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Ruminantlarda Verimliliği Artırmak İçin Bitkisel Flavonoidlerin Kullanımı

Year 2023, Volume: 12 Issue: 1, 50 - 58, 04.07.2023

Abstract

Son yıllarda, iyonofor antibiyotiklerin hayvancılıkta kullanımı kısıtlandığı için; hayvan beslemede bitkisel Flavonoidlerin kullanımının araştırılması artmıştır. Flavonoidler, antienflamatuar ve antioksidan fonksiyonlara sahip olduğu bilinen bir polifenol sınıfıdır. Yapılan çalışmalarda, flavonoidlerin yeni doğan sağlığı, canlı ağırlık artışı, rumen fermantasyonuna etkinliği, süt üretimi ve süt ineklerinde strese dayanıklılık alanlarında olumlu etkileri görülmüştür. Flavonoidlerin aglikon formunun biyoyararlanımı insanlar ve monogastrik türlerde yüksektir. Ruminantlarda ise aglikon form rumen mikroorganizmaları tarafından hızlı bir şekilde parçalanabilir. Biyoyararlanım çalışmalarında, aglikon formunun yeni doğan buzağılarda biyolojik olarak daha kullanılabilir bir kaynak olmasına rağmen, rumen geliştikçe bu yararlanım giderek azalmaktadır. Hayvan beslemede flavonoid takviyesi, özellikle stres dönemlerinde ciddi fayda sağlamaktadır. Buzağılarda flavonoid takviyesi; büyümede istenilen düzeyde bir etki göstermezken, diyarelerin şiddetini azaltmada oldukça etkilidir. Flavonoidler, yoğun tane yem içeren rasyonlarla beslenen sığırlarda rumen pH’ını tamponlayarak subklinik rumen asidozu riskini azaltmaktadır. Geçiş döneminde süt ineklerine farklı formlarda flavonoid takviyesi ile doğum sonrasında mastitis, endoplazmik retiküler stres ve yağlı karaciğer sendromu gibi metabolik ve patolojik problemlerin insidensin de azalmalar görülmüştür. Laktasyon dönemindeki flavonoid kullanımında ise süt verimi artarken süt bileşenlerinde herhangi bir değişiklik olmadığı belirlenmiştir. Flavonoid kullanımı ile süt sığırlarında somatik hücre sayısı ve klinik mastitis vakaları azaldığı rapor edilmektedir. Genel olarak flavonoidlerin bu etkilerine bakılarak stresli dönemlerde hayvanlarda görülebilecek olan metabolik ve patojenik problemleri azaltarak ruminantlarda verimliliği artırabileceği söylenebilir.

References

  • Allen, H.K., Levine, U.Y., Looft, T., Bandrick, M., Casey, T.A., 2013. Treatment, promotion, commotion: antibiotic alternatives in food-producing animals. Trends Microbiol. 21, 114–119. (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tim.2012.11.001)
  • Boudet, A., 2007. Evolution and current status of research in phenolic compounds. Phytochemistry 68, 2722–2735. (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phytochem.2007.06.012)
  • Balasundram, N., Sundram, K., Sammman, S., 2006. Phenolic compounds in plants and agri-industrial by-products: antioxidant activity, occurrence, and potential uses. Food Chem. 99, 191–203. (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2005.07.042.)
  • Diaz-Sanchez, S., Souza, D.D., Biswas, D., Hanning, I., 2015. Botanical alternatives to antibiotics for use in organic poultry production. Poult. Sci. 94, 1419–1430.
  • Middleton, E., Kandaswami, C., Theoharides, T.C., 2000. The effects of plant flavonoids on mammalian cells: implications for inflammation, heart disease, and cancer. Pharmacol. Rev. 52, 673–751.
  • Olagaray KE, Bradford BJ, 2019. Animal Feed Science and Technology, 251, 21–36.
  • Berger, L.M., Blank, R., Zorn, F., Wein, S., Metges, C.C., Wolffram, S., 2015. Ruminal degradation of quercetin and its influence on fermentation in ruminants. J. Dairy Sci. 98, 5688–5698. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.2015-9633.
  • Maciej J, Schaff CT, Kanitz E, Tuchscherer A, Bruckmaier RM, Wolffram S, Hammon HM, 2015. Bioavailability of the flavonol quercetin in neonatal calves after oral administration of quercetin aglycone or rutin. J. Dairy Sci. 98, 3906–3917. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.2015-9361.
  • Gruse J, Go S, Tuchscherer A, Otten W, Weitzel JM, Metges CC, Wolffram S, Hammon HM, 2015. The effects of oral quercetin supplementation on splanchnic glucose metabolism in 1-week-old calves depend on diet after birth. J. Nutr. 145, 2486–2495. https://doi.org/10.3945/jn.115.218271.Quercetin.
  • Gohlke, A., Ingelmann, C.J., Numberg, G., Weitzel, J.M., Hammon, H.M., Gors, S., Starke, A., Wolffram, S., Metges, C.C., 2013a. Influence of 4-week intraduodenal supplementation of quercetin on performance, glucose metabolism, and mRNA abundance of genes related to glucose metabolism and antioxidative status in dairy cows. J. Dairy Sci. 96, 6986–7000. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.2013-6852.
  • Gohlke, A., Ingelmann, C.J., Nurnberg, G., Starke, A., Wolffram, S., Metges, C.C., 2013b. Bioavailability of quercetin from its aglycone and its glucorhamnoside rutin in lactating dairy cows after intraduodenal administration. J. Dairy Sci. 96, 2303–2313. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.2012-6234.
  • Ishihara, N., Chuu, D.C., Akachi, S., Juneja, L.R., 2001. Improvement of intestinal microflora balance and prevention of digestive and respiratory organ diseases in calves by green tea extracts. Livest. Prod. Sci. 68, 217–229.
  • Weyl-Feinstein, S., Markovics, A., Eitam, H., Orlov, A., Yishay, M., Agmon, R., Miron, J., Izhaki, I., Shabtay, A., 2014. Effect of pomegranate-residue supplement on Cryptosporidium parvum oocyst shedding in neonatal calves. J. Dairy Sci. 97, 5800–5805. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.2013-7136.
  • Cushnie, T.P.T., Lamb, A.J., 2005. Antimicrobial activity of flavonoids. Int. J. Antimicrob. Agents 26, 343–356. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2005.09.002.
  • Johnson, K.A., Johnson, D.E., 1995. Methane emissions from cattle. J. Anim. Sci. 73, 2483–2492.
  • Babii, C., Bahrin, L.G., Neagu, A., Gostin, I., Mihasan, M., Birsa, L.M., Stefan, M., 2016. Antibacterial activity and proposed action mechanism of a new class of synthetic tricyclic flavonoids. J. Appl. Microbiol. 120, 630–637. https://doi.org/10.1111/jam.13048.
  • Babii, C., Mihalache, G., Bahrin, L.G., Neagu, A., Birsa, L.M., Gostin, I., Mihai, C.T., Sa, L., Stefan, M., 2018. A novel synthetic flavonoid with potent antibacterial properties: in vitro activity and proposed mode of action. PLoS One 13, 1–15.
  • Kim, E.T., Guan, L.L., Lee, S.J., Lee, S.M., Lee, S.S., Lee, I.D., Lee, S.K., Lee, S.S., 2015. Effects of flavonoid-rich plant extracts on in vitro ruminal methanogenesis, microbial populations and fermentation characteristics. Asian-Austral. J. Anim. Sci. 28, 530–537.
  • Cui, K., Guo, X.D., Tu, Y., Zhang, N.F., Ma, T., Diao, Q.Y., 2015. Effect of dietary supplementation of rutin on lactation performance, ruminal fermentation and metabolism in dairy cows. J. Anim. Physiol. Anim. Nutr. (Berl.) 99, 1065–1073. https://doi.org/10.1111/jpn.12334.
  • Bertoni, G., Trevisi, E., Han, X., Bionaz, M., 2008. Effects of inflammatory conditions on liver activity in puerperium period and consequences for performance in dairy cows. J. Dairy Sci. 91, 3300–3310. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.2008-0995.
  • Farney, J.K., Mamedova, L.K., Coetzee, J.F., Kukanich, B., Sordillo, L.M., Stoakes, S.K., Minton, J.E., Hollis, L.C., Bradford, B.J., 2013a. Anti-inflammatory salicylate treatment alters the metabolic adaptations to lactation in dairy cattle. Am. J. Physiol. Regul. Integr. Comp. Physiol. 305, 110–117. https://doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.00152.2013.
  • Farney, J.K., Mamedova, L.K., Coetzee, J.F., Minton, J.E., Hollis, L.C., Bradford, B.J., 2013b. Sodium salicylate treatment in early lactation increases whole-lactation milk and milk fat yield in mature dairy cows. J. Dairy Sci. 96, 7709–7718. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.2013-7088. Garavaglia, L., 2015. Silymarin and lycopene administration in periparturient dairy cows: effects on milk production and oxidative status. N. Z. Vet. J. 63, 313–318.
  • Tedesco, D., Tava, A., Galletti, S., Tameni, M., Varisco, G., Costa, A., Steidler, S., 2004b. Effects of silymarin, a natural hepatoprotector, in periparturient dairy cows. J. Dairy Sci. 87, 2239–2247. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.S00220302(04)70044-2.
  • Gessner, D.K., Koch, C., Romberg, F., Winkler, A., Dusel, G., Herzog, E., Most, E., Eder, K., 2015. The effect of grape seed and grape marc meal extract on milk performance and the expression of genes of endoplasmic reticulum stress and inflammation in the liver of dairy cows in early lactation. J. Dairy Sci. 98, 1–13. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.2015-9478. Winkler, A., Gesserner, D.K., Koch, C., Romberg, F.-J., Dusel, G., Herzog, E., Most, E., Eder, K., 2015. Effects of a plant product consisting of green tea and curcuma extract on milk production and the expression of hepatic genes involved in endoplasmic stress response and inflammation in dairy cows. Arch. Anim. Nutr. 69, 425–441. https://doi.org/10.1080/1745039X.2015.1093873.
  • Gohlke, A., Ingelmann, C.J., Numberg, G., Weitzel, J.M., Hammon, H.M., Gors, S., Starke, A., Wolffram, S., Metges, C.C., 2013a. Influence of 4-week intraduodenal supplementation of quercetin on performance, glucose metabolism, and mRNA abundance of genes related to glucose metabolism and antioxidative status in dairy cows. J. Dairy Sci. 96, 6986–7000. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.2013-6852.
  • Stoldt, A., Derno, M., Das, G., Weitzel, J.M., Wolffram, S., Metges, C.C., 2016a. Effects of rutin and buckwheat seeds on energy metabolism and methane production in dairy cows. J. Dairy Sci. 99, 2161–2168. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.2015-10143.
  • Gomes, F., Henriques, M., 2016. Control of bovine mastitis: old and recent therapeutic approaches. Curr. Microbiol. 72, 377–382. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00284-015-0958-8.
  • Zhao, X., Lacasse, P., 2008. Mammary tissue damage during bovine mastitis: causes and control. J. Anim. Sci. 86, 57–65. https://doi.org/10.2527/jas.2007-0302.
  • Fiordalisi, S.A.L., Honorato, L.A., Loiko, M.R., Avancini, C.A.M., Veleirinho, M.B.R., Filho, L.C.P.M., Kuhnen, S., 2016. The effects of Brazilian propolis on etiological agents of mastitis and the viability of bovine mammary gland explants. J. Dairy Sci. 99, 2308–2318. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.2015-9777.
  • Jami, E., Shabtay, A., Nikbachat, M., Yosef, E., Miron, J., Mizrahi, I., 2012. Effects of adding a concentrated pomegranate-residue extract to the ration of lactating cows on in vivo digestibility and profile of rumen bacterial population. J. Dairy Sci. 95, 5996–6005. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.2012-5537.
  • Kahraman, A., Serteser, M., & KOKEN, T. (2002). Flavonoidler. Kocatepe Tıp Dergisi, 3(1).Karakaya, S., El, N.S., 1997 Karakaya, S., & El, S. N. (1997). Flavonoidler ve sağlık. Beslenme ve Diyet Dergisi, 26(2), 54-60.
Year 2023, Volume: 12 Issue: 1, 50 - 58, 04.07.2023

Abstract

References

  • Allen, H.K., Levine, U.Y., Looft, T., Bandrick, M., Casey, T.A., 2013. Treatment, promotion, commotion: antibiotic alternatives in food-producing animals. Trends Microbiol. 21, 114–119. (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tim.2012.11.001)
  • Boudet, A., 2007. Evolution and current status of research in phenolic compounds. Phytochemistry 68, 2722–2735. (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phytochem.2007.06.012)
  • Balasundram, N., Sundram, K., Sammman, S., 2006. Phenolic compounds in plants and agri-industrial by-products: antioxidant activity, occurrence, and potential uses. Food Chem. 99, 191–203. (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2005.07.042.)
  • Diaz-Sanchez, S., Souza, D.D., Biswas, D., Hanning, I., 2015. Botanical alternatives to antibiotics for use in organic poultry production. Poult. Sci. 94, 1419–1430.
  • Middleton, E., Kandaswami, C., Theoharides, T.C., 2000. The effects of plant flavonoids on mammalian cells: implications for inflammation, heart disease, and cancer. Pharmacol. Rev. 52, 673–751.
  • Olagaray KE, Bradford BJ, 2019. Animal Feed Science and Technology, 251, 21–36.
  • Berger, L.M., Blank, R., Zorn, F., Wein, S., Metges, C.C., Wolffram, S., 2015. Ruminal degradation of quercetin and its influence on fermentation in ruminants. J. Dairy Sci. 98, 5688–5698. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.2015-9633.
  • Maciej J, Schaff CT, Kanitz E, Tuchscherer A, Bruckmaier RM, Wolffram S, Hammon HM, 2015. Bioavailability of the flavonol quercetin in neonatal calves after oral administration of quercetin aglycone or rutin. J. Dairy Sci. 98, 3906–3917. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.2015-9361.
  • Gruse J, Go S, Tuchscherer A, Otten W, Weitzel JM, Metges CC, Wolffram S, Hammon HM, 2015. The effects of oral quercetin supplementation on splanchnic glucose metabolism in 1-week-old calves depend on diet after birth. J. Nutr. 145, 2486–2495. https://doi.org/10.3945/jn.115.218271.Quercetin.
  • Gohlke, A., Ingelmann, C.J., Numberg, G., Weitzel, J.M., Hammon, H.M., Gors, S., Starke, A., Wolffram, S., Metges, C.C., 2013a. Influence of 4-week intraduodenal supplementation of quercetin on performance, glucose metabolism, and mRNA abundance of genes related to glucose metabolism and antioxidative status in dairy cows. J. Dairy Sci. 96, 6986–7000. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.2013-6852.
  • Gohlke, A., Ingelmann, C.J., Nurnberg, G., Starke, A., Wolffram, S., Metges, C.C., 2013b. Bioavailability of quercetin from its aglycone and its glucorhamnoside rutin in lactating dairy cows after intraduodenal administration. J. Dairy Sci. 96, 2303–2313. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.2012-6234.
  • Ishihara, N., Chuu, D.C., Akachi, S., Juneja, L.R., 2001. Improvement of intestinal microflora balance and prevention of digestive and respiratory organ diseases in calves by green tea extracts. Livest. Prod. Sci. 68, 217–229.
  • Weyl-Feinstein, S., Markovics, A., Eitam, H., Orlov, A., Yishay, M., Agmon, R., Miron, J., Izhaki, I., Shabtay, A., 2014. Effect of pomegranate-residue supplement on Cryptosporidium parvum oocyst shedding in neonatal calves. J. Dairy Sci. 97, 5800–5805. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.2013-7136.
  • Cushnie, T.P.T., Lamb, A.J., 2005. Antimicrobial activity of flavonoids. Int. J. Antimicrob. Agents 26, 343–356. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2005.09.002.
  • Johnson, K.A., Johnson, D.E., 1995. Methane emissions from cattle. J. Anim. Sci. 73, 2483–2492.
  • Babii, C., Bahrin, L.G., Neagu, A., Gostin, I., Mihasan, M., Birsa, L.M., Stefan, M., 2016. Antibacterial activity and proposed action mechanism of a new class of synthetic tricyclic flavonoids. J. Appl. Microbiol. 120, 630–637. https://doi.org/10.1111/jam.13048.
  • Babii, C., Mihalache, G., Bahrin, L.G., Neagu, A., Birsa, L.M., Gostin, I., Mihai, C.T., Sa, L., Stefan, M., 2018. A novel synthetic flavonoid with potent antibacterial properties: in vitro activity and proposed mode of action. PLoS One 13, 1–15.
  • Kim, E.T., Guan, L.L., Lee, S.J., Lee, S.M., Lee, S.S., Lee, I.D., Lee, S.K., Lee, S.S., 2015. Effects of flavonoid-rich plant extracts on in vitro ruminal methanogenesis, microbial populations and fermentation characteristics. Asian-Austral. J. Anim. Sci. 28, 530–537.
  • Cui, K., Guo, X.D., Tu, Y., Zhang, N.F., Ma, T., Diao, Q.Y., 2015. Effect of dietary supplementation of rutin on lactation performance, ruminal fermentation and metabolism in dairy cows. J. Anim. Physiol. Anim. Nutr. (Berl.) 99, 1065–1073. https://doi.org/10.1111/jpn.12334.
  • Bertoni, G., Trevisi, E., Han, X., Bionaz, M., 2008. Effects of inflammatory conditions on liver activity in puerperium period and consequences for performance in dairy cows. J. Dairy Sci. 91, 3300–3310. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.2008-0995.
  • Farney, J.K., Mamedova, L.K., Coetzee, J.F., Kukanich, B., Sordillo, L.M., Stoakes, S.K., Minton, J.E., Hollis, L.C., Bradford, B.J., 2013a. Anti-inflammatory salicylate treatment alters the metabolic adaptations to lactation in dairy cattle. Am. J. Physiol. Regul. Integr. Comp. Physiol. 305, 110–117. https://doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.00152.2013.
  • Farney, J.K., Mamedova, L.K., Coetzee, J.F., Minton, J.E., Hollis, L.C., Bradford, B.J., 2013b. Sodium salicylate treatment in early lactation increases whole-lactation milk and milk fat yield in mature dairy cows. J. Dairy Sci. 96, 7709–7718. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.2013-7088. Garavaglia, L., 2015. Silymarin and lycopene administration in periparturient dairy cows: effects on milk production and oxidative status. N. Z. Vet. J. 63, 313–318.
  • Tedesco, D., Tava, A., Galletti, S., Tameni, M., Varisco, G., Costa, A., Steidler, S., 2004b. Effects of silymarin, a natural hepatoprotector, in periparturient dairy cows. J. Dairy Sci. 87, 2239–2247. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.S00220302(04)70044-2.
  • Gessner, D.K., Koch, C., Romberg, F., Winkler, A., Dusel, G., Herzog, E., Most, E., Eder, K., 2015. The effect of grape seed and grape marc meal extract on milk performance and the expression of genes of endoplasmic reticulum stress and inflammation in the liver of dairy cows in early lactation. J. Dairy Sci. 98, 1–13. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.2015-9478. Winkler, A., Gesserner, D.K., Koch, C., Romberg, F.-J., Dusel, G., Herzog, E., Most, E., Eder, K., 2015. Effects of a plant product consisting of green tea and curcuma extract on milk production and the expression of hepatic genes involved in endoplasmic stress response and inflammation in dairy cows. Arch. Anim. Nutr. 69, 425–441. https://doi.org/10.1080/1745039X.2015.1093873.
  • Gohlke, A., Ingelmann, C.J., Numberg, G., Weitzel, J.M., Hammon, H.M., Gors, S., Starke, A., Wolffram, S., Metges, C.C., 2013a. Influence of 4-week intraduodenal supplementation of quercetin on performance, glucose metabolism, and mRNA abundance of genes related to glucose metabolism and antioxidative status in dairy cows. J. Dairy Sci. 96, 6986–7000. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.2013-6852.
  • Stoldt, A., Derno, M., Das, G., Weitzel, J.M., Wolffram, S., Metges, C.C., 2016a. Effects of rutin and buckwheat seeds on energy metabolism and methane production in dairy cows. J. Dairy Sci. 99, 2161–2168. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.2015-10143.
  • Gomes, F., Henriques, M., 2016. Control of bovine mastitis: old and recent therapeutic approaches. Curr. Microbiol. 72, 377–382. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00284-015-0958-8.
  • Zhao, X., Lacasse, P., 2008. Mammary tissue damage during bovine mastitis: causes and control. J. Anim. Sci. 86, 57–65. https://doi.org/10.2527/jas.2007-0302.
  • Fiordalisi, S.A.L., Honorato, L.A., Loiko, M.R., Avancini, C.A.M., Veleirinho, M.B.R., Filho, L.C.P.M., Kuhnen, S., 2016. The effects of Brazilian propolis on etiological agents of mastitis and the viability of bovine mammary gland explants. J. Dairy Sci. 99, 2308–2318. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.2015-9777.
  • Jami, E., Shabtay, A., Nikbachat, M., Yosef, E., Miron, J., Mizrahi, I., 2012. Effects of adding a concentrated pomegranate-residue extract to the ration of lactating cows on in vivo digestibility and profile of rumen bacterial population. J. Dairy Sci. 95, 5996–6005. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.2012-5537.
  • Kahraman, A., Serteser, M., & KOKEN, T. (2002). Flavonoidler. Kocatepe Tıp Dergisi, 3(1).Karakaya, S., El, N.S., 1997 Karakaya, S., & El, S. N. (1997). Flavonoidler ve sağlık. Beslenme ve Diyet Dergisi, 26(2), 54-60.
There are 31 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Veterinary Surgery
Journal Section Collection
Authors

Mustafa Aslan

Publication Date July 4, 2023
Published in Issue Year 2023 Volume: 12 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Aslan, M. (2023). Ruminantlarda Verimliliği Artırmak İçin Bitkisel Flavonoidlerin Kullanımı. Bahri Dağdaş Hayvancılık Araştırma Dergisi, 12(1), 50-58.