Profesyonel Futbolda Pozisyona Özgü Atletik Profiller: Kalp Atım Hızı ve Antropometrik Özelliklerin Entegrasyonu

Abstract

Bu çalışmada, profesyonel futbolcularda pozisyona özgü atletik profiller, kalp atım hızı (KAH) yanıtları ile temel antropometrik özelliklerin birlikte değerlendirilmesi yoluyla incelenmiştir. Araştırmaya Ankara Demirspor’da oynayan 24 erkek saha oyuncusu (8 savunma, 9 orta saha, 7 forvet) katılmıştır. KAH verileri sezon içi standart bir antrenman oturumu sırasında Polar Team Pro sistemi kullanılarak toplanmış; boy uzunluğu, vücut ağırlığı, beden kütle indeksi (BKİ) ve vücut yağ yüzdesi ölçülmüştür. Pozisyonlar arası farklılıklar tek yönlü varyans analizi (ANOVA) ve Tukey post-hoc testi ile değerlendirilmiş; vücut kompozisyonu ile KAH değişkenleri arasındaki ilişkiler Pearson korelasyon analizi ile incelenmiştir. Bulgular, forvet oyuncularının savunma oyuncularına kıyasla daha yüksek ortalama KAH değerlerine sahip olduğunu ve en yüksek şiddetli bölgede (Z5; %85–100 KAHmaks) daha uzun süre kaldıklarını göstermiştir. Orta saha oyuncularının dinlenik KAH ve toparlanma özellikleri açısından daha avantajlı bir profile sahip olduğu belirlenmiştir. Savunma oyuncularının ise diğer pozisyonlara göre daha yüksek BKİ değerlerine sahip olduğu görülmüştür. Tüm örneklem birlikte değerlendirildiğinde, BKİ ve vücut yağ yüzdesi arttıkça Z5 bölgesinde geçirilen sürenin azaldığı saptanmıştır. Sonuç olarak, KAH takibi ile vücut kompozisyonunun birlikte değerlendirilmesi, profesyonel futbolda pozisyona duyarlı ve bireyselleştirilmiş antrenman planlamasına katkı sağlayabilir.

Keywords

• Futbol
• Sporcu profili
• Nabız
• Antropometri
• Spor.

Position-Specific Athletic Profiles in Professional Football: Integration of Heart Rate and Anthropometric Characteristics

Abstract

This study examined position-specific athletic profiles in professional football players by combining heart rate (HR) responses with basic anthropometric characteristics. Twenty-four male outfield players from Ankara Demirspor (8 defenders, 9 midfielders, and 7 forwards) took part in the study. HR data were collected during a standard in-season training session using the Polar Team Pro system, and height, body mass, BMI, and body fat percentage were assessed. Differences between positions were analysed using one-way ANOVA with Tukey post-hoc comparisons, and Pearson correlations were used to explore associations between body composition and HR-derived variables. Forwards showed higher mean HR values and spent more time in the highest-intensity zone (Z5; 85–100% HRmax) than defenders, while midfielders displayed more favourable resting HR and recovery characteristics. Defenders tended to have higher BMI values than the other positions. Across the whole sample, greater BMI and body fat percentage were associated with less time spent in Z5. Overall, integrating HR monitoring with body composition assessment may support more position-informed and individualised training decisions in professional football settings.

Keywords

• Football
• Athletic profiling
• Heart rate
• Anthropometry
• Sports

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