Covid-19 Pandemisinin ABD Ekonomisine Yansımaları ve Küresel Ekonomik Güçlükler

Year 2022, , 107 - 132, 30.06.2022

Seher Gökpınar

https://doi.org/10.25229/beta.1115611

Cited By: 3

Abstract

Dünya 20. yüzyılı daha çok savaşlarla ve derin politik krizlerle geçirmiştir. 21. yüzyılda ise var olan sorunlara yenileri eklenerek sorunlar daha karmaşık bir hal almıştır. Etkileri tüm dünyada derinden hissedilen son kriz ise, Covid-19 pandemisi olarak dünya tarihindeki yerini şimdiden almıştır. Covid-19, her ne kadar bir sağlık kriziyle başlamış olsa da kısa süre içerisinde derin bir küresel ekonomik krize evrilmiştir. Bu süre zarfında tüm dünya ülkeleri pandeminin ortaya çıkardığı ekonomik türbülansı en aza indirmek için çok sayıda mali desteğe başvurmuştur.
Pandemiyle mücadele kapsamında gelir kaybına uğrayan çok sayıda kesime para ve maliye politikaları çerçevesinde doğrudan ve dolaylı mali destek sağlayan ülkelerden biri de ABD’dir. Uygulanan karantina önlemleri ve derin belirsizlik ortamı bu mali uygulamaları gerekli kılmıştır. Ancak pandeminin en ağır hissedildiği dönemde makroekonomik göstergeler bozulmuş ve nihayetinde kamu harcamaları ve bütçe açıkları önemli ölçüde artmıştır. ABD’nin küresel ekonomideki yeri ve büyüklüğü dikkate alındığında, Covid-19 pandemisi ile mücadele kapsamında ortaya koyduğu politikalar küresel ekonomi açısından daha önemli olmaktadır. Bu kapsamda, bu çalışmada Covid-19 pandemisinin ABD ekonomisine etkileri ele alınmış ve pandeminin ortaya çıkardığı küresel ekonomik sorunlara yönelik politika önerilerinde bulunulmuştur.

Keywords

Covid-19 Pandemisi, ABD Ekonomisi, Ekonomik Belirsizlik, Para Politikası, Maliye Politikası

The Reflections of the Covid-19 Pandemic on the USA Economy and Global Economic Challenges

Abstract

The world has spent the 20th century mostly with wars and deep political crises. In the 21st century, problems have become more complex by adding new ones to existing problems. The last crisis, the effects of which are deeply felt all over the world, has already taken its place in world history as the Covid-19 pandemic. Although Covid-19 started with a health crisis, it soon evolved into a deep global economic crisis. During this period, all countries of the world have applied for a large number of financial support to minimize the economic turbulence caused by the pandemic.
Within the scope of the fight against the pandemic, one of the countries that provide direct and indirect financial support to many people who have lost income within the framework of monetary and fiscal policies is the USA. The quarantine measures implemented and the deep uncertainty environment necessitated these financial practices. However macroeconomic indicators deteriorated in the period when the pandemic was felt most severely, and ultimately, public expenditures and budget deficits increased significantly. Considering the place and size of the USA in the global economy, the policies put forward by the USA in the fight against the Covid-19 pandemic are more important for the global economy. In this context, in this study, the effects of the Covid-19 pandemic on the USA economy were discussed and policy recommendations were made for the global economic problems caused by the pandemic.

Keywords

Covid-19 Pandemic, USA Economy, Economic Uncertainty, Monetary Policy, Fiscal Policy

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