A Comparison of LSTM and BERT Based Models in Turkish Keyword Extraction

Year 2024, Volume: 17 Issue: 1, 9 - 18, 11.06.2024

Özlem Aydın Hüsein Kantarcı

https://doi.org/10.54525/bbmd.1454220

Abstract

Nowadays, text-based data on the internet is increasing very rapidly and it is an important need to reach the right content that cntains the desired information from this big data. Knowing the keywords of the content can provide a positive effect in meeting this need. In this study, it is aimed to determine the keywords representing Turkish texts with natural language processing and deep learning models. Turkish Labeled Text Corpus and Text Summarization- Keyword Extraction Dataset were used together as dataset. Two different deep learning models were presented in this study. Firstly, Sequence-to-Sequence (Seq2Seq) Model with Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) layers is designed. The other model is a Seq2Seq model with BERT (Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformers). In the evaluation of success of the LSTM layered Seq2seq model, an F-1 score of 0.38 was achieved in the ROUGE-1 criterion. In the BERT-based Seq2Seq model, an F-1 value of 0.399 was obtained in the ROUGE-1 criterion. As a result, it has been observed that the BERT based Seq2Seq model based on the Transformer architecture is more successful than the LSTM based Seq2Seq model.

Keywords

Keyword extaction, Deep learning, Seq2seq architecture, Transformer architecture

Türkçe Anahtar Sözcük Çıkarımında LSTM ve BERT Tabanlı Modellerin Karşılaştırılması

Abstract

Günümüzde internet ortamında metne dayalı veri çok hızlı bir şekilde artış göstermektedir ve bu büyük veri içinden istenilen bilgiyi barındıran doğru içeriklere ulaşabilmek önemli bir ihtiyaçtır. İçeriklere ait anahtar sözcüklerin bilinmesi bu ihtiyacı karşılamada olumlu bir etki sağlayabilmektedir. Bu çalışmada, doğal dil işleme ve derin öğrenme modelleri ile Türkçe metinleri temsil eden anahtar sözcüklerin belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Veri kümesi olarak Türkçe Etiketli Metin Derlemi ve Metin Özetleme-Anahtar Kelime Çıkarma Veri Kümesi birlikte kullanılmıştır. Derin öğrenme modeli olarak çalışmada iki farklı model ortaya konmuştur. İlk olarak Uzun Ömürlü Kısa Dönem Belleği ( LSTM) katmanlı bir Diziden Diziye (Seq2Seq) model tasarlanmıştır. Diğer model ise BERT (Transformatörler ile İki Yönlü Kodlayıcı Temsilleri) ile oluşturulmuş Seq2Seq bir modeldir. LSTM katmanlı Seq2seq modelin başarı değerlendirmesinde ROUGE-1 ölçütünde 0,38 F-1 değerine ulaşılmıştır. BERT tabanlı Seq2Seq modelde ROUGE-1 ölçütünde 0,399 F-1 değeri elde edilmiştir. Sonuç olarak dönüştürücü mimarisini temel alan BERT tabanlı Seq2Seq modelin, LSTM tabanlı Seq2seq modele görece daha başarılı olduğu gözlemlenmiştir.

Keywords

Anahtar sözcük çıkarımı, Derin öğrenme, Seq2Seq mimarisi, Transformatör mimarisi

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