Damızlık Japon Bıldırcın Rasyonlarına Anason Tohumu (Pimpinella anisum L.) İlavesinin Performans, Yumurta Kalitesi, Kemik Mineralizasyonu, Kan ve Üreme Parametrelerine Etkisi

Abstract

Bu çalışma, farklı seviyelerde anason tohumu içeren rasyonların damızlık Japon bıldırcınlarının performans, yumurta iç ve dış kalite özellikleri, kemik makro ve mikro mineral muhtevası, bazı serum parametreleri ve üreme özelliklerine etkisini tespit etmek için yapılmıştır. Çalışma, 28’er günlük 3 periyot şeklinde yürütülmüştür. Çalışmada 7 haftalık yaşta 180 adet bıldırcın (dişi:erkek oranı, 2:1) kullanılmış ve 0.0 (bazal rasyon), 4.5, 9.0, 13.5, 18.0, 22.5 g/kg seviyelerinde anason tohumu içeren 6 rasyon (6 muamele) tesadüf parselleri deneme planında ve 5 tekerrürlü olarak denenmiştir. Her bir tekerrürde 4 dişi ve 2 erkek bıldırcın kullanılmıştır. Çalışmada, bazal rasyona anason tohumu ilavesi, deneme sonu ağırlık, canlı ağırlık değişimi, serum glikoz, toplam protein, albümin, globulin, kolesterol, kreatinin, AST, ALT, kalsiyum ve fosfor, kemik kül, makro ve mikro mineral içeriği (demir, manganez ve kükürt içeriği hariç) ve çalışmanın farklı periyotlarında ve tüm çalışma dönemi ortalama yumurta verimi, yem tüketimi, yumurta ağırlığı, yumurta kütlesi, yemden yararlanma oranı (yem, g/yumurta kütlesi, g), yumurta kabuk kalite özellikleri (ortalama kusurlu yumurta oranı, şekil indeksi, yüzey alanı, özgül ağırlık, kabuk kırılma mukavemeti, kabuk kalınlığı, kabuk oranı% ve kabuk indeksini) ve yumurta iç kalite özellikleri (albümin ve sarı indeksi, Haugh birimi ve sarı rengi) ve üreme performansını (civciv çıkış ağırlığı, döllü yumurta oranı, kuluçkaya konan ve döllü yumurtalardan çıkış oranı (%), erken, orta, geç dönem ve tepsi embriyo ölümleri) önemli ölçüde etkilememiştir. Bununla beraber, 9 g/kg anason ile beslenen bıldırcınların yaşama gücü, bazal rasyonla beslenen bıldırcınlardan önemli ölçüde (P˂0.05) düşük bulunmuştur. Ayrıca anason içeren rasyonlarla beslenen bıldırcınların kemik demir ve manganez muhtevası, kontrol grubuna nispetle önemli derecede düşük iken, 18.5 ve 22.5 g/kg anason içeren rasyonla beslenen bıldırcınların kemik kükürt muhtevası diğer bütün gruplardan önemli derecede yüksek bulunmuştur (P˂0.05). Bu sonuçlar, damızlık bıldırcınlarda optimum performans, yumurta kabuğu kalitesi ve özellikle kemik mineralizasyonu için daha çok çalışmalara ihtiyaç olduğunu göstermektedir.

Keywords

• Bıldırcın
• anason
• kemik
• kan
• kabuk kalitesi

Effect of Adding Aniseed (Pimpinella anisum L.) to Diets of Breeding Japanese Quail on Performance, Egg Quality, Bone Mineralization, Blood and Reproductive Parameters

Abstract

This study was carried out to determine the effects of diets containing different levels of anise seed on the performance, egg internal and external quality characteristics, macro and micro mineral content of bone, some serum parameters and reproductive characteristics of breeding Japanese quail. The study was carried out in 3 periods of 28 days. In the study, a total of 180 quail at 7 weeks of age (female:male ratio, 2:1) were used and 6 diets (6 treatments) which were supplemented with anise seed at levels of 0.0 (basal diet), 4.5, 9.0, 13.5, 18.0, 22.5 g / kg were tested with 5 replicates consisting of 4 female and 2 male quail each in a completely randomized design. In the study, addition of anise seed to basal diet did not significantly affect final body weight, body weight change, serum glucose, total protein, albumin, globulin, cholesterol, creatinine, AST, ALT, calcium and phosphorus; ash, macro and micro minerals content of bone, except for iron, manganese and sulfur content and the average hen day egg production, feed consumption, egg weight, egg mass, feed conversion ratio (feed, g/egg mass, g), egg shell quality characteristics (average defective egg rate, shape index, surface area, specific gravity, shell breaking strength, shell thickness as well as shell ratio and shell index, except for third period) and egg internal quality characteristics (albumen and yellow index, Haugh unit, yellow color), and reproductive performance (chick weights at hatching, fertility, hatchability of eggs set (%), hatchability of fertile eggs (%), embryonic mortalities, in early, middle, late periods and tray embryo deaths) at different periods and the whole period of the study. However, livability value of the quail supplied with 9 g/kg aniseed was found to be significantly lower than quail fed basal diet (P˂0.05), In addition, while bone iron and manganese content of quail which were fed with diets containing aniseed was significantly lower than the control group, bone sulfur content of quail fed with diet containing 18.5 and 22.5 g/kg aniseed was significantly higher than all other groups (P˂0.05). These results show that further studies are needed for optimum performance, eggshell quality and especially bone mineralization in breeding quail.

Keywords

• Quail
• aniseed
• blood
• bone
• shell quality

References

1. Adaszyńska-Skwirzyńska, M., Szczerbińska, D. (2017). Use of essential oils in broiler chicken production–a review. Annals of Animal Science, 17(2), 317-335. DOI: 10.1515/aoas-2016-0046.
2. Akgül, A. (1993). Baharat Bilimi ve Teknolojisi. Gıda Teknolojisi Derneği Yayınları, Ankara.
3. Ali, M. N., Hassan, M. S., Abd El-Ghany, F. A. (2007). Effect of strain, type of natural antioxidant and sulphate ion on productive, physiological and hatching performance of native laying hens. International Journal of Poultry Science, 6(8), 539-554.
4. Arslan, N., Gürbüz, B., Sarihan, E. O., Bayrak, A., Gümüşçü, A. (2004). Variation in essential oil content and composition in Turkish anise (Pimpinella anisum L.) populations. Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry, 28(3), 173-177.
5. Aygun, A., Sert, D., Copur, G. (2012). Effects of propolis on eggshell microbial activity, hatchability, and chick performance in Japanese quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica) eggs. Poultry Science, 91(4), 1018-1025. DOI: 10.3382/ps.2011-01944.
6. Bayram, I., Cetingul, I. S., Akkaya, B., Uyarlar, C. (2007). Effects of Aniseed (Pimpinella anisum L.), on egg production, quality, cholesterol levels, hatching results and the antibody values in blood of laying quails (Coturnix coturnix japonica). Archiva Zootechnica, 10: 73-77.
7. Beshara, M. M., Gabry, H. A. E., Attia, K. M. ve Hasan, R. A. (2018). Effect of dietary cholecalciferol and anethole source on productive and reproductive performance of local laying hens 1-from 25 to 40 weeks of age. Egyptian Poultry Science Journal, 38 (4), 1025-1046. DOI: 10.21608/EPSJ.2018.22688.
8. Brenes, A., Roura, E. (2010). Essential oils in poultry nutrition: Main effects and modes of action. Animal Feed Science and Technology, 158(1-2), 1-14. DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2010.03.007.

9. Buğdaycı, K. E., Oğuz, F. K., Oğuz, M. N., Kuter, E. (2018). Effects of fennel seed supplementation of ration on performance, egg quality, serum cholesterol, and total phenol content of egg yolk of laying quails. Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia, 47. DOI: 10.1590/rbz4720170160.
10. Burt, S. (2004). Essential oils: their antibacterial properties and potential applications in foods—a review. International Journal of Food Microbiology, 94(3), 223-253. DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2004.03.022.
11. Carter, T. C. (1975). The hen's egg: Estimation of shell superficial area and egg volume, using measurements of fresh egg weight and shell length and breadth alone or in combination. British Poultry Science, 16(5), 541-543. DOI: 10.1080/00071667508416224.
12. Christaki, E. V., Bonos, E. M., Florou-Paneri, P. C. (2011a). Use of anise seed and/or α-tocopheryl acetate in laying Japanese quail diets. South African Journal of Animal Science, 41(2), 126-133. DOI: 10.4314/sajas.v41i2.71016.
13. Christaki, E. V., Bonos, E. M., Florou-Paneri, P. C. (2011b). Comparative evaluation of dietary oregano, anise and olive leaves in laying Japanese quails. Brazilian Journal of Poultry Science, 13(2), 97-101. DOI: 10.1590/S1516-635X2011000200003.
14. Çınar, E. (2019). Anason (Pimpinella anisum L.) tohumunun yumurtacı tavuklarda verim ve yumurta kalitesi üzerine etkisi. (Yüksek lisans tezi). Uşak Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Uşak.
15. Duke, J. A. (1991). CRC Handbook of medicinal herbs. CRC Press Incorporated, Florida.
16. Düzgüneş, O. (1975). İstatistik Metotları. Ankara Üniversitesi, Ziraat Fakültesi Yayınları, Ankara Üniversitesi Basımevi, Ankara.
17. ElDeeb, M. A., Metwally, M. A., Galal, A. E. (2006). The impact of botanical extract, capsicum (Capsicum frutescence L.) oil supplementation and their interactions on the productive performance of L.S.L. laying hens. Egyptian Journal of Animal Production, 43(Suppl Issue), 211-221.
18. ElDeeb, M. A., Metwally, M. A., Galal, A. E. (2007). The impact of botanical extract, capsicum (Capsicum frutescence L.), anise and molukhyia (Corchorus olitorius) supplementation and their interactions on productive and reproductive performance of Japanese quail (Coturnix japonica). 4th World Poultry Conference, 27-30 March 2007, 455-464, Sharm El-Seikh.
19. El-Deek, A. A., Attia, Y. A., Hannfy, M. M. (2002). Effect of anise (Pimpinella anisum), ginger (Zingiber officinale roscoe) and fennel (Foeniculum vulgare) and their mixture on performance of broilers. Archiv fur Geflugelkunde, 67(2), 92-96.
20. Gill, A. O., Delaquis, P., Russo, P., Holley, R. A. (2002). Evaluation of antilisterial action of cilantro oil on vacuum packed ham. International Journal of Food Microbiology, 73(1), 83-92. DOI: 10.1016/S0168-1605(01)00712-7.
21. Gülçın, İ., Oktay, M., Kıreçcı, E., Küfrevıoǧlu, Ö. İ. (2003). Screening of antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of anise (Pimpinella anisum L.) seed extracts. Food Chemistry, 83(3), 371-382. DOI: 10.1016/S0308-8146(03)00098-0.
22. Hashemi, S. R., Davoodi, H. (2010). Phytogenics as new class of feed additive in poultry industry. Journal of Animal and Veterinary Advances, 9(17), 2295–2304. Haugh, R. R. (1937). The Haugh unit for measuring egg quality. United States Egg and Poultry Magazine, 43: 522-555.
23. Kim, S. W., Fan, M. Z., Applegate, T. J. (2008). Nonruminant nutrition symposium on natural phytobiotics for health of young animals and poultry: mechanisms and application. Journal of Animal Science, 86(suppl_14), E138-E139. DOI: 10.2527/jas.2007-0769.
24. Kubo, I., Fujita, K. I., Nihei, K. I. (2008). Antimicrobial activity of anethole and related compounds from aniseed. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture, 88(2), 242-247. DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.3079.
25. Lambert, R. J. W., Skandamis, P. N., Coote, P. J., Nychas, G. J. (2001). A study of the minimum inhibitory concentration and mode of action of oregano essential oil, thymol and carvacrol. Journal of Applied Microbiology, 91(3), 453-462. DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2672.2001.01428.x.
26. Leclercq, B., Blum, J., Sauveur, B., Stevens, P. (1987). In feeding non ruminant livestock. Translated and Edited by J. Wiseman, Butterworth-Heinemann, London.
27. Lewandowski, A. H., Campbell, T. W., Harrison, G. J. (1986). Clinical Chemistry. (Harrison, G. J., Harrison, L. R. Eds.), Clinical Avian Medicine and Surgery, 192–200, Saunders, Philadelphia.
28. Meluzzi, A., Primiceri, G., Giordani, R., Fabris, G. (1992). Determination of blood constituents reference values in broilers. Poultry Science, 71(2), 337-345. DOI: 10.3382/ps.0710337.
29. Mourey, A., Canillac, N. (2002). Anti-Listeria monocytogenes activity of essential oils components of conifers. Food Control, 13(4-5), 289-292. DOI: 10.1016/S0956-7135(02)00026-9.
30. Nasiroleslami, M., Torki, M. (2010). Including essential oils of fennel (Foeniculum vulgare) and ginger (Zingiber officinale) to diet and evaluating performance of laying hens, white blood cell count and egg quality characteristics. Advances in Environmental Biology, 4(3), 341-345.
31. Olgun, O. (2016). The effect of dietary essential oil mixture supplementation on performance, egg quality and bone characteristics in laying hens. Annals of Animal Science, 16(4), 1115-1125. DOI. 10.1515/aoas-2016-0038.
32. Olgun, O., Yıldız, A. Ö. (2014). Effect of dietary supplementation of essential oils mixture on performance, eggshell quality, hatchability, and mineral excretion in quail breeders. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 21(23), 13434-13439.
33. Panda, K., Rao, S. R., Raju, M. V. L. N. (2006). Natural growth promoters have potential in poultry feeding systems. Feed Technology, 10(8), 23-25.
34. Shojaii, A., Fard, M. A. (2012). Review of pharmacological properties and chemical constituents of Pimpinella anisum. International Scholarly Research Network Pharmaceutics, 2012. DOI: 10.5402/2012/510795.
35. Steiner, T. (2009). Application and benefits of phytogenetics in egg production. In: Phytogenics in animal nutrition: Natural concepts to optimize gut health and performance. Ed. Steiner, Nottingham University Press, Nottingham
36. Świątkiewicz, S., Arczewska-Włosek, A., Józefiak, D. (2014). Bones quality indices in laying hens fed diets with a high level of DDGS and supplemented with selected feed additives. Czech Journal of Animal Science, 59(2), 61-68.
37. Tuncer, H. (1974). Yabani Bitkilerin Tıpta İlaç Olarak Kullanışları. II Cilt. (Tercüme, Hayati Zade Mustafa Fevzi Efendi’nin Haza Fihristi Risalei Fevziye Fi Lugatı Müfredatı Et Tıbbiyye. Yayın tarihi, 1693). Tarım Bakanlığı Yayınları, Neşriyat ve Tanıtma Müdürlüğü, Başbakanlık Basımevi, Döner Sermaye İşletmesi, Ankara.
38. Wenk, C. (2003). Herbs and botanicals as feed additives in monogastric animals. Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Science, 16(2), 282-289. DOI: 10.5713/ajas.2003.282.
39. Windisch, W., Schedle, K., Plitzner, C., Kroismayr, A. (2008). Use of phytogenic products as feed additives for swine and poultry. Journal of Animal Science, 86(suppl_14), E140-E148. DOI: 10.2527/jas.2007-0459.