Sağlık Harcamaları ile Maliye Politikasının Bileşenleri Arasındaki İlişki: Latin Amerika ve Karayipler Bağlamında VECM Yaklaşımı

Year 2023, , 67 - 91, 30.06.2023

Sadık Aden Dırır

https://doi.org/10.25229/beta.1250104

Abstract

Kapasite verimsizlikleri, ekonomik büyüme, yaşlanan nüfusa doğru demografik kayma ve insan gücü ile üretim maliyeti arasındaki dengesizliğin bir sonucu olarak çok sayıda ülke, özellikle Latin Amerika'daki ülkeler artan sağlık harcamaları yaşıyor. Bu nedenle, artan harcamalar karşısında bir ülkenin sağlık sektörü için yeterli parayı toplaması önemli bir yüktür. Bu makale, özellikle Latin Amerika ve Karayipler'de son 21 yılda sağlık harcamaları ile maliye politikası bileşenleri arasında var olan ilişkiyi analiz etmektedir. Çalışmaya devam etmek için maliye politikası bileşenlerini iki ana modele ayırdık. Birinci model büyük ölçekli bileşenleri kapsarken, ikinci model küçük ölçekli bileşenleri içermektedir. Buna bağlı olarak, uzun vadeli ve faktörler arasındaki nedensel ilişkiyi yakalamak için bir VECM ve granger nedensellik yaklaşımı uyguladık. Bulgular, kısa dönemde ticaret, vergi geliri ve faiz oranının sağlık harcamaları üzerinde etkili olduğunu ortaya koydu. Uzun dönemde ise özel sektöre sunulan yurtiçi krediler dışındaki tüm maliye politikaları sağlık sektörüne ayrılan fonlar üzerinde etkili olmuştur. Son olarak Covid, 19 pandemisi ve diğer uluslararası savaşlar göz önüne alındığında ülkeler belirli bir alana fon tahsis etmekte tereddüt edebilirler. Bunun ışığında çalışma, ülkelerin sağlık sektörü ile ilgili olarak aldıkları mali önlemlerin kapsamını ortaya koyarak bu endişeleri gidermeye yardımcı olmaktadır.

Keywords

Maliye Politikası, Sağlık Sektörü, Devlet Harcamaları, Latin Amerika Ülkeleri, VECM

The Association between Health Expenditure and the Components of Fiscal Policy: VECM Approach in the Context of Latin America and the Caribbean

Abstract

Growing healthcare expenses are being experienced by numerous nations, particularly nations in Latin America, as a result of capacity inefficiencies, economic growth, demographic shift to the aging population, and an imbalance between the cost of manpower and output. Therefore, it is a significant burden for a nation to collect enough money for the health sector in view of escalating expenditures. Hereby, this paper analyzes the association that exists between health expenditure and the components of fiscal policy particularly in Latin America and the Caribbean during the last 21 years. To proceed with the study, we subdivided the fiscal policy components into two major models. The first model encompasses large-scale components whereas the second model consists of small-scale components. Correspondingly, we performed a VECM and granger causality approach to capture the long run as well the causal relationship between the factors. The findings revealed that in the short run trade, tax revenue, and interest rate have an influence on health expenditure. While in the long run, all the fiscal policies except domestic credit offered to the private sector presented an influence on the funds allocated to the health sector. Finally, considering the Covid, 19 pandemic, and other international wars, countries may be hesitant to allocate funds to a particular area. In light of this, the study helps ease these worries by outlining the scope of fiscal measures adopted by countries in relation to the health sector.

Keywords

Fiscal Policy, Healthcare sector, Government expenditure, Latin America, VECM

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