FINANCIAL PROBLEMS OF BOTTOM 40 PERCENT BUMIPUTERA IN MALAYSIA: A POSSIBLE SOLUTION THROUGH WAQF-BASED CROWDFUNDING

Year 2017, Volume: 4 Issue: 1, 49 - 65, 12.02.2017

Abidullah Abıd Muhammad Hakimi Shafıaı

Abstract

Low savings by the
bottom 40 percent Bumiputera triggered low wealth accumulation and greater
wealth inequality. The issue behind the low savings is the increase in food
prices, taxes, and interest rates for the borrowers. In response to these problems,
the Malaysian government provides cash transfer BRIM as one of redistributive
measures. However, it is still not enough as many of the bottom 40 percent are
neglected to avail the facility. In such circumstances, the role of
community-based cash and credit transfer schemes such as cash waqf can be more
fruitful. However due to inefficiency of the awqaf institutions regarding
financial management, the system cannot contribute effectively. Therefore, the
main aim of the paper is to provide an efficient mechanism which can ensure
effectiveness in terms of transparency, collection and distribution of cash
endowments and its benefits. Hence, by means of library research, we have
proposed a conceptual framework. It is suggested that collection and
distribution of cash waqf through crowdfunding platform would solve both
transparency, collection and distribution issues. This study would provide a
ground for those researchers and practitioners who are working on finding the
right approach to implement waqf in more efficient way.

Keywords

Wealth Inequality, Cash transfers, Waqf, Crowdfunding, Poverty

MALEZYA BUMİPUTERA’DAKİ YÜZDE 40’LIK ALT GELİR GRUBUNUN MALİ PROBLEMLERİ: VAKIF TEMELLİ FON TOPLAMA VASITASIYLA BİR ÇÖZÜM

Abstract

Bumiputera’daki alt gelir grubunun yüzde 40’lık kısımının
tasarruflarının azlığı daha az servet temerküzünü ve daha fazla servet
eşitsizliğini tetiklemiştir. Tasarrufların azlığının ardındaki sebep ödünç alan
kesimlerin maruz kaldığı yüksek gıda fiyatları, yüksek vergiler ve yüksek faiz
oranlarıdır. Bu problemlere karşı Malezya hükümeti yeniden dağılım
ölçütlerinden biri olarak BRIM nakit taransferini uygulamaya koymaktadır.
Fakat, bu yeterli değildir çünkü yüzde 40’lık alt gelir grubundanki pek çok
kişi programdan yararlanamamaktadır. Bu durumlarda, para vakıfları gibi toplum
tabanlı para ve kredi transfer planları daha yararlı olabilir. Fakat, vakıf
kurumlarının finansal yönetimdeki etkinsizlikleri sebebiyle sistem etkili bir
şekilde katkı yapamamaktadır. Bu yüzden, bu makalenin esas amacı saydamlığı,
parasal kaynakların toplanması ve dağıtılmasındaki etkinliği temin edecek
etkili bir makanizmayı ortaya koymaktır. Dolayısıyla, hacimli bir kütüphane
araştırması neticesinde kavramsal ve çerçeve öneriyoruz. Kitlelerden fon
toplama platformu vasıtasıyla para vakfı toplama ve dağıtımı, hem saydamlık
hemde toplama ve dağıtım problemlerini çözeceği öne sürülmektedir. Bu çalışma,
vakfı daha etkili kılmak için doğru bir yaklaşım arayan araştırmacı ve
uygulayıcılara uygun bir temel sağlamaktadır.

Keywords

Servet eşitsizliği, nakit transferi, vakıf, kitlelerden fon toplama, fakirlik

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