Farklı Seviyelerde Metabolik Enerji İçeren Rasyonlara Sodyum Bütirat İlavesinin Büyüyen Bıldırcınlarda Performans, Karkas ve Bazı Kan Parametreleri Üzerine Etkisi

Abstract

Bu çalışma, farklı seviyelerde metabolik enerji içeren rasyonlara sodyum bütirat ilavesinin büyüyen bıldırcınlarda performans, karkas randımanı ve serum biyokimyasal parametreleri üzerine etkisini belirlemek amacıyla yapılmıştır. Deneme üç seviye metabolik enerji (2700, 2800 ve 2900 kkal/kg ME) ve iki sodyum bütirat seviyesinin (0.0 ve 1.0 g/kg) oluşturduğu her biri 4 tekerrürden oluşan 6 muamele grubu ile 3 × 2 faktöriyel deneme planında yürütülmüştür. Bir günlük yaştaki toplam 240 bıldırcın civcivi her bir alt grupta 10 civciv toplamda 24 alt gruba rastgele dağıtılmıştır. Deneme beş hafta sürmüştür. Deneme sonunda ana faktör olarak rasyon metabolik enerji seviyesi büyüyen bıldırcınların yaşama gücünü, karkas randımanı ve serum glukoz, kreatinin, albümin, globülin, toplam protein ve kalsiyum konsantrasyonlarını etkilememiştir (P>0.05). Bıldırcın rasyonlarında 2700 kkal/kg metabolik enerji kullanımı büyüyen bıldırcınların canlı ağırlığını (P<0.05), canlı ağırlık artışını (P<0.05), yem tüketimini (P<0.01) ve yemden yararlanma oranını (P<0.01) 2900 kkal/kg metabolik enerji ile karşılaştırıldığında olumsuz etkilemiş, serum kolesterol (P<0.05) ve fosfor (P<0.05) konsantrasyonlarını azaltmıştır. Bıldırcın rasyonlarına sodyum bütirat ilavesi büyüyen bıldırcınların serum kolesterol (P<0.01), albümin (P<0.05), globülin (P<0.05) ve toplam protein (P<0.01) konsantrasyonlarını düşürmüş ancak diğer parametrelerini etkilememiştir (P>0.05). Sonuç olarak, optimum performans için büyüyen bıldırcınların 2800 kkal/kg metabolik enerji içeren bir rasyonla beslenebileceği ve rasyona sodyum bütirat ilavesinin serum kolesterolünü düşürmede etkili olduğu söylenebilir.

Keywords

• Bıldırcın
• karkas
• metabolik enerji
• performans
• serum
• sodyum bütirat

The Effect of Supplementation of Sodium Butyrate to Diets with Different Levels of Metabolic Energy Contents on Performance, Carcass and Some Blood Parameters in Growing Quails

Abstract

This study was carried out to determine the effect the supplementation of sodium butyrate to diets contained of different levels of metabolic energy on performance, carcass yield and serum biochemical constituents in growing quails. The research was conducted in the 3 × 2 factorial experimental design with six treatment groups (four subgroups in the each treatment group) consisting of three levels of metabolic energy (2700, 2800 and 2900 kcal/kg ME) and two levels of sodium butyrate (0.0 or 1.0 g/kg). A total of 240 quail chicks at one day age were randomly distributed to 24 subgroups, 10 chicks in the each. The experiment lasted 5 weeks. At the end of the experiment, dietary metabolic energy levels as a main factor did not affect liveability, carcass yield and serum glucose, creatinine, albumin, globulin, total protein and calcium concentrations of growing quails (P>0.05). The use of 2700 kcal/kg metabolic energy in the quail diets negatively affected the body weight (P<0.05), body weight gain (P<0.05), feed intake (P<0.01) and feed conversion ratio (P<0.01) compared to 2900 kcal/kg metabolic energy, and decreased serum cholesterol (P<0.05) and phosphorus (P<0.05) concentrations of growing quails. The best performance in quails was achieved at 2800 kcal/kg ME level. The supplementation of sodium butyrate to growing quail diets decreased serum cholesterol (P<0.01), albumin (P<0.05), globulin (P<0.05) and total protein (P<0.01) concentrations but did not affect other parameters of growing quails (P>0.05). As a result, it can be said that diets containing of 2800 kcal/kg metabolic energy can be suitable for optimum performance in growing quails and the addition of sodium butyrate to diets is effective for decrease serum cholesterol.

Keywords

• Quail
• carcass
• metabolic energy
• performance
• serum
• sodium butyrate

References

1. Abd El-Ghany, W. A. A., Awaad, M. H., Nasef, S. A., Gaber, A. F. (2016). Effect of sodium butyrate on Salmonella enteritidis infection in broiler chickens. Asian Journal Poultry Science, 10(2), 104-110. DOI: 10.3923/ajpsaj.2016.104.110.
2. Abd El‐Wahab, A., Mahmoud, R. E., Ahmed, M. F., Salama, M. F. (2019). Effect of dietary supplementation of calcium butyrate on growth performance, carcass traits, intestinal health and pro‐inflammatory cytokines in Japanese quails. Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition, 103(6), 1768-1775. DOI: 10.1111/jpn.13172.
3. Campbell, T. W. (1988). Avian haematology and cytology. Iowa State University Press, 3-27. Ames, Iowa,
4. Chamba, F., Puyalto, M., Ortiz, A., Torrealba, H., Mallo, J. J., Riboty, R. (2014). Effect of partially protected sodium butyrate on performance, digestive organs, intestinal villi and E. coli development in broilers chickens. International Journal of Poultry Science, 13(7), 390-396.
5. Çelebi, Ş., Kaya, A. (2012). Yumurta tavuğu ve broyler yemlerinde zeolit kullanımı. Hayvansal Üretim, 53(2), 40-48.
6. Deepa, K., Purushothaman, M. R., Vasanthakumar, P., Sivakumar, K. (2017). Serum biochemical parameters and meat quality influenced due to supplementation of sodium butyrate in broiler chicken. International Journal of Livestock Research, 7(8), 108-116. DOI: 10.5455/ijlr.20170610051212.
7. Duncan, D. B. (1955). Multiple ranges and multiple F’ test. Biometrics, 11(1), 1-42.
8. Elnesr, S. S., Ropy, A., Abdel-Razik, A. H. (2019). Effect of dietary sodium butyrate supplementation on growth, blood biochemistry, haematology and histomorphometry of intestine and immune organs of Japanese quail. Animal, 13(6), 1234-1244. DOI: 10.1017/S1751731118002732.

9. Friedman, A., Bar-Shira, E. (2005). Effect of nutrition on development of immune competence in chickens gut associated lymphoid system. Proceedings of 15th European Symposium on Poultry Nutrition, Balatonfüred, Hungary, 234-242.
10. Gomathi, G., Senthilkumar, S., Natarajan, A., Amutha, R., Purushothaman, M. R. (2018). Effect of dietary supplementation of cinnamon oil and sodium butyrate on carcass characteristics and meat quality of broiler chicken. Veterinary World, 11(7), 959-964. DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2018.959-964.
11. Hernandez, J., Afanador, G., Ariza-Nieto, C., Avellaneda, Y. (2013). Evaluation of coated and powder sodium butyrate in diets for broilers reared with reused litter during a commercial production cycle. Journal of Animal Science, 91(E-Suppl. 2), 335.
12. Hu, Z., Guo, Y. (2007). Effects of dietary sodium butyrate supplementation on the intestinal morphological structure, absorptive function and gut flora in chickens. Animal Feed Science and Technology, 132(3-4), 240-249. DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2006.03.017.
13. Hu, X., Wang, Y., Sheikhahmadi, A., Li, X., Buyse, J., Lin, H., Song, Z. (2019). Effects of dietary energy level on appetite and central adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) in broilers. Journal of Animal Science, 97(11), 4488-4495. DOI: 10.1093/jas/skz312.
14. Jahanian, R., Edriss, M. A. (2015). Metabolizable energy and crude protein requirements of two quail species (Coturnix japonica and Coturnix ypsilophorus). Journal of Animal and Plant Sciences, 25(3), 603-611.
15. Kaur, S., Mandal, A. B., Singh, K. B., Kadam, M. M. (2008). The response of Japanese quails (heavy body weight line) to dietary energy levels and graded essential amino acid levels on growth performance and immuno-competence. Livestock Science, 117(2-3), 255-262. DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2007.12.019.
16. Lan, R., Li, S., Chang, Q., An, L., Zhao, Z. (2020). Sodium butyrate enhances growth performance and intestinal development in broilers. Czech Journal of Animal Science, 65(1), 1-12. DOI: 10.17221/190/2019-CJAS.
17. Leeson, S., Namkung, H., Antongiovanni, M., Lee, E. H. (2005). Effect of butyric acid on the performance and carcass yield of broiler chickens. Poultry Science, 84(9), 1418-1422. DOI: 10.1093/ps/84.9.1418.
18. Mahmood, M., Saima, A. R., Akram, M., Pasha, T. N., Jabbar, M. A. (2014). Effect of dietary energy levels on growth performance and feed cost analysis in Japanese quail. Pakistan Journal of Zoology, 46(5), 1357-1362.
19. Majdolhosseini, L., Ghasemi, H. A., Hajkhodadadi, I., Moradi, M. H. (2019). Nutritional and physiological responses of broiler chickens to dietary supplementation with de-oiled soyabean lecithin at different metabolisable energy levels and various fat sources. British Journal of Nutrition, 122(8), 863-872. DOI: DOI: 10.1017/S000711451900182X.
20. Minitab, (2000). Minitab statistical software. Minitab Release, 13.
21. Muniz, J. C. L., Barreto, S. L. D. T., Mencalha, R., Viana, G. D. S., Reis, R. D. S., Ribeiro, C. L. N., Hannas, M. I., Albino, L. F. T. (2016). Metabolizable energy levels for meat quails from 15 to 35 days of age. Ciência Rural, 46(10), 1852-1857. DOI: 10.1590/0103-8478cr20141666.
22. Muniz, J. C. L., Barreto, S. L. T., Viana, G. S., Mencalha, R., Reis, R. S., Hannas, M. I., Barbosa, L. M. R., Maia, R. C. (2018). Metabolizable energy levels for meat-type quails at starter phase. Brazilian Journal of Poultry Science, 20(2), 197-202. DOI: 10.1590/1806-9061-2017-0496.
23. NRC, (1994). Nutrient requirements of poultry. Ninth Edition. Washington, D.C: National Academy Press.
24. Salah, A. S., Ahmed‐Farid, O. A., El‐Tarabany, M. S. (2019). Carcass yields, muscle amino acid and fatty acid profiles, and antioxidant indices of broilers supplemented with synbiotic and/or organic acids. Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition, 103(1), 41-52. DOI: 10.1111/jpn.12994.
25. Saleh, A. A., Amber, K. A., Mousa, M. M., Nada, A. L., Awad, W., Dawood, M. A., El-Moneim, A., E., Ebeid, T. E., Abdel-Daim, M. M. (2020). A mixture of exogenous emulsifiers increased the acceptance of broilers to low energy diets: Growth performance, blood chemistry, and fatty acids traits. Animals, 10(3), 437. DOI: 10.3390/ani10030437.
26. Samanta, G., Ghosh, C., Samanta, G. (2016). Safe food from broiler chicks and Japanese quail with alternative antibiotic growth promoters. International Journal of Bio-Resource, Environment and Agricultural Sciences, 2(1), 222-225. http://www.sbear.in/V2(1)-02.pdf.
27. Shahir, M. H., Moradi, S., Afsarian, O., Esmaeilipour, O. (2013). Effects of cereal type, enzyme and sodiumbutyrate addition on growth performance, carcass traits and intestinal morphology of broilers. Brazilian Journal of Poultry Science, 15(3), 169–286. DOI: 10.1590/S1516-635X2013000300003.
28. Van Immerseel, F., Boyen, F., Gantois, I., Timbermont, L., Bohez, L., Pasmans, F., Haesebrouck, F., Ducatelle, R. (2005). Supplementation of coated butyric acid in the feed reduces colonisation and sheeding of Salmonella in poultry. Poultry Science, 84(12), 1851-1856. DOI: 10.1093/ps/84.12.1851.
29. Van Immerseel, F., Fievez, V., De Buck, J., Pasmans, F., Martel, A., Haesebrouck, F., Ducatelle, R. (2004). Microencapsulated short-chain fatty acids in feed modify colonisation and invasion early after infection with Salmonella enteritidis in young chickens. Poultry Science, 83(1), 69-74. DOI: 10.1093/ps/83.1.69.
30. Zhang, W. H., Jiang, Y., Zhu, Q. F., Gao, F., Dai, S. F., Chen, J., Zhou, G. H. (2011). Sodium butyrate maintains growth performance by regulating the immune response in broiler chickens. British Poultry Science, 52(3), 292-301. DOI: 10.1080/00071668.2011.578121.