ECONOMIC COMPLEXITY AND ECOLOGICAL FOOTPRINT RELATIONSHIP: TODA-YAMAMOTO CAUSALITY ANALYSIS

Abstract

Since the mid-20th century, the concepts of technology and innovation have been taking their place in the world with increasing importance. As a result this, production is stripped away from its traditional structure and pass to a complex structure in countries. The needs to make their production unique with a variety of innovations that will help countries differentiate in production and keep many markets in hand bring up the concept of economic complexity. On the other hand, even in developed countries, a complex economy can harm nature and cause an increase in carbon emissions, which have a large place in the ecological footprint.
From this point forth, the economic complexity and ecological footprint relationship are evaluated using the 1970-2016 period and Toda Yamamoto causal analysis for Germany, Sweden, Japan and Turkey. The first three countries given are developed and strong countries in terms of economic complexity, while Turkey is still a developing country and not at the desired level in terms of economic complexity. Analysis results show that there is a causal relationship between variables in Germany and Japan; there is no causality relationship between two variables in Sweden and Turkey.

Keywords

• Economic complexity
• Ecologic Footprint
• Toda-Yamamoto

EKONOMİK KARMAŞIKLIK VE EKOLOJİK AYAK İZİ İLİŞKİSİ: TODA-YAMAMOTO NEDENSELLİK ANALİZİ

Abstract

20. yy ortalarından beri teknoloji ve yenilik kavramları her geçen gün artan bir önemle dünyada yerini almaktadır. Bunun bir sonucu olarak ülkelerde üretim geleneksel yapısından sıyrılmakta ve karmaşık bir yapıya bürünmektedir. Ülkelerin üretimde farklılaşması ve birçok pazarı elinde tutmaya yarayacak çeşitli inovasyonlarla üretimlerini benzersiz kılma gereksinimleri ekonomik karmaşıklık kavramını gündeme getirmektedir. Öte yandan gelişmiş ülkeler de dahi karmaşık bir ekonomi doğaya zarar verebilmekte özellikle ekolojik ayak izi kapsamında geniş bir yer tutan karbon emisyonunun artmasına neden olabilmektedir. Bu noktadan hareketle çalışmada ekonomik karmaşıklık ile ekolojik ayak izi ilişkisi 1970-2016 dönemi ve Almanya, İsveç, Japonya ve Türkiye için Toda-Yamamoto nedensellik analizi kullanılarak değerlendirilmektedir. Verilen ilk üç ülke gelişmiş ve ekonomik karmaşıklık yönünden güçlü ülkelerken; Türkiye ise gelişmekte olan ve ekonomik karmaşıklık yönünden hala arzu edilen düzeyde bir ülke değildir. Analiz sonuçları, Almanya ve Japonya’ da değişkenler arasında bir nedensellik ilişkisinin olduğunu; İsveç ve Türkiye’ de iki değişken arasında herhangi bir nedensellik ilişkisinin olmadığını ortaya koymaktadır.

Keywords

• Ekonomik karmaşıklık
• Ekolojik ayak izi
• Toda-Yamamoto

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