelleyen faktörün yüksek tohum dormansisi olduğunu göstermektedir.  Bu çalışmada farklı ön muameleler ile yüksek tohum dormansisinin kırılması ve in vitro koşullar altında tohum çimlendirilmesinin  geliştirilmesi amaçlanmıştır. Yapılan denemelerde hem mekanik hem de kimyasal muamelesinin birlikte uygulanması sonrası 0.11 mg/L GA3 uygulamasının tohum çimlenmesinde önemli etkisi olduğu sonucuna varılmıştır.  Çimlenen tohumlar MS besin  ortamına alınarak büyümeye bırakılmıştır.  Bu şekilde çimlendirilen tohumlar sadece  zımpara ya da asit muamelesi uygulaması ile çimlendirilen tohumlara göre daha iyi çimlenme göstermiştir.  Bununla birlikte asit uygulama süresinin artması özellikle çimlenen tohumların köklerinde olumsuz etkiye sebep olmuştur.

Anahtar Kelimeler

em, gibberellik asit, baklagil, mekanik aşındırma, kimyasal aşındırma

Kaynakça

• Skerman, P.J., Tropical forage legumes, Food and Agricultural Organization, Rome, (1982).
• Hassen, A., Rethman, N.F.G., Van Niekerk, W.A., and Tjelele, T.J., Influence of season/year and species on chemical composition and in vitro digestibility of five Indigofera accessions, Animal Feed Science Technology, 136, 312-322, (2007).
• Bakasso, S.A., Lamien-Meda, C.E., Lamien, M., Kiendrebeogo, J., Millogo, A.G., and Ouedraogo Nacoulma, O.G., Polyphenol contents and antioxidant activities of five Indigofera species (Fabaceae) from Burkina Faso, Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences, 11, 1429-1435, (2008).
• Wiriadinata, H., Indigofera L. (Papilionaceae) di Indonesia In Ginting, S.P., Prawiradipura, B.R., and Purwantari, N.D., Indigofera sebagai Pakan Ternak, IAARD Press, 9-24, Jakarta, (2012). [in Indonesian Languange]
• Abdullah, L., and Suharlina, Herbage yield and quality of two vegetative parts of indigofera at different times of first regrowth defoliation, Media Peternakan, 33, 1, 44-49, (2010).
• Herdiawan, I., and Sutedi, E., Produktivitas tanaman pakan Indigofera sp. pada tingkat cekaman kekeringan dan interval pemangkasan berbeda, Indonesian Journal of Animal and Veterinary Science, 17, 2, 161-167, (2012).
• Herdiawan, I., Abdullah, L., Sopandie, D., Karti, P.D.M.H., and Hidayati, N., Respon fisiologis tanaman pakan Indigofera zollingeriana pada berbagai tingkat cekaman kekeringan dan interval pemangkasan, Indonesian Journal of Animal and Veterinary Science, 18, 1, 54-62, (2013).
• Akbarillah, T., Kususiyah., Kaharuddin, D., and Hidayat, Tepung daun Indigofera sebagai suplemantasi pakan terhadap produksi dan warna yolk puyuh (Coturnix coturnix japonica), Jurnal Sain Peternakan Indonesia, 3, 1, 20-23, (2008).
• Abdullah, L., Prospektif agronomi dan ekofisiologi Indigofera sebagai tanaman pakan berkualitas tinggi In Ginting, S.P., Prawiradipura, B.R., and Purwantari, N.D., Indigofera sebagai Pakan Ternak, IAARD Press, 47-58., Jakarta, (2012). [in Indonesian Languange]
• Girsang, R.C., Viability of Indigofera (Indigofera zollingeriana) seed after carbon dioxide (CO2) injection and storing, (2017). http://repository.ipb.ac.id/jspui/bitstream/123456789/54853/8/D12rcg.pdf, (26.06.2018).
• Abdullah, L., Girsang, R.C., Putra, N.P., Wiryawan, K.G., and Permana, I.G., Viabilitas, intensitas kontaminasi jamur, dan tinggi hipokotil sebagai respon terhadap modifikasi atmosfer dengan injeksi CO2 selama penyimpanan benih Indigofera zollingeriana In Abdullah, L., Astuti, D.A., and Suharlina, Bunga Rampai Hasil Riset dan Pengembangan Indigofera zollingeriana, IPB Press, 6-13, Bogor, (2016) [in Indonesian language]
• Pradhan, B.K., and Badola, H.K., Seed germination response of populations of Swertia chirayita following periodical storage, Seed Technology, 30, 1, 63-69, (2008).
• Murashige, T., and Skoog, F., A revised medium for rapid growth and bio assays with tobacco tissue cultures, Physiologia Plantarum, 15, 3, 473-497, (1962).
• Snedecor, G.W., and Cochran, W.G., Statistical methods. 6th ed. Oxford and IBH Publishing, New Delhi, (1976).
• Abdullah, L., Prospektif agronomi dan ekofisiologi Indigofera zollingeriana sebagai tanaman penghasil hijauan pakan berkualitas tinggi, Pastura, 3, 2, 79-83, (2014).
• Van Hezewijk, M.J., Van Beem, A.P., Verkleij, J.A.C., and Pieterse, A.H., Germination of Orobanche crenata seeds, as influenced by conditioning temperature and period. Canadian Journal of Botany, 71, 6, 786-792, (1993).
• Müller, E., Cooper, E.J., and Alsos, I.G., Germinability of arctic plants is high in perceived optimal conditions but low in the field, Botany, 89, 5, 337-348, (2011).
• Roberts, E.H., Predicting the storage life of seeds, Seed Science and Technology, 1, 499-514, (1973).
• Vertucci, C.W., and Roos, E.E., Theoretical basis of protocols for seed storage. Plant Physiology, 9, 3, 1019-1023, (1990).
• Vertucci, C.W., and Roos, E.E., Seed moisture content, storage, viability and vigour. Seed Science Research, 1, 277-279, (1991).
• Ellis, R.H., Hong, T.D., and Roberts, E.H., Seed moisture content, storage, viability and vigour, Seed Science Research, 1, 275-277, (1991).
• Ellis, R.H., Hong, T.D., and Roberts, E.H., The low-moisture-content limit to the negative logarithmic relation between seed longevity and moisture content in three subspecies of rice, Annals of Botany, 69, 1, 53-58, (1992).
• Butola, J.S., and Badola, H.K., Effect of pre-sowing treatment on seed germination and seedling vigour in Angelica glauca, a threatened medicinal herb, Current Science, 87, 6, 796-799, (2004a).
• Butola, J.S., and Badola, H.K., Seed germination improvement using chemicals in Heracleum candicans wall, a threatened medicinal herb of Himalaya, Indian Forester, 130, 5, 565-572, (2004b).
• Yang, Q.H., Ye, W.H., Deng, X., Cao, H.L., Zhang, Y., Xu, K.Y., Seed germination eco-physiology of Mikania micrantha H.B.K, Botanical Bulletin. Of Academia Sinica, 46, 4, 293-299, (2005).
• Onyekwelu, J.C., and Fayose, O.J., Effect of storage methods on the germination and proximate composition of Treculia africana seeds [Internet]. Tropentag: University of Kassel-Witzenhausen and University of Göttingen. 2007-[cited 2017 Dec 11].
• Bewley, J.D., and Black, M., Seeds physiology of development and germination, 2nd ed, Plenum Publishing Corporation, Boston, (1994).
• Baskin, J.M., Nan, X., and Baskin, C.C., A comparative study of seed dormancy and germination in an annual and a perennial species of Senna (Fabaceae), Seed Science Research, 8, 501-512, (1998).
• Baskin, J.M., Baskin, C.C., and Li, X., Taxonomy, ecology, and evolution of physical dormancy in seeds, Plant Species Biology,15, 139-152, (2000).
• Baskin, J.M., and Baskin, C.C., Classification, biogeography, and phylogenetic relationships of seed dormancy In Pritchard, H., Seed Conservation: Turning Science into Practice, The Royal Botanic Gardens Press, Kew, (2004).
• Ren, C., and Kermode, A.R., Analyses to determine the role of the megagametophyte and other seed tissues in dormancy maintenance of yellow cedar (Chamaecyparis nootkatensis) seeds: morphological, cellular and physiological changes following moist chilling and during germination, Journal of Experimental Botany, 50, 1403-1419, (1999).
• Ren, C., and Kermode, A.R., An increase in pectin methyl esterase activity accompanies dormancy breakage and germination of yellow cedar seeds, Plant Physiology, 124, 231-242, (2000).
• Schmitz, N., Abrams, S.R., and Kermode, A.R., Changes in abscisic acid content and embryo sensitivity to (+)-abscisic acid during dormancy termination of yellow-cedar seeds, Journal of Experimental Botany, 51, 1159-1162, (2000).
• Schmitz, N., Abrams, S.R., Kermode, A.R., Changes in ABA turnover and sensitivity that accompany dormancy termination of yellow-cedar (Chamaecyparis nootkatensis) seeds, Journal of Experimental Botany, 53, 89-101, (2002).
• Terskikh, V.V., Feurtado, J.A., Ren, C., Abrams, S.R., Kermode, A.R., Water uptake and oil distribution during imbibition of seeds of Western white pine (Pinus monticola Dougl. Ex D. Don) monitored in vivo using magnetic resonance imaging, Planta, 221, 17-27, (2005).
• Roberts, E.H., Seed ageing-the genome and its expression In Nooden, D., and Leopold, A.C., Senescence and Ageing in Plants, Academic Press, 465-598, New York, (1988).
• Adkins, S.W., Loewen, M., Symons, S.J., Variation within pure lines of wild oats (Avena fatua) in relation to degree of primary dormancy, Weed Sciences, 34, 6, 859-864, (1986).
• FAO, Seed toolkit: Seed quality assurance, 111, The Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations and AfrikaSeeds, Rome, (2018).
• Stefanie Kramer, Relationship between tetrazolium and germination test, (2010). https://www.seedtest.org/upload/cms/user/Relationshipbetweentetrazoliumandgerminationtests_StefanieKramer.pdf, (12.01.2019).
• Coimbra, M.C., Castro, A.H.F., Different methods for surface sterilization of Pyrostegia venusta (Ker Gawl.) Miers (Bignoniaceae) leaf explants, Plant Cell Culture and Micropropagation, 12, 2, 34-38, (2016).
• Khawar, K.M., and Ozcan, S., High frequency shoot regeneration from cotyledonary node explants of different lentil (Lens culinaris Medik) genotypes and in vitro micrografting, Biotechnology and Biotechnological Equipment, 16, 1, 12-17, (2002).
• Nwachukwu, C.U., and Edeoga, H.O., Tannins, starch grains and crystals in some species of Indigofera .Leguminosae-Papilionoideae), International Journal of Botany, 2, 159-162, (2006).
• Patel, R.G., and Mankad, A.U., Effect of gibberellins on seed germination of Tithonia rotundifolia Blake, International Journal of Innovative Research in Science, Engineering and Technology, 3, 3, 10680-10684, (2014).
• Desai, A., Panchal, B., Trivedi, A., and Prajapati, D., Studies on seed germination and seedling growth of papaya (Carica papaya L.) CV. madhubindu as influenced by media, GA3 and cow urine under net house condition, Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, 6, 4, 1448-1451, (2017).
• Kermode, A.R., Regulatory mechanisms involved in the transition from seed development to germination, Critical Reviews in Plant Sciences, 9, 155-195, (1990).
• Kermode, A.R., Regulatory mechanisms in the transition from seed development to germination: interactions between the embryo and the seed environment In Kigel, J., and Galili, G., Seed development and germination, Marcel Dekker Inc, 273-332, New York, (1995).
• Meinke, D.W., Molecular genetics of plant embryogenesis, Annual Review of Plant Physiology and Plant Molecular Biology, 46, 369-394, (1995).
• Bewley, J.D., Seed germination and dormancy, Plant Cell, 9, 1055-1066, (1997).
• Taylor, I.B., Sonneveld, T., Bugg, T.D.H., and Thompson, A.J., Regulation and manipulation of the biosynthesis of abscisic acid, including the supply of xanthophyll precursors, Journal of Plant Growth Regulation, 24, 253-273, (2005).
• Xu, N., and Bewley, J.D., Sensitivity to abscisic acid and osmoticum changes during embryogenesis of alfalfa (Medicago sativa), Journal of Experimental Botany, 42, 821-826, (1991).
• Jiang, L., Abrams, S., Kermode, A.R., Vicilin and napin storageprotein gene promoters are responsive to abscisic acid in developing transgenic tobacco seed but lose sensitivity following premature desiccation, Plant Physiology, 110, 1135-1144, (1996).
• Hutchison, J.M., and Ashton, F.M., Effect of desiccation and scarification on the permeability and structure of the seed coat of Cuscuta campestris, American Journal of Botany, 66, 40-46, (1979).
• Hassen, A., Pieterse, P.A., Rethman, N.F.G., Effect of pre-planting seed treatment on dormancy breaking and germination of Indigofera accessions, Tropical Grasslands, 38, 154-157, (2004).
• Hassen, A., Rethman, N.F.G., Van Niekerk, W.A., Effect of different seed treatment options on dormancy breaking germination and emergence of Ziziphus mucronata (Buffalo thorn) seed, Tropical Grassland, 39, 124-128, (2005).
• Hari, N., Warrier, K.C.S., and Gopalakrishnan, P.K., Pre-sowing treatments to promote seed germination in Indigofera tinctoria Linn, (2002). https://www.researchgate.net/publication/281405050_Pre-sowing_Treatments_to_Promote_Seed_Germination_in_Indigofera_tinctoria_Linn, (27.06.2018).
• Balouchi, H.R., and Sanavy, S.A.M.M., Effect of gibberellic acid, pre-chilling, sulfuric acid and potassium nitrate on seed germination and dormancy of annual medics, Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences, 9, 2875-2880, (2006).
• Dilaver, Z., Mirzapour, M., and Kendir, H., Breaking seed dormancy and micropropagation of perennial Vulneraria Milkvetch (Astragalus zulnerariae Dc.). ACTA Scientiarum Polonorum Horticulture, 16, 4, 79-88, (2017).
• Ersin, C., Nafiz, C., Rustu, H., and Suleyman, A., Breaking seed dormancy of some annual Medicago and Trifolium species by different treatments, Turkish Journal of Field Crops, 14, 2, 72-78, (2009).
• Asl, M.B., Sharivivash, R., and Rahbari, A., Effect of different treatments on seed germination of Honey Locust (Gleditschia triacanthos), Modern Applied Science, 5, 1, 200-204, (2011).
• Williams, H.A., Bewley, J.D., Greenwood, J.S., Bourgault, R., and Mo, B., The cell walls of the endosperm of Asparagus officinalis seeds during development and following germination, Seed Science Research, 11, 305-315, (2001).
• Silva, E.A.A., Toorop, P.E., Van Aelst, A.C., and Hilhorst, H.W.M., Abscisic acid controls embryo growth potential and endosperm cap weakening during coffee (Coffea arabica cv. Rubi) seed germination, Planta, 220, 251-261, (2005).
• Medeiros Filho, S., Franca, E.A., and Innecco, R., Germinacao de sementes de Operculina macrocarpa (L.) Farwel de Operculina alata (Ham) Urban, Revista Brasileriana Sementes, 24, 2, 102-107, (2002).