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Risk Assessment of Rockfall using GIS-Based Analytical Hierarchy Process: A Case Study of Bitlis Province

Year 2022, Volume: 12 Issue: 1, 43 - 50, 27.06.2022
https://doi.org/10.17678/beuscitech.1087404

Abstract

Rockfall is one of the important natural disasters that can result in death, although it does not occur very often. Bitlis province in Turkey is frequently exposed to serious rockfall events due to its rugged-mountainous structure and harsh climatic conditions. Rockfall risk rely on many hazard factors such as slope, lithology, soil, elevation, precipitation, vulnerability factors i.e., land use and population. The Analytical Hierarchy process (AHP) is a highly skilled approach for risk assessment studies involving multiple decision-making criteria. In this study, the rockfall risk assessment of the province of Bitlis, which was chosen as the study area, was performed using AHP, and discussed. Geographic Information System (GIS) were used to visualize the results maps. The study concluded that the rockfall risks were mostly concentrated in the mountainous and rugged southwest and partially southeast areas, including the city and district centers. Except for the foothills of the volcanic mountains, the northern parts of the study area were generally considered as risk-free. The risk zones obtained from the study are relatively consistent with the results of a previous limited study.

References

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  • Ali S, Haider R. Abbas W, Basharat M, Reicherter K. 2021. Empirical assessment of rockfall and debris flow risk along the Karakoram Highway, Pakistan. Natural Hazards, 106: 2437–2460 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11069-021-04549-4
  • Avutia DJ. 2016. Rock fall risk with analytical hierarchy process. Proceedings of the First Southern African Geotechnical Conference. 5-6 May 2016, Sun City, Southern Africa, S.W. Jacobsz (Ed.). Taylor & Francis Group, London. 87-92.
  • Aydin MC, Isik E. 2015. Evaluation of Ground Snow Loads in the Micro-climate Regions. Russian Meteorology and Hydrology. 40(11): 741–748. Budetta P, De Luca C, Nappi M. 2016. Quantitative rockfall risk assessment for an important road by means of the rockfall risk management (RO.MA.) method. Bull Eng Geol Environ (2016) 75:1377–1397. DOI 10.1007/s10064-015-0798-6
  • Bunce CM, Cruden DM, Morgenstern NR. 1997. Assessment of the hazard from rock fall on a Highway. Can. Geotech. J. 34: 344-356.
  • Can G (2019) Using geographical information systems and analytical hierarchy method for site selection for wind turbine plants: The case of Çanakkale province, Master Thesis, Graduate School of Natural and Applied Science, Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Turkey.
  • Canal A, Akın M. 2016. Assessment of rock slope stability by probabilistic-based slope stability probability classification method along highway cut slopes in Adilcevaz-Bitlis (Turkey). J. Mt. Sci. 12(11): 1893-1909. DOI: 10.1007/s11629-016-3954-y
  • Climate-Data (2021) https://tr.climate-data.org/ , Access date: 16.12.2021.
  • Copernicus (2021) Data of land use from Copernicus land Monitoring Service. https://land.copernicus.eu/ Access date: 16.12.2021.
  • Dagdeviren M, Akay D, Kurt M (2004) Analytical Hierarchy Process for Job Evaluation and Application. J. Fac. Eng. Arch. Gazi Univ, 19(2): 131-138.
  • Deparis J, Garambois S, Hantz D (2007) On the potential of Ground Penetrating Radar to help rock fall hazard assessment: A case study of a limestone slab, Gorges de la Bourne (French Alps) Engineering Geology 94 89–102.
  • Ekinci R, Büyüksaraç A, Ekinci YL, Isik E (2020) Bitlis Ilinin Dogal Afet Çesitliliginin Degerlendirilmesi. Journal of Natural Hazards and Environment, 6(1): 1-11.
  • Ekmekcioglu O, Koc K, Ozger M (2021) District based flood risk assessment in Istanbul using fuzzy analytical hierarchy process. Stochastic Environmental Research and Risk Assessment 35:617–637. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00477-020-01924-8
  • Geofabrik (2021) Maps and Data, https://www.geofabrik.de/data/ Access date: 16.12.2021.
  • Giani GP, Giacomini A, Migliazza M, Segalini A. (2004) Experimental and Theoretical Studies to Improve Rock Fall Analysis and Protection Work Design, Rock Mech. Rock Eng. 37 (5): 369–389. DOI 10.1007/s00603-004-0027-2
  • Gökçe O., Özden Ş, Demir A. (2008) Spatial and statistical distribution of disasters in Turkey, disaster information inventory (in Turkish). Ministry of Public Works and Settlement General Directorate of Disaster Affairs. Ankara, Turkey
  • Goksu AE (2017) Rock Fall Sensitivity Analysis Report, T.R. Bitlis Governorship Provincial Disaster and Emergency Directorate. Bitlis Turkey
  • Goksu AE, Leventeli Y. (2018) GIS-Based assessment of the rockfall hazard zones for Bitlis Province, 9th International Symposium on Eastern Mediterranean Geology, 07-11th May 2018, Antalya, Turkey
  • Guzzetti F, Crosta G, Detti R, Agliardi F. 2002. STONE: a computer program for the three-dimensional simulation of rock-falls. Computers & Geosciences 28: 1079–1093
  • Hajkowicz S, Collins K (2007) A review of multiple criteria analysis for water resource planning and management. Water Resour Manag 21:1553–1566. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11269-006-9112-5
  • HGM (2021) Republic of Turkiye Ministry of National Defense General Directorate of Mapping. Turkish administrative borders data. https://www.harita.gov.tr/ Access date: 16.12.2021
  • Isik E, Aydin MC, Bakis A, Ozluk MH (2012) The Faults near Bitlis and Seismicity of the Region (in Turkish). BEU Journal of Science 1(2):153-169
  • Katz O, Reichenbach P, Guzzetti F. 2011. Rock fall hazard along the railway corridor to Jerusalem,Israel, in the Soreq and Refaim valleys. Nat Hazards, 56:649–665. DOI 10.1007/s11069-010-9580-z
  • Li L, Lan H. 2015. Probabilistic modeling of rockfall trajectories: a review. Bull Eng Geol Environ, 74:1163–1176. DOI 10.1007/s10064-015-0718-9
  • Marzorati S, Luzi L, De Amicis M. 2002. Rock falls induced by earthquakes: a statistical approach. Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering 22: 565–577
  • MGM (2021) Precipitation Data, Climate-Data, Turkish State Meteorological Service, https://www.mgm.gov.tr/, Access date 16.12.2021
  • MTA (2021) Data of geological structure from GeoScience Mab Viewer and Drawing Editor, General Directorate of Mineral Research and Expolaration of Türkiye, http://yerbilimleri.mta.gov.tr/anasayfa.aspx, Access date: 16.12.2021
  • Myers JH, Alpert MI (1968) Determinant Buying Attitudes: Meaning and Measurement. Journal of Marketing, 32(4): 13-20
  • Saaty, T. L. (1980). The analytic hierarchy process. New York: McGraw-Hill, New York, pp 20–25
  • Saaty, T. L. (1990). How to make a decision: The analytic hierarchy process. European Journal of Operational Research, 48(1): 9–26
  • Sevgi Birincioglu, E (2021) Disaster risk analysis of Bitlis province using geographical information systems and analytical hierarchy method. Master Thesis, Bitlis Eren University Graduate Education Institute, Department of Emergency and Disaster Management, Turkiye
  • Shirzadi A, Chapi K, Shahabi H, Solaimani K, Kavian A, Bin Ahmad B. 2017. Rock fall susceptibility assessment along a mountainous road: an evaluation of bivariate statistic, analytical hierarchy process and frequency ratio. Environ Earth Sci 76(152): 1-17. DOI 10.1007/s12665-017-6471-6
  • Subramanian N, Ramanathan R (2012) A review of applications of Analytic Hierarchy Process in operations management. Int. J Production Economics. 138: 215-241
  • TAD (2021) Agricultural Land Evaluation Portal (TAD Portal), Republic of Turkey Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry General Directorate of Agricultural Reform. https://www.tarimorman.gov.tr/ Access date: 16.12.2021
  • TUIK (2021) Population data from Data Portal for Statistical, Turkish Statistical Institute, https://data.tuik.gov.tr/ Access date: 16.12.2021
  • USGS (2021) EarthData and Digital Elevation Model (DEM) for Bitlis province, United States Geological Survey (USGS). https://www.usgs.gov/ Access date: 16.12.2021
  • Wang Y, Liu J, Elhag T (2008) An Integrated AHP-DEA Methodology for Bridge Risk Assessment, Computers & Industrial Engineering, 54(3): 513-525
Year 2022, Volume: 12 Issue: 1, 43 - 50, 27.06.2022
https://doi.org/10.17678/beuscitech.1087404

Abstract

References

  • AFAD, 2019. Overview of 2019 and natural event statistics within the scope of disaster management, T.R. Ministry of Interior, Disaster and Emergency Management Presidency, www.afad.gov.tr. Access Date: 26.01.2022.
  • Ali S, Haider R. Abbas W, Basharat M, Reicherter K. 2021. Empirical assessment of rockfall and debris flow risk along the Karakoram Highway, Pakistan. Natural Hazards, 106: 2437–2460 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11069-021-04549-4
  • Avutia DJ. 2016. Rock fall risk with analytical hierarchy process. Proceedings of the First Southern African Geotechnical Conference. 5-6 May 2016, Sun City, Southern Africa, S.W. Jacobsz (Ed.). Taylor & Francis Group, London. 87-92.
  • Aydin MC, Isik E. 2015. Evaluation of Ground Snow Loads in the Micro-climate Regions. Russian Meteorology and Hydrology. 40(11): 741–748. Budetta P, De Luca C, Nappi M. 2016. Quantitative rockfall risk assessment for an important road by means of the rockfall risk management (RO.MA.) method. Bull Eng Geol Environ (2016) 75:1377–1397. DOI 10.1007/s10064-015-0798-6
  • Bunce CM, Cruden DM, Morgenstern NR. 1997. Assessment of the hazard from rock fall on a Highway. Can. Geotech. J. 34: 344-356.
  • Can G (2019) Using geographical information systems and analytical hierarchy method for site selection for wind turbine plants: The case of Çanakkale province, Master Thesis, Graduate School of Natural and Applied Science, Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Turkey.
  • Canal A, Akın M. 2016. Assessment of rock slope stability by probabilistic-based slope stability probability classification method along highway cut slopes in Adilcevaz-Bitlis (Turkey). J. Mt. Sci. 12(11): 1893-1909. DOI: 10.1007/s11629-016-3954-y
  • Climate-Data (2021) https://tr.climate-data.org/ , Access date: 16.12.2021.
  • Copernicus (2021) Data of land use from Copernicus land Monitoring Service. https://land.copernicus.eu/ Access date: 16.12.2021.
  • Dagdeviren M, Akay D, Kurt M (2004) Analytical Hierarchy Process for Job Evaluation and Application. J. Fac. Eng. Arch. Gazi Univ, 19(2): 131-138.
  • Deparis J, Garambois S, Hantz D (2007) On the potential of Ground Penetrating Radar to help rock fall hazard assessment: A case study of a limestone slab, Gorges de la Bourne (French Alps) Engineering Geology 94 89–102.
  • Ekinci R, Büyüksaraç A, Ekinci YL, Isik E (2020) Bitlis Ilinin Dogal Afet Çesitliliginin Degerlendirilmesi. Journal of Natural Hazards and Environment, 6(1): 1-11.
  • Ekmekcioglu O, Koc K, Ozger M (2021) District based flood risk assessment in Istanbul using fuzzy analytical hierarchy process. Stochastic Environmental Research and Risk Assessment 35:617–637. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00477-020-01924-8
  • Geofabrik (2021) Maps and Data, https://www.geofabrik.de/data/ Access date: 16.12.2021.
  • Giani GP, Giacomini A, Migliazza M, Segalini A. (2004) Experimental and Theoretical Studies to Improve Rock Fall Analysis and Protection Work Design, Rock Mech. Rock Eng. 37 (5): 369–389. DOI 10.1007/s00603-004-0027-2
  • Gökçe O., Özden Ş, Demir A. (2008) Spatial and statistical distribution of disasters in Turkey, disaster information inventory (in Turkish). Ministry of Public Works and Settlement General Directorate of Disaster Affairs. Ankara, Turkey
  • Goksu AE (2017) Rock Fall Sensitivity Analysis Report, T.R. Bitlis Governorship Provincial Disaster and Emergency Directorate. Bitlis Turkey
  • Goksu AE, Leventeli Y. (2018) GIS-Based assessment of the rockfall hazard zones for Bitlis Province, 9th International Symposium on Eastern Mediterranean Geology, 07-11th May 2018, Antalya, Turkey
  • Guzzetti F, Crosta G, Detti R, Agliardi F. 2002. STONE: a computer program for the three-dimensional simulation of rock-falls. Computers & Geosciences 28: 1079–1093
  • Hajkowicz S, Collins K (2007) A review of multiple criteria analysis for water resource planning and management. Water Resour Manag 21:1553–1566. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11269-006-9112-5
  • HGM (2021) Republic of Turkiye Ministry of National Defense General Directorate of Mapping. Turkish administrative borders data. https://www.harita.gov.tr/ Access date: 16.12.2021
  • Isik E, Aydin MC, Bakis A, Ozluk MH (2012) The Faults near Bitlis and Seismicity of the Region (in Turkish). BEU Journal of Science 1(2):153-169
  • Katz O, Reichenbach P, Guzzetti F. 2011. Rock fall hazard along the railway corridor to Jerusalem,Israel, in the Soreq and Refaim valleys. Nat Hazards, 56:649–665. DOI 10.1007/s11069-010-9580-z
  • Li L, Lan H. 2015. Probabilistic modeling of rockfall trajectories: a review. Bull Eng Geol Environ, 74:1163–1176. DOI 10.1007/s10064-015-0718-9
  • Marzorati S, Luzi L, De Amicis M. 2002. Rock falls induced by earthquakes: a statistical approach. Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering 22: 565–577
  • MGM (2021) Precipitation Data, Climate-Data, Turkish State Meteorological Service, https://www.mgm.gov.tr/, Access date 16.12.2021
  • MTA (2021) Data of geological structure from GeoScience Mab Viewer and Drawing Editor, General Directorate of Mineral Research and Expolaration of Türkiye, http://yerbilimleri.mta.gov.tr/anasayfa.aspx, Access date: 16.12.2021
  • Myers JH, Alpert MI (1968) Determinant Buying Attitudes: Meaning and Measurement. Journal of Marketing, 32(4): 13-20
  • Saaty, T. L. (1980). The analytic hierarchy process. New York: McGraw-Hill, New York, pp 20–25
  • Saaty, T. L. (1990). How to make a decision: The analytic hierarchy process. European Journal of Operational Research, 48(1): 9–26
  • Sevgi Birincioglu, E (2021) Disaster risk analysis of Bitlis province using geographical information systems and analytical hierarchy method. Master Thesis, Bitlis Eren University Graduate Education Institute, Department of Emergency and Disaster Management, Turkiye
  • Shirzadi A, Chapi K, Shahabi H, Solaimani K, Kavian A, Bin Ahmad B. 2017. Rock fall susceptibility assessment along a mountainous road: an evaluation of bivariate statistic, analytical hierarchy process and frequency ratio. Environ Earth Sci 76(152): 1-17. DOI 10.1007/s12665-017-6471-6
  • Subramanian N, Ramanathan R (2012) A review of applications of Analytic Hierarchy Process in operations management. Int. J Production Economics. 138: 215-241
  • TAD (2021) Agricultural Land Evaluation Portal (TAD Portal), Republic of Turkey Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry General Directorate of Agricultural Reform. https://www.tarimorman.gov.tr/ Access date: 16.12.2021
  • TUIK (2021) Population data from Data Portal for Statistical, Turkish Statistical Institute, https://data.tuik.gov.tr/ Access date: 16.12.2021
  • USGS (2021) EarthData and Digital Elevation Model (DEM) for Bitlis province, United States Geological Survey (USGS). https://www.usgs.gov/ Access date: 16.12.2021
  • Wang Y, Liu J, Elhag T (2008) An Integrated AHP-DEA Methodology for Bridge Risk Assessment, Computers & Industrial Engineering, 54(3): 513-525
There are 37 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Mehmet Cihan Aydın 0000-0002-5477-1033

Elif Sevgi Birincioğlu 0000-0002-4317-9392

Aydın Büyüksaraç 0000-0002-4279-4158

Publication Date June 27, 2022
Submission Date March 15, 2022
Published in Issue Year 2022 Volume: 12 Issue: 1

Cite

IEEE M. C. Aydın, E. Sevgi Birincioğlu, and A. Büyüksaraç, “Risk Assessment of Rockfall using GIS-Based Analytical Hierarchy Process: A Case Study of Bitlis Province”, Bitlis Eren University Journal of Science and Technology, vol. 12, no. 1, pp. 43–50, 2022, doi: 10.17678/beuscitech.1087404.