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Finansal Kapsayıcılığın Gelişmesinde Katılım Bankacılığının Rolü: Katılım Bankacılığı Finansal Kapsayıcılık Endeksinin Hesaplanması

Year 2020, Volume: 14 Issue: 2, 119 - 144, 08.12.2020
https://doi.org/10.46520/bddkdergisi.841147

Abstract

Gelişmekte olan ekonomilerde tüm yetişkinlerin finansal ürün ve hizmetlere erişebildiği ve tasarruflarını finansal araçlarla sağladığı bir piyasa oluşturmak politika yapıcılar ve düzenleyiciler için bir öncelik haline gelmektedir. Dini inanışlarını gerekçe göstererek kendilerine uygun finansal ürün ve hizmetlerin bulunmadığını
veya kısıtlı olarak bulunduğunu düşünen ve bundan dolayı kendilerini finansal hizmetlerden dışlayan yetişkinlerin finansal sisteme dahil edilmesi finansal kapsayıcılık boyutunun artmasında büyük öneme sahiptir. Sarma’nın (2008) literatüre kazandırdığı finansal kapsayıcılık endeksi ile bankacılık hizmetlerinin erişilebilirlik, kullanılabilirlik ve kullanım boyutları üzerinden finansal kapsayıcılığın ölçülmesi mümkün hale gelmiştir. Endeks 0 ile 1 arasında değerler almakta ve 0 finansal kapsayıcılığın dışında kalındığını1 ise finansal kapsayıcılığın tam olarak sağlandığını göstermektedir. Bu çalışmada 2007-2019 yıllarını kapsayan Türkiye’deki 81
il için Katılım Bankacılığı için finansal kapsayıcılık endeksi oluşturulmuştur. Oluşturulan endeks değerlerinin genel olarak çok düşük olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Bu da Katılım Bankacılığının henüz illerde yeni yeni yaygınlaşmaya başlamasıyla açıklanabilir. Katılım Bankacılığı finansal kapsayıcılık endeksi değerlerine göre en yüksek
finansal kapsayıcılığa sahip üç ilin İstanbul, Ankara ve Konya olduğu en düşük finansal kapsayıcılığa sahip üç ilin ise Hakkari, Artvin ve Tunceli olduğu tespit edilmiştir.

References

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  • 2. Beck, Thorsten, Demirguc-Kunt Aslı, Levine Ross (2005), “Law and Firms’ Access to Finance”, American Law and Economics Review, s.210-223.
  • 3. Beck, Thorsten, Demirguc-Kunt Aslı, Levine Ross (2007), “Finance, InequalityAnd The Poor”, Journal of Economic Growth, forthcoming, s.1-9.
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  • 6. Burgess, Robin, Pande Rohini (2004), “Can Rural Banks Reduce Poverty? Evidence from the Indian Social Banking Experiement”, American Economic Review, 95, s.1-30.
  • 7. Chakravarthi, Rangarajan (2008), Report of the Committee on Financial Inclusion, Government of India.
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  • 9. Crabtree, Steve (2010), Religiosity Highest in World’s Poorest Nations, Washıngton, D.C.31.
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  • 12. Demirgüc-Kunt, Aslı, Klapper Leora, Singer Dorothe, Oudheusden Peter Van(2015), The Global Findex Database 2014: Measuring Financial Inclusion Around the World, Policy Research Working Paper 7255, World Bank, s.1-97.
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  • 16. Gündüz, Murat, Özyıldırım Yunus (2019), “Türkiye’de İllere Göre Finansal Kapsayıcılık Endeksinin Ölçülmesi”, Bankacılık Dergisi, Sayı 111, s.52-70.
  • 17. Honohan, Patrick (2007), “Cross Country Variation İn Household Access To Financial Services”, Paper prepared for the World Bank Conference on Access to Finance, March s.1-38.
  • 18. IFSB. (2019). Published standards. Erişim Tarihi: 25.11.2020, https://www.ifsb.org/download.php?id=5358&lang=English&pg=/sec06.php
  • 19. Işık, İhsan (2011), Dünyada ve Türkiye’de Finansal Hizmetlere Erişim ve Finansal Eğitim, Türkiye Cumhuriyeti Merkez Bankası. Ankara.
  • 20. Kempson, Elaine (1994), Outside The Banking System: A Review Of Households Without A Current Account, Research Paper, Great Britain. Social Security Advisory Committee, London: H.M.S.O.
  • 21. Kempson, Elaine, Whyley Claire (1999), Kept Out Or Opted Out? Understanding And Combating Financial Exclusion, The Policy Press. Bristol, s.1-60
  • 22. Mersland, Roy, Øystein Strøm Reidar (2009), “Performance And Governance İn Microfinance İnstitutions”, Journal of Banking & Finance, 33(4), s.662-669.
  • 23. Mohieldin, Mahmoud, Iqbal Zamir, Rostom Ahmed, Fu Xiaochen (2011), The Role Of Islamic Finance İn Enhancing Financial Inclusion İn Organization Of Islamic Cooperation (OIC) Countries, Policy Research Working Paper 5920, World Bank, Washington DC, s.1-61.
  • 24. Morgan, Peter J., Pontines Victor (2014), Financial Stability and Financial Inclusion, ADBI Working Paper Series, (No.488), s.1-18.
  • 25. Naceur, Sami Ben, Barajas Adolfo, Massara Alexander (2015), Can Islamic Banking Increase Financial Inclusion?, IMF Working Paper 15/31, s.1-41.
  • 26. PBAT (2019). Member Banks. Participation Banks Association of Turkey. Retrieved from: http://www.tkbb.org.tr/memberbanks, erişim tarihi: 30.09.2020
  • 27. Peachey, Stephen, Alan Roe (2006), “Access to Finance, Measuring the Contribution of Savings Banks”, World Bank Savings Institute.
  • 28. Prathap, Sangeetha K (2011), “Financial İnclusion of Fisher Households İn Coastel Kerala-Role Of Microfinance”, Thesis. Cochin University of Science and Technology.
  • 29. Sarma, Mandira (2008), “Index of Financial Inclusion”, Working paper 215, Indian Council for Research on International Economic Relations, s.1-20.
  • 30. Sarma, Mandira (2010), “Index of Financial Inclusion”, CITD Discussion Paper, s.10-18.
  • 31. Sarma, Mandira, Pais Jesim (2011), “Financial Inclusion And Development: ACross Country Analysis”, Journal of International Development, 23(5), s.613-628.
  • 32. Seman, Junaidah Abu (2016), Fınancıal Inclusıon: The Role Of Fınancıal System And Other Determınants, Salford Business School University of Salford, United Kingdom. s.1-272.
  • 33. Seven, U., Yassa, A. D. ve Yılmaz, F. (2020). Finansal Kapsayıcılık: Türkiye ve Dünya Karşılaştırması (No. 2004). Research and Monetary Policy Department, Central Bank of the Republic of Turkey.
  • 34. Türkiye Bankalar Birliği (2019), Bankaların Aktiflere Göre Sektör Payları. https://www.tbb.org.tr/tr/bankacilik/banka-ve-sektor-bilgileri/4
  • 35. United Nations Development Programme (2019), Islamic Finance and Impact Investing,https://www.undp.org/content/undp/en/home/sustainable-development- goals.htmlerişim tarihi: 01.10.2020
  • 36. World Bank (2005), World Development Indicators. https://databank.worldbank.org/source/world-development-indicators
  • 37. World Bank (2014), Finansial Inclusion. Global Financial Development Report. International Bank for Reconstruction and Development.
  • 38. Yorulmaz, Recep (2013). Construction of a regional financial inclusion index in Turkey. Journal of BRSA Banking and Financial Markets, 7(1), 79-101.
  • 39. Zhijun, Wang (2007), “Financial Exclusion: The Experiences Of The United Kingdom”, World Economy Study, s.2-12.
  • 40. Zulkhibri, Muhamed (2016), “Financial İnclusion, Financial İnclusion Policy And Islamic Finance”, Macroeconomics and Finance in Emerging Market Economies, 9(3), s.303-320.
Year 2020, Volume: 14 Issue: 2, 119 - 144, 08.12.2020
https://doi.org/10.46520/bddkdergisi.841147

Abstract

References

  • 1. Arora, Rashmi Umesh (2010), Measuring Financial Access, Griffith University, Discussion Paper Economics 7, ISSN1837-7750, s.1-50.
  • 2. Beck, Thorsten, Demirguc-Kunt Aslı, Levine Ross (2005), “Law and Firms’ Access to Finance”, American Law and Economics Review, s.210-223.
  • 3. Beck, Thorsten, Demirguc-Kunt Aslı, Levine Ross (2007), “Finance, InequalityAnd The Poor”, Journal of Economic Growth, forthcoming, s.1-9.
  • 4. Beck, Thorsten, Demirguc-Kunt Aslı, Martinez Peria Maria Soledad (2006),Banking Services for Everyone? Barriers to Bank Access And Use Around The World, The World Bank Economic Review, 22(3), s.1–60.
  • 5. Beck, Thorsten, Demirguc-Kunt Aslı, Martinez Peria Maria Soledad (2005),Reaching out: Access to and Use of Banking Services Across Countries, Journal of Financial Economics, 85, s.1-52.
  • 6. Burgess, Robin, Pande Rohini (2004), “Can Rural Banks Reduce Poverty? Evidence from the Indian Social Banking Experiement”, American Economic Review, 95, s.1-30.
  • 7. Chakravarthi, Rangarajan (2008), Report of the Committee on Financial Inclusion, Government of India.
  • 8. Chakravarty, Satya R, Pal Rupayan (2010), Measuring Financial Inclusion: an Axiomatic Approach, Indira Gandhi Institute of Development Research (IGIDR) WP-2010-003, s.1-38.
  • 9. Crabtree, Steve (2010), Religiosity Highest in World’s Poorest Nations, Washıngton, D.C.31.
  • 10. Demirguc-Kunt, Aslı, Klapper Leora (2012), Measuring Financial Inclusion:The Global Findex Database, Policy Research Working Paper 6025, The World Bank, s.1-61.
  • 11. Demirguc-Kunt, Aslı, Klapper Leora, Randall Douglas (2013), Islamic Financeand Financial Inclusion Measuring Use Of And Demand For Formal Financial Services Among Muslim Adults, Policy Research Working Paper 6642, TheWorld Bank, s.1-45.
  • 12. Demirgüc-Kunt, Aslı, Klapper Leora, Singer Dorothe, Oudheusden Peter Van(2015), The Global Findex Database 2014: Measuring Financial Inclusion Around the World, Policy Research Working Paper 7255, World Bank, s.1-97.
  • 13. Er B., Ergün T. ve Güneysu Y. (2016). Katılım Bankalarının Finansal ErişimeEtkisi: Türkiye Örneği. International Joint Conference on Islamic Economics and Finance, İstanbul
  • 14. Gallup Center for Muslim Studies. (2010), Religious perceptions in America:With an in-depth analysis of US attitudes toward Muslims and Islam.
  • 15. Gupte, Rajani, Venkataramani Bhama, Gupta Deepa (2012), “Computation Of Financial İnclusion İndex For India”, Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 37, s.133-149.
  • 16. Gündüz, Murat, Özyıldırım Yunus (2019), “Türkiye’de İllere Göre Finansal Kapsayıcılık Endeksinin Ölçülmesi”, Bankacılık Dergisi, Sayı 111, s.52-70.
  • 17. Honohan, Patrick (2007), “Cross Country Variation İn Household Access To Financial Services”, Paper prepared for the World Bank Conference on Access to Finance, March s.1-38.
  • 18. IFSB. (2019). Published standards. Erişim Tarihi: 25.11.2020, https://www.ifsb.org/download.php?id=5358&lang=English&pg=/sec06.php
  • 19. Işık, İhsan (2011), Dünyada ve Türkiye’de Finansal Hizmetlere Erişim ve Finansal Eğitim, Türkiye Cumhuriyeti Merkez Bankası. Ankara.
  • 20. Kempson, Elaine (1994), Outside The Banking System: A Review Of Households Without A Current Account, Research Paper, Great Britain. Social Security Advisory Committee, London: H.M.S.O.
  • 21. Kempson, Elaine, Whyley Claire (1999), Kept Out Or Opted Out? Understanding And Combating Financial Exclusion, The Policy Press. Bristol, s.1-60
  • 22. Mersland, Roy, Øystein Strøm Reidar (2009), “Performance And Governance İn Microfinance İnstitutions”, Journal of Banking & Finance, 33(4), s.662-669.
  • 23. Mohieldin, Mahmoud, Iqbal Zamir, Rostom Ahmed, Fu Xiaochen (2011), The Role Of Islamic Finance İn Enhancing Financial Inclusion İn Organization Of Islamic Cooperation (OIC) Countries, Policy Research Working Paper 5920, World Bank, Washington DC, s.1-61.
  • 24. Morgan, Peter J., Pontines Victor (2014), Financial Stability and Financial Inclusion, ADBI Working Paper Series, (No.488), s.1-18.
  • 25. Naceur, Sami Ben, Barajas Adolfo, Massara Alexander (2015), Can Islamic Banking Increase Financial Inclusion?, IMF Working Paper 15/31, s.1-41.
  • 26. PBAT (2019). Member Banks. Participation Banks Association of Turkey. Retrieved from: http://www.tkbb.org.tr/memberbanks, erişim tarihi: 30.09.2020
  • 27. Peachey, Stephen, Alan Roe (2006), “Access to Finance, Measuring the Contribution of Savings Banks”, World Bank Savings Institute.
  • 28. Prathap, Sangeetha K (2011), “Financial İnclusion of Fisher Households İn Coastel Kerala-Role Of Microfinance”, Thesis. Cochin University of Science and Technology.
  • 29. Sarma, Mandira (2008), “Index of Financial Inclusion”, Working paper 215, Indian Council for Research on International Economic Relations, s.1-20.
  • 30. Sarma, Mandira (2010), “Index of Financial Inclusion”, CITD Discussion Paper, s.10-18.
  • 31. Sarma, Mandira, Pais Jesim (2011), “Financial Inclusion And Development: ACross Country Analysis”, Journal of International Development, 23(5), s.613-628.
  • 32. Seman, Junaidah Abu (2016), Fınancıal Inclusıon: The Role Of Fınancıal System And Other Determınants, Salford Business School University of Salford, United Kingdom. s.1-272.
  • 33. Seven, U., Yassa, A. D. ve Yılmaz, F. (2020). Finansal Kapsayıcılık: Türkiye ve Dünya Karşılaştırması (No. 2004). Research and Monetary Policy Department, Central Bank of the Republic of Turkey.
  • 34. Türkiye Bankalar Birliği (2019), Bankaların Aktiflere Göre Sektör Payları. https://www.tbb.org.tr/tr/bankacilik/banka-ve-sektor-bilgileri/4
  • 35. United Nations Development Programme (2019), Islamic Finance and Impact Investing,https://www.undp.org/content/undp/en/home/sustainable-development- goals.htmlerişim tarihi: 01.10.2020
  • 36. World Bank (2005), World Development Indicators. https://databank.worldbank.org/source/world-development-indicators
  • 37. World Bank (2014), Finansial Inclusion. Global Financial Development Report. International Bank for Reconstruction and Development.
  • 38. Yorulmaz, Recep (2013). Construction of a regional financial inclusion index in Turkey. Journal of BRSA Banking and Financial Markets, 7(1), 79-101.
  • 39. Zhijun, Wang (2007), “Financial Exclusion: The Experiences Of The United Kingdom”, World Economy Study, s.2-12.
  • 40. Zulkhibri, Muhamed (2016), “Financial İnclusion, Financial İnclusion Policy And Islamic Finance”, Macroeconomics and Finance in Emerging Market Economies, 9(3), s.303-320.
There are 40 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Finance
Journal Section Research Articles
Authors

Murat Gündüz This is me 0000-0003-0006-8796

Yunus Özyıldırım This is me 0000-0001-7198-4615

Publication Date December 8, 2020
Published in Issue Year 2020 Volume: 14 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Gündüz, M., & Özyıldırım, Y. (2020). Finansal Kapsayıcılığın Gelişmesinde Katılım Bankacılığının Rolü: Katılım Bankacılığı Finansal Kapsayıcılık Endeksinin Hesaplanması. BDDK Bankacılık Ve Finansal Piyasalar Dergisi, 14(2), 119-144. https://doi.org/10.46520/bddkdergisi.841147