Farklı Seviyelerde Metabolik Enerji İçeren Rasyonlara Probiyotik-Enzim Karışımı İlavesinin Yumurtlayan Bıldırcınlarda Performansa, Yumurta Kalitesine ve Serum Parametrelerine Etkisi

Year 2021, Volume: 10 Issue: 1, 10 - 19, 17.06.2021

Alpönder Yıldız Osman Olgun Esra Tuğçe Şentürk

Abstract

Bu çalışma farklı seviyelerde metabolik enerji içeren rasyonlara probiyotik-enzim karışımı ilavesinin yumurtlayan bıldırcınlarda performans, yumurta kalitesi ile serum parametrelerine etkisini belirlemek için yürütülmüştür. 3 x 2 tesadüf parselleri deneme deseninde, 3 metabolik enerji seviyesi (2900 (kontrol), 2775 ve 2650 kkal/kg) ve iki probiyotik-enzim karışımı ilavesinin (0 ve 1 g/kg) oluşturduğu, her birinde 5 dişi bıldırcın bulunan 4 tekerrürlü 6 muamele grubu ile denenmiştir. On haftalık yaşta toplam 120 adet dişi bıldırcın 10 hafta boyunca deneme rasyonları ile beslenmişlerdir.
Ana faktör olarak rasyon metabolik enerji seviyesinin 2650 kkal/kg’a düşürülmesi yemden yararlanma oranını ve kabuk kalınlığını olumsuz, Haugh birimini olumlu etkilemiş ve serum kolesterol konsantrasyonunu yükseltmiştir (P<0.05). Rasyon metabolik enerji seviyesinin 2775 kkal/kg düşürülmesi ile özgül ağırlık ve serum kalsiyum konsantrasyonu yükselmiştir (P<0.05). Rasyona probiyotik-enzim karışımı ilavesi yumurta verimini, yemden yararlanma oranını, kabuk kalınlığını ve serum kalsiyum ile fosfor konsantrasyonlarını olumlu etkilemiş, serum glukoz konsantrasyonunu düşürmüştür (P<0.05). Rasyon metabolik enerjisi ve probiyotik-enzim karışımı arasındaki interaksiyonlar sadece serum kalsiyum konsantrasyonu üzerine etkili olmuştur (P<0.05).
Sonuç olarak, yumurtlayan bıldırcınların 2775 kkal/kg metabolik enerji içeren rasyonlar ile performans etkilenmeksizin beslenebileceği ve rasyona probiyotik-enzim karşımı ilavesi ile performansın, kabuk kalitesinin ve serum parametrelerinin olumlu etkilendiği, ancak rasyon enerji seviyesinin 2650 kkal/kg düşürülmesinin incelenen parametreleri olumsuz etkilediği söylenebilir.

Keywords

Metabolik enerji, bıldırcın, performans, probiyotik-enzim, kabuk kalitesi

Effects of Probiotic-Enzyme Mixture Addition to Diets Containing Different Levels of Metabolic Energy on Performance, Egg Quality and Some Serum Parameters in Laying Quails

Abstract

This study was conducted to determine the effect of the supplementation of probiotic-enzyme mixture to diets containing different levels of metabolic energy on performance, egg quality and serum parameters in laying quails. The research was tested in a 3 x 2 factorial treatment design with six experimental groups of four subgroups (with five quails each), consisting of three metabolic energy levels (2900 (control), 2775 or 2650 kcal/kg) and two probiotic-enzyme mixtures (0 or 1 g/kg). A total of 120 female quails at the age of ten weeks were fed with experimental diets for 10 weeks.
As the main factor, decreasing the diet metabolic energy level to 2650 kcal/kg negatively affected the feed conversion ratio and eggshell thickness, positively affected the Haugh unit and increased serum cholesterol concentration (P<0.05). In addition, with the decrease in the metabolic energy level of the diet to 2775 kcal/kg, the specific gravity and serum calcium concentration increased. The addition of probiotic-enzyme mixture to the diet, positively affected egg production, feed conversion ratio, eggshell thickness, serum calcium and phosphorus concentrations, and decreased serum glucose concentration (P<0.05). The interactions between diet metabolic energy and probiotic-enzyme mixture affected only serum calcium concentration (P<0.05).
As a result, it can be said that laying quails can be fed with diets containing 2775 kcal/kg metabolic energy without affecting performance and the addition of probiotic-enzyme mixture to the diet affects the performance, eggshell quality and serum parameters positively, but decreasing the diet energy level by 2650 kcal/kg negatively affects the parameters examined.

Keywords

Metabolic energy, quail, performance, enzyme-probiotic, eggshell quality

References

• Agboola, A. F., Omidiwura, B. R. O., Ologbosere, D. Y., Iyayi, E. A. (2016). Determination of crude protein and metabolisable energy of Japanese quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica) during laying period. Journal of World Poultry Research, 6(3), 131-138. http://jwpr.science-line.com.
• Barreto, S. L. T., Quirino, B. J. S., Brito, C. O., Umigi, R. T., Araujo, M. S., Coimbra, J. S. R., Rojas, E. E. G., Freitas, J. F., Reis, R. S. (2007). Metabolizable energy levels for Japanese quails in the initial laying phase. Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia, 36(1), 79-85. DOI: 10.1590/S1516-35982007000100010.
• Coates, M. E., Fuller, R. (1977). The genotobioticanimal in the study of gut microbiology. (Clarke, R. T. J., Bauchop, T. Eds.) Microbial ecology of the gut. Academic Press, 311-346. London.
• Duncan, D. B. (1955). Multiple range and multiple F test. Biometrics, 11: 1-42.
• Elangovan, A. V., Mandal, A. B., Tyagi, P. K., Tyagi, P. K., Toppo, S., Johri, T. S. (2004). Effects of enzymes in diets with varying energy levels on growth and egg production performance of Japanese quail. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture, 84(15), 2028-2034. DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.1910.
• El-Katcha, M. I., Soltan, M. A., El-Kaney, H. F., Karwarie, E. R. (2014). Growth performance, blood parameters, immune response and carcass traits of broiler chicks fed on graded levels of wheat instead of corn without or with enzyme supplementation. Alexandria Journal of Veterinary Sciences, 40(1), 95-111. DOI: 10.5455/AJVS.48232.
• Freitas, A. C. D., Fuentes, M. D. F. F., Freitas, E. R., Sucupira, F. S., Oliveira, B. C. M. D. (2005). Dietary crude protein and metabolizable energy levels on laying quails performance. Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia, 34(3), 838-846. DOI: 10.1590/S1516-35982005000300015.
• Fuller, R. (1989). Probiotics in man and animals. Journal of Applied Bacteriology, 66: 365-378. DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2672.1989.tb05105.x.
• Hajati, H. (2010). Effects of enzyme supplementation on performance, carcass characteristics, carcass composition and some blood parameters of broiler chicken. American Journal of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, 5(3), 221-227. DOI: 10.3844/ajavsp.2010.221.227.
• Haugh, R. R. (1937). The Haugh unit for measuring egg quality. US Egg Poultry Magazine, 43: 522-555.
• Hu, X., Wang, Y., Sheikhahmadi, A., Li, X., Buyse, J., Lin, H., & Song, Z. (2019). Effects of dietary energy level on appetite and central adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) in broilers. Journal of Animal Science, 97(11), 4488-4495. DOI: 10.1093/jas/skz312.
• Hurtado-Nery, V. L., Torres-Novoa, D. M., Daza-Garzón, M. F. (2015). The effect of crude protein and metabolisable energy levels on quail egg quality. Orinoquia, 19(2), 195-202. DOI: 10.22579/20112629.319.
• Jang, H. D., Y. Hyun, H. S. Kim, I. W. Hwang, J. S. Yoo, H. J. Kim, S. O. Shin, Y. Hwang, T. X. Zhou, Y. J. Chen, J. H. Cho, Kim, I. H. (2008). Effect of dietary microbial phytase on laying performance, egg quality, phosphorus utilization and nutrient metabolizability in laying hens. Korean Journal of Poultry Science, 35(2), 115- 121. DOI: 10.5536/KJPS.2008.35.2.115.
• Khan, S. H., Atif, M., Mukhtar, N., Rehman, A., Fareed, G. (2011). Effects of supplementation of multi-enzyme and multi-species probiotic on production performance, egg quality, cholesterol level and immune system in laying hens. Journal of Applied Animal Research, 39(4), 386-398. DOI: 10.1080/09712119.2011.621538.
• Khan, R. U., Naz, S. (2013). The applications of probiotics in poultry production. World's Poultry Science Journal, 69(3), 621-632. DOI: 10.1017/S0043933913000627.
• Lázaro, R., Garcia, M., Medel, P., Mateos, G. G. (2003). Influence of enzymes on performance and digestive parameters of broilers fed rye-based diets. Poultry Science, 82(1), 132-140. DOI: 10.1093/ps/82.1.132.
• Lim, H. S., Namkung, H., Paik, I. K. (2003). Effects of phytase supplementation on the performance, egg quality, and phosphorous excretion of laying hens fed different levels of dietary calcium and nonphytate phosphorous. Poultry Science, 82(1), 92-99. DOI: 10.1093/ps/82.1.92.
• Liu, J. R., Lai, S. F., Yu, B. (2007). Evaluation of an intestinal Lactobacillus reuteri strain expressing rumen fungal xylanase as a probiotic for broiler chickens fed on a wheat-based diet. British Poultry Science, 48(4), 507-514. DOI: 10.1080/00071660701485034.
• Lotfi, E., Karimi, N., Parizadian Kavan, B., Sharifi, M. R. (2018). Influence of different dietary levels of energy and protein on reproductive and post hatch growth performance in Japanese quails. Iranian Journal of Applied Animal Science, 8(1), 137-145. http://journals.iau.ir/article_538910.html.
• Majdolhosseini, L., Ghasemi, H. A., Hajkhodadadi, I., Moradi, M. H. (2019). Nutritional and physiological responses of broiler chickens to dietary supplementation with de-oiled soyabean lecithin at different metabolisable energy levels and various fat sources. British Journal of Nutrition, 122(8), 863-872. DOI: 10.1017/S000711451900182X.
• Minitab, (2000). Minitab statistical software. Minitab Release, 13.
• Moura, G. D. S., Barreto, S. L. D. T., Donzele, J. L., Hosoda, L. R., Pena, G. D. M., Angelini, M. S. (2008). Diets of different energetic densities, keeping constant the metabolizable energy: Nutrients ratio, for laying Japanese quails. Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia, 37(9), 1628-1633. DOI: 10.1590/S1516-35982008000900015.
• Nahashon, S. N., Nakaue, H. S., Mirosh, L. W. (1994). Production variables and nutrient retention in Single Comb White Leghorn laying pullets fed diets supplemented with direct-fed microbials. Poultry Science, 73(11), 1699-1711. DOI: 10.3382/ps.0731699.
• NRC, (1994). National Research Council. Nutrient Requirements of Poultry. 9th ed. National Academy Press. Washington DC, USA.
• Park, J. H., Kim, I. H. (2016). Interactive effects of fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum L.) seed extract supplementation and dietary metabolisable energy levels on the growth performance, total tract digestibility, blood profiles, and excreta gas emission in broiler chickens. Animal Production Science, 56(10), 1677-1682. DOI: 10.1071/AN14834.
• Pinto, R., Ferreira, A. S., Albino, L. F. T., Gomes, P. C., Vargas Júnior, J. G. D. (2002). Protein and energy levels for laying Japanese quails. Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia, 31(4), 1761-1770. DOI: 10.1590/S1516-35982002000700019.
• Pourakbari, M., Seidavi, A., Asadpour, L., Martínez, A. (2016). Probiotic level effects on growth performance, carcass traits, blood parameters, cecal microbiota, and immune response of broilers. Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências, 88(2), 1011-1021. DOI: 10.1590/0001-3765201620150071.
• Ravindran, V. (2013). Feed enzymes: The science, practice, and metabolic realities. Journal of Applied Poultry Research, 22(3), 628-636. DOI: 10.3382/japr.2013-00739.
• Resende, V. C. D. S., Brainer, M. M. D. A., Modesto, K. P., Leite, P. R. D. S. D. C., Freitas, P. V. D. X. D. (2017). Effects of enzyme supplementation on diets of medium-heavy laying hens at 28 to 40 weeks. Revista Ciência Agronômica, 48(4), 683-689. DOI: 10.5935/1806-6690.20170079.
• Roberts, J. R. (2003). Effects of commercial feed enzymes in wheat-based diets on egg and egg shell quality in imported strains of laying hen. Proceedings of the Australian Poultry Science Symposium, 139-142, Sidney, Australian.
• Rolfe, R. D. (2000). The role of probiotic cultures in the control of gastrointestinal health. The Journal of Nutrition, 130(2), 396-402. DOI: 10.1093/jn/130.2.396S.
• Saarela, M., Mogensen, G., Fonden, R., Mättö, J., Mattila-Sandholm, T. (2000). Probiotic bacteria: safety, functional and technological properties. Journal of Biotechnology, 84(3), 197-215. DOI: 10.1016/S0168-1656(00)00375-8.
• Saleh, A. A., Amber, K. A., Mousa, M. M., Nada, A. L., Awad, W., Dawood, M. A., Abdel- Moneim, A. E., Ebeid, T. A., Abdel-Daim, M. M. (2020). A mixture of exogenous emulsifiers increased the acceptance of broilers to low energy diets: Growth performance, blood chemistry, and fatty acids traits. Animals, 10(3), 437. DOI: 10.3390/ani10030437.
• Salianeh, N., Shirzad, M. R., Seifi, S. (2011). Performance and antibody response of broiler chickens fed diets containing probiotic and prebiotic. Journal of Applied Animal Research, 39(1), 65-67. DOI: 10.1080/09712119.2011.565222.
• Shehata, A. A. M. (2000). Using some Aquaticplants in feeding chicks. (PhD thesis). Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Egypt.
• Thomas, D. V., Ravindran, V. (2010). Mineral retention in young broiler chicks fed diets based on wheat, sorghum or maize. Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences, 23(1), 68-73. DOI: 10.1071/EA08204.
• Van Der Klis, J. D., Kwakernaak, C., De Witt, W. (1995). Effects of endoxylanase addition to wheat-based diets on physico-chemical chyme conditions and mineral absorption in broilers. Animal Feed Science and Technology, 51(1-2), 15-27. DOI: 10.1016/0377-8401(95)00687-I.
• Velasco, S., Ortiz, L. T., Alzueta, C., Rebole, A., Trevino, J., Rodriguez, M. L. (2010). Effect of inulin supplementation and dietary fat source on performance, blood serum metabolites, liver lipids, abdominal fat deposition, and tissue fatty acid composition in broiler chickens. Poultry Science, 89(8), 1651-1662. DOI: 10.3382/ps.2010-00687.
• Wells, R. G. (1968). A study of the hen’s egg. British Egg Marketing Board Symposium, Edinburgh. 207-249.
• Zamora, V., Figueroa, J. L., Reyna, L., Cordero, J. L., Sánchez-Torres, M. T., Martínez, M. (2011). Growth performance, carcass characteristics and plasma urea nitrogen concentration of nursery pigs fed low-protein diets supplemented with glucomannans or protease. Journal of Applied Animal Research, 39(1), 53-56. DOI: 10.1080/09712119.2011.565217.