Research Article
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Investigating the Relationship between Selected Risk Measures and Sustainability Index

Year 2024, , 37 - 59, 26.07.2024
https://doi.org/10.46520/bddkdergisi.1525908

Abstract

The aim of this study is to investigate the relationship between the Borsa Istanbul Sustainability
Index (XUSRD) and financial market risk indicators, namely the VIX, OVX, and GVZ volatility indices.
The sample period spans from 01.12.2014 to 01.12.2023. We employ the ARDL Bounds Test and the
Toda-Yamamoto Causality Test, using inflation and interest rate as control variables. The empirical
findings reveal that while OVX and GVZ do not have a significant long-term relationship with XUSRD,
there is a significant long-term relationship between VIX and XUSRD. The results indicate that VIX
has a negative impact on XUSRD and there is a unidirectional causality relationship from VIX, OVX,
and GVZ indices to XUSRD.

References

  • 1. Aras, G., Tezcan, N., Kutlu Furtuna, Ö. & Hacıoğlu Kazak, E. (2020), “Sürdürülebilirlik Değerlemesinde Yeni Yaklaşım: Çok Boyutlu Kurumsal Sürdürülebilirlik Modeli – Bankacılık Sektörü Değerlemesi”, Yıldız Teknik Üniversitesi Finans Kurumsal Yönetim ve Sürdürülebilirlik Merkezi (CFGS) Yayınları, İstanbul.
  • 2. BİST Sürdürülebilirlik Rehberi, (2020). https://borsaistanbul.com/files/Surdurulebilirlik_ Rehberi_2020.pdf
  • 3. Borsa İstanbul Web Sayfası, (2022). www.borsaistanbul.com, Erişim Tarihi: 24 Kasım, 2022.
  • 4. Brown, R. L., Durbin, J., & Evans, J. M. (1975). Techniques for Testing the Constancy of Regression Relationships Over Time. Journal of the Royal Statistical Society Series B: Statistical Methodology, 37(2), 149-163.
  • 5. Brundtland G. (1988). Our Common Future (W. C. on Environment & Development, Eds.). Oxford: Oxford University Press.
  • 6. Bueno-García, M., Delgado-Márquez, B., Georgallis, P., & Aragón-Correa, J. A. (2022). How Do Shareholders Influence International Firms’ Environmental Strategies? The Differential Impact of Strategic and Financial Investors. Long Range Planning, 55(6), 102183.
  • 7. Cagli, E. C., Taşkin, D., & Evrim Mandaci, P. (2023). The Role of Uncertainties on Sustainable Stocks and Green Bonds. Qualitative Research in Financial Markets, 15(4), 647-671.
  • 8. Charfeddine, L., Najah, A., & Teulon, F. (2016). Socially Responsible Investing and Islamic Funds: New Perspectives for Portfolio Allocation. Research in International Business and Finance, 36, 351-361.
  • 9. Choi, S. Y., & Hong, C. (2020). Relationship Between Uncertainty in The Oil And Stock Markets Before And After The Shale Gas Revolution: Evidence From The OVX, VIX, And VKOSPI Volatility Indices. PloS one, 15(5), e0232508.
  • 10. de Oliveira, E. M., de Souza Cunha, F. A. F., Palazzi, R. B., Klotzle, M. C., & Maçaira, P. M. (2020). On The Effects of Uncertainty Measures on Sustainability Indices: An Empirical Investigation in a Nonlinear Framework. International Review of Financial Analysis, 70, 101505.
  • 11. Drimbetas, E., Sariannidis, N., Giannarakis, G., ve Litinas, N. (2010). The Effects of Macroeconomic Factor on The Sustainability, Large-Cap and Mid-Cap Dow Jones Indexes. International Journal of Business Policy and Economics, 3, 21-36.
  • 12. Dutta, A., Bouri, E., Dutta, P., & Saeed, T. (2021). Commodity market risks and green investments: Evidence from India. Journal of Cleaner Production, 318, 128523.
  • 13. Escrig-Olmedo, E., Muñoz-Torres, M. J., & Fernández-Izquierdo, M. Á. (2013). Sustainable Development and The Financial System: Society's Perceptions About Socially Responsible Investing. Business Strategy and the Environment, 22(6), 410-428.
  • 14. Giannarakis, G., Partalidou, X., Zafeiriou, E., & Sariannidis, N. (2016). An Analysis of United States on Dow Jones Sustainability Index. Investment Management and Financial Innovations, (13, Iss. 3 (contin. 2)), 353-361.
  • 15. Haigh M. (2011). The Journal of Sustainable Finance & Investment. The Journal of Sustainable Finance & Investment 1 (1): 3–4.
  • 16. Iglesias-Casal, A., López-Penabad, M. C., López-Andión, C., & Maside-Sanfiz, J. M. (2020). Diversification And Optimal Hedges For Socially Responsible Investment in Brazil. Economic Modelling, 85, 106-118.
  • 17. Kaya, M. (2023). BİST Sürdürülebilirlik Endeksi ile Fosil Yakıt Fiyatları Arasındaki İlişkinin Analizi. Abant Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 23(3), 1475-1495.
  • 18. Lean, H. H., & Nguyen, D. K. (2014). Policy Uncertainty And Performance Characteristics Of Sustainable Investments Across Regions Around The Global Financial Crisis. Applied Financial Economics, 24(21), 1367-1373.
  • 19. Liu, M. L., Ji, Q., & Fan, Y. (2013). How Does Oil Market Uncertainty Interact with Other Markets? An Empirical Analysis of Implied Volatility Index. Energy, 55, 860-868.
  • 20. López-Cabarcos, M. Á., Pérez-Pico, A. M., & López-Pérez, M. L. (2019). Does Social Network Sentiment Influence S&P 500 Environmental & Socially Responsible Index? Sustainability, 11(2), 320.
  • 21. Lupu, I., Hurduzeu, G., & Nicolae, M. (2016). Connections Between Sentiment Indices And Reduced Volatilities of Sustainability Stock Market Indices. Economic Computation & Economic Cybernetics Studies & Research, 50(1).
  • 22. Mirza, N., Naeem, M. A., Nguyen, T. T. H., Arfaoui, N., & Oliyide, J. A. (2023). Are Sustainable Investments İnterdependent? The International Evidence. Economic Modelling, 119, 106120.
  • 23. Morales, L., Soler-Domínguez, A., & Hanly, J. (2019). The Power of Ethical Investment in The Context of Political Uncertainty. Journal of Applied Economics, 22(1), 554-580.
  • 24. Narayan, P. K. (2005). The Saving and Investment Nexus for China: Evidence from Cointegration Tests. Applied Economics, 37(17), 1979-1990.
  • 25. Nekhili, R., Ziadat, S. A., & Mensi, W. (2023). Frequency Interdependence and Portfolio Management Between Gold, Oil and Sustainability Stock Markets. International Economics, 100476.
  • 26. Özçim, H. (2022). BİST Sürdürülebilirlik Endeksi ve Makroekonomik Veriler Arasındaki İlişkinin GARCH Modelleri Çerçevesinde İncelenmesi. Pamukkale Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, (50), 115-126.
  • 27. Pitoska, E., Katarachia, A., Giannarakis, G., & Tsilikas, C. (2017). An Analysis of Determinants Affecting The Returns of Dow Jones Sustainability Index United States. International Journal of Economics and Financial Issues, 7(3), 113-118.
  • 28. Sadorsky, P. (2014). Modeling Volatility and Conditional Correlations Between Socially Responsible Investments, Gold and Oil. Economic Modelling, 38, 609-618.
  • 29. Sariannidis, N., Giannarakis, G., Litinas, N., & Konteos, G. (2010). A GARCH Examination of Macroeconomic Effects on US Stock Market: A Distinction Between The Total Market Index and The Sustainability Index. European Research Studies, 13(1), 129-142.
  • 30. Sehrawat, K., Kaur, M., & Vij, M. (2022). Analysing the Presence of Volatility Clustering and Impact of Macro-Economic Variables on Sustainability Indices in India: Using GARCH (1, 1) Model and ARDL Framework. International Journal of Global Environmental Issues, 21(2-4), 372-389.
  • 31. Shaikh, I. (2022). On the Relationship Between Policy Uncertainty and Sustainable Investing. Journal of Modelling in Management, 17(4), 1504-1523.
  • 32. Sharma, P., Shrivastava, A. K., Rohatgi, S., & Mishra, B. B. (2023). Impact of Macroeconomic Variables on Sustainability Indices Using ARDL Model. Journal of Sustainable Finance & Investment, 13(1), 572-588.
  • 33. Sudha, S. (2015). Risk-Return and Volatility Analysis of Sustainability Index in India. Environment, Development and Sustainability, 17(6), 1329-1342.
  • 34. Toda, H.Y., & Yamamoto, T. (1995). Statistical Inference in Vector Autoregressions with Possibly Integrated Processes. Journal of Econometrics, 66(1-2), 225-250.
  • 35. Tseng, M. L., P. A. Tan, S. Y. Jeng, C. W. R. Lin, Y. T. Negash, and S. N. A. C. Darsono. (2019). Sustainable Investment: Interrelated Among Corporate Governance, Economic Performance and Market Risks Using Investor Preference Approach. Sustainability 11: 2108, 1-15.
  • 36. Vergili, G., & Çelik, M. S. (2023). The Relationship Between the Indices of Volatility (VIX) and Sustainability (DJSEMUP): An ARDL Approach. Business and Economics Research Journal, 14(1), 19-29.
  • 37. Vilas, P., Andreu, L., & Sarto, J. L. (2022). Cluster Analysis to Validate the Sustainability Label of Stock Indices: An Analysis of the İnclusion and Exclusion Processes in Terms of Size and ESG Ratings. Journal of Cleaner Production, 330, 129862, 1-14.
  • 38. Waygood S. (2011). How do the Capital Markets Undermine Sustainable Development? What Can be Done to Correct This? The Journal of Sustainable Finance & Investment 1 (1), 81–87.
  • 39. WCED, S. W. S. (1987). World Commission on Environment and Development. Our Common Future, 17(1), 1-91.
  • 40. Xu, D., Hu, Y., Oxley, L., Lin, B., & He, Y. (2024). Exploring the Connectedness Between Major Volatility Indices and Worldwide Sustainable Investments. Available at SSRN 4746381.
  • 41. Yousaf, I., Suleman, M. T., & Demirer, R. (2022). Green Investments: A Luxury Good or a Financial Necessity? Energy Economics, 105, 105745, 1-10.

Seçilmiş Risk Ölçütleri ile Sürdürülebilirlik Endeksi Arasındaki İlişkinin Araştırılması

Year 2024, , 37 - 59, 26.07.2024
https://doi.org/10.46520/bddkdergisi.1525908

Abstract

Bu çalışmanın amacı, finansal piyasalardaki risk göstergeleri olan VIX, OVX ve GVZ volatilite
endeksleri ile Borsa İstanbul Sürdürülebilirlik Endeksi (XUSRD) arasındaki ilişkinin araştırılmasıdır.
01.12.2014-01.12.2023 dönemini kapsayan ve ARDL Sınır Testi ile Toda-Yamamoto Nedensellik Testi
kullanılarak yapılan analizlerde, enflasyon ve faiz değişkenleri kontrol değişkenleri olarak kullanılmıştır.
Bulgulara göre, OVX ve GVZ ile XUSRD arasında uzun dönemde anlamlı bir ilişki bulunmazken; VIX
ile XUSRD arasında uzun dönemde anlamlı bir ilişki tespit edilmiştir. Sonuçlar, VIX'in XUSRD üzerinde
negatif etkisi olduğunu ve VIX, OVX, GVZ endekslerinden XUSRD'ye doğru tek yönlü nedensellik
ilişkisi bulunduğunu göstermektedir.

References

  • 1. Aras, G., Tezcan, N., Kutlu Furtuna, Ö. & Hacıoğlu Kazak, E. (2020), “Sürdürülebilirlik Değerlemesinde Yeni Yaklaşım: Çok Boyutlu Kurumsal Sürdürülebilirlik Modeli – Bankacılık Sektörü Değerlemesi”, Yıldız Teknik Üniversitesi Finans Kurumsal Yönetim ve Sürdürülebilirlik Merkezi (CFGS) Yayınları, İstanbul.
  • 2. BİST Sürdürülebilirlik Rehberi, (2020). https://borsaistanbul.com/files/Surdurulebilirlik_ Rehberi_2020.pdf
  • 3. Borsa İstanbul Web Sayfası, (2022). www.borsaistanbul.com, Erişim Tarihi: 24 Kasım, 2022.
  • 4. Brown, R. L., Durbin, J., & Evans, J. M. (1975). Techniques for Testing the Constancy of Regression Relationships Over Time. Journal of the Royal Statistical Society Series B: Statistical Methodology, 37(2), 149-163.
  • 5. Brundtland G. (1988). Our Common Future (W. C. on Environment & Development, Eds.). Oxford: Oxford University Press.
  • 6. Bueno-García, M., Delgado-Márquez, B., Georgallis, P., & Aragón-Correa, J. A. (2022). How Do Shareholders Influence International Firms’ Environmental Strategies? The Differential Impact of Strategic and Financial Investors. Long Range Planning, 55(6), 102183.
  • 7. Cagli, E. C., Taşkin, D., & Evrim Mandaci, P. (2023). The Role of Uncertainties on Sustainable Stocks and Green Bonds. Qualitative Research in Financial Markets, 15(4), 647-671.
  • 8. Charfeddine, L., Najah, A., & Teulon, F. (2016). Socially Responsible Investing and Islamic Funds: New Perspectives for Portfolio Allocation. Research in International Business and Finance, 36, 351-361.
  • 9. Choi, S. Y., & Hong, C. (2020). Relationship Between Uncertainty in The Oil And Stock Markets Before And After The Shale Gas Revolution: Evidence From The OVX, VIX, And VKOSPI Volatility Indices. PloS one, 15(5), e0232508.
  • 10. de Oliveira, E. M., de Souza Cunha, F. A. F., Palazzi, R. B., Klotzle, M. C., & Maçaira, P. M. (2020). On The Effects of Uncertainty Measures on Sustainability Indices: An Empirical Investigation in a Nonlinear Framework. International Review of Financial Analysis, 70, 101505.
  • 11. Drimbetas, E., Sariannidis, N., Giannarakis, G., ve Litinas, N. (2010). The Effects of Macroeconomic Factor on The Sustainability, Large-Cap and Mid-Cap Dow Jones Indexes. International Journal of Business Policy and Economics, 3, 21-36.
  • 12. Dutta, A., Bouri, E., Dutta, P., & Saeed, T. (2021). Commodity market risks and green investments: Evidence from India. Journal of Cleaner Production, 318, 128523.
  • 13. Escrig-Olmedo, E., Muñoz-Torres, M. J., & Fernández-Izquierdo, M. Á. (2013). Sustainable Development and The Financial System: Society's Perceptions About Socially Responsible Investing. Business Strategy and the Environment, 22(6), 410-428.
  • 14. Giannarakis, G., Partalidou, X., Zafeiriou, E., & Sariannidis, N. (2016). An Analysis of United States on Dow Jones Sustainability Index. Investment Management and Financial Innovations, (13, Iss. 3 (contin. 2)), 353-361.
  • 15. Haigh M. (2011). The Journal of Sustainable Finance & Investment. The Journal of Sustainable Finance & Investment 1 (1): 3–4.
  • 16. Iglesias-Casal, A., López-Penabad, M. C., López-Andión, C., & Maside-Sanfiz, J. M. (2020). Diversification And Optimal Hedges For Socially Responsible Investment in Brazil. Economic Modelling, 85, 106-118.
  • 17. Kaya, M. (2023). BİST Sürdürülebilirlik Endeksi ile Fosil Yakıt Fiyatları Arasındaki İlişkinin Analizi. Abant Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 23(3), 1475-1495.
  • 18. Lean, H. H., & Nguyen, D. K. (2014). Policy Uncertainty And Performance Characteristics Of Sustainable Investments Across Regions Around The Global Financial Crisis. Applied Financial Economics, 24(21), 1367-1373.
  • 19. Liu, M. L., Ji, Q., & Fan, Y. (2013). How Does Oil Market Uncertainty Interact with Other Markets? An Empirical Analysis of Implied Volatility Index. Energy, 55, 860-868.
  • 20. López-Cabarcos, M. Á., Pérez-Pico, A. M., & López-Pérez, M. L. (2019). Does Social Network Sentiment Influence S&P 500 Environmental & Socially Responsible Index? Sustainability, 11(2), 320.
  • 21. Lupu, I., Hurduzeu, G., & Nicolae, M. (2016). Connections Between Sentiment Indices And Reduced Volatilities of Sustainability Stock Market Indices. Economic Computation & Economic Cybernetics Studies & Research, 50(1).
  • 22. Mirza, N., Naeem, M. A., Nguyen, T. T. H., Arfaoui, N., & Oliyide, J. A. (2023). Are Sustainable Investments İnterdependent? The International Evidence. Economic Modelling, 119, 106120.
  • 23. Morales, L., Soler-Domínguez, A., & Hanly, J. (2019). The Power of Ethical Investment in The Context of Political Uncertainty. Journal of Applied Economics, 22(1), 554-580.
  • 24. Narayan, P. K. (2005). The Saving and Investment Nexus for China: Evidence from Cointegration Tests. Applied Economics, 37(17), 1979-1990.
  • 25. Nekhili, R., Ziadat, S. A., & Mensi, W. (2023). Frequency Interdependence and Portfolio Management Between Gold, Oil and Sustainability Stock Markets. International Economics, 100476.
  • 26. Özçim, H. (2022). BİST Sürdürülebilirlik Endeksi ve Makroekonomik Veriler Arasındaki İlişkinin GARCH Modelleri Çerçevesinde İncelenmesi. Pamukkale Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, (50), 115-126.
  • 27. Pitoska, E., Katarachia, A., Giannarakis, G., & Tsilikas, C. (2017). An Analysis of Determinants Affecting The Returns of Dow Jones Sustainability Index United States. International Journal of Economics and Financial Issues, 7(3), 113-118.
  • 28. Sadorsky, P. (2014). Modeling Volatility and Conditional Correlations Between Socially Responsible Investments, Gold and Oil. Economic Modelling, 38, 609-618.
  • 29. Sariannidis, N., Giannarakis, G., Litinas, N., & Konteos, G. (2010). A GARCH Examination of Macroeconomic Effects on US Stock Market: A Distinction Between The Total Market Index and The Sustainability Index. European Research Studies, 13(1), 129-142.
  • 30. Sehrawat, K., Kaur, M., & Vij, M. (2022). Analysing the Presence of Volatility Clustering and Impact of Macro-Economic Variables on Sustainability Indices in India: Using GARCH (1, 1) Model and ARDL Framework. International Journal of Global Environmental Issues, 21(2-4), 372-389.
  • 31. Shaikh, I. (2022). On the Relationship Between Policy Uncertainty and Sustainable Investing. Journal of Modelling in Management, 17(4), 1504-1523.
  • 32. Sharma, P., Shrivastava, A. K., Rohatgi, S., & Mishra, B. B. (2023). Impact of Macroeconomic Variables on Sustainability Indices Using ARDL Model. Journal of Sustainable Finance & Investment, 13(1), 572-588.
  • 33. Sudha, S. (2015). Risk-Return and Volatility Analysis of Sustainability Index in India. Environment, Development and Sustainability, 17(6), 1329-1342.
  • 34. Toda, H.Y., & Yamamoto, T. (1995). Statistical Inference in Vector Autoregressions with Possibly Integrated Processes. Journal of Econometrics, 66(1-2), 225-250.
  • 35. Tseng, M. L., P. A. Tan, S. Y. Jeng, C. W. R. Lin, Y. T. Negash, and S. N. A. C. Darsono. (2019). Sustainable Investment: Interrelated Among Corporate Governance, Economic Performance and Market Risks Using Investor Preference Approach. Sustainability 11: 2108, 1-15.
  • 36. Vergili, G., & Çelik, M. S. (2023). The Relationship Between the Indices of Volatility (VIX) and Sustainability (DJSEMUP): An ARDL Approach. Business and Economics Research Journal, 14(1), 19-29.
  • 37. Vilas, P., Andreu, L., & Sarto, J. L. (2022). Cluster Analysis to Validate the Sustainability Label of Stock Indices: An Analysis of the İnclusion and Exclusion Processes in Terms of Size and ESG Ratings. Journal of Cleaner Production, 330, 129862, 1-14.
  • 38. Waygood S. (2011). How do the Capital Markets Undermine Sustainable Development? What Can be Done to Correct This? The Journal of Sustainable Finance & Investment 1 (1), 81–87.
  • 39. WCED, S. W. S. (1987). World Commission on Environment and Development. Our Common Future, 17(1), 1-91.
  • 40. Xu, D., Hu, Y., Oxley, L., Lin, B., & He, Y. (2024). Exploring the Connectedness Between Major Volatility Indices and Worldwide Sustainable Investments. Available at SSRN 4746381.
  • 41. Yousaf, I., Suleman, M. T., & Demirer, R. (2022). Green Investments: A Luxury Good or a Financial Necessity? Energy Economics, 105, 105745, 1-10.
There are 41 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Financial Institutions, Banking and Insurance (Other), Financial Markets and Institutions
Journal Section Research Articles
Authors

Dilara Demirez 0000-0001-8315-3229

Serkan Yılmaz Kandır 0000-0002-7686-1099

Publication Date July 26, 2024
Submission Date June 16, 2024
Acceptance Date July 23, 2024
Published in Issue Year 2024

Cite

APA Demirez, D., & Kandır, S. Y. (2024). Seçilmiş Risk Ölçütleri ile Sürdürülebilirlik Endeksi Arasındaki İlişkinin Araştırılması. BDDK Bankacılık Ve Finansal Piyasalar Dergisi, 18(1), 37-59. https://doi.org/10.46520/bddkdergisi.1525908