Abstract
The negative effects of formaldehyde emission in MDF production on human health are known, and therefore many scientists are working to reduce formaldehyde emissions. In this study, the effects of MDF plates on formaldehyde emission were investigated by adding different amounts of activated carbon into urea formaldehyde resin during the synthesis phase.
First, the gelation time behavior of the resin was studied by observing the pH, gelation time, solid content, flow time and viscosity of the modified resin in comparison to the standard reference resin which has no activated carbon inside. The dosing of the activated charcoal in the dry resin was kept at 1wt%, 3wt% and 5wt%. After that modified resin was used in the production of 40x40 cm2 MDF samples by using laboratory scale press line with full automation system. İnternal bonding strength, surface soundness, screw holding resistance, water absorption and thickness swelling were also measured in addition to the main interested parameter formaldehyde emission level which is determined via spectrometric technique following an extraction procedure.
Threshold values for activated carbon were determined to be 1wt%. Formaldehyde emission level was observed where addition of 1wt% activated carbon into the urea formaldehyde adhesive decreased the formaldehyde emission 52% comparison to reference whereas addition of activated carbon at above its threshold level provided 47% decreasing.
References
- Anjum A., Khan G.M.A.(2020) Effect of synthesis of conditions on the molecular weight and activation energy of urea formaldehyde prepolymer and their relationship. Journal of Eng. Advancements, 01(04), 123-129.
- Darmawan S, Sofyan K, Pari G, Sugiyanto K (2010) Effect of activated charcoal addition on formaldehyde emission of medium density fiberboard. J For Res 7(2):100–111.
- Kim S, Kim HJ, Kim HS, Lee HH (2006) Effect of bio-scavengers on the curing behavior and bonding properties of melamine–formaldehyde resins. Macromol Mater. Eng., 291(9):1027–1034.
- Kumar A, Gupta A, Sharma K, Nasir M, Khan TA (2013) Influence of activated charcoal as filler on the properties of wood composites. Int J Adhesive, (46), 34–39.
- Liu C., Luo J., Li X., Gao Q., Li J. (2018) Effects of compounded curing agents on properties and performance of urea formaldehyde resin. J. Polym. Environ. 26:158–165.
- Medek, J., Weishauptová, Z., & Kovář, L. (2006). Combined isotherm of adsorption and absorption on coal and differentiation of both processes. Microporous and Mesoporous Materials, 89(1-3), 276-283.
- Moslemi A., K. Mohsen, Behzad T., Pizzi A. (2020) Addition of cellulose nanofibers extracted from rice straw to urea formaldehyde resin; effect on the adhesive characteristics and medium density fiberboard properties, International journal of adhesion and adhesives, 99(10), 25-82.
- Pari G., S. Kurnia, S. Wasrin. (2006) Tectona grandis activated charcoal as catching agent of formaldehyde on plywood glued with urea formaldehyde. Proceedings of the 8th pacific rim bio-based composites symposium. Kuala Lumpur. Malaysia.
- Pizzi A. (1983), Aminoresin Wood Adhesives in Wood Adhesives, Chemistry and Technology 59-104.
- Pizzi A. (1994), Advanced Wood Adhesives Technology. Resmi V.C., Narayanankutty S.K. (2017) Effect of charcoal on formaldehyde emission, mechanical, thermal and dynamic properties of resol resin. Int J Plast Technol 21(1):55–69.
- EN 120, 1992. Wood based panels determination of formaldehyde content-extraction method called perforator method. European standard.
- EN 317, 1993. Particleboards and fiberboards, Determination of swelling in thickness after ımmersion in water, CEN, Brussels.
- EN 319, 1993. Particleboards and fiberboards. Determination of Tensile Strength Perpendicular to the Plane of the Board.
- EN 322, 1993. Wood based panels, Determination of density, Brussels.
- EN 311, 2002. Wood based panels, Surface soundness test method.
- EN 320, 2011. Particleboards and fiberboards, Determination of resistance to axial withdrawal of screws test method.
Abstract
The negative effects of formaldehyde emission in MDF production on human health are known, and therefore many scientists are working to reduce formaldehyde emissions. In this study, the effects of MDF plates on formaldehyde emission were investigated by adding different amounts of activated carbon into urea formaldehyde resin during the synthesis phase.
First, the gelation time behavior of the resin was studied by observing the pH, gelation time, solid content, flow time and viscosity of the modified resin in comparison to the standard reference resin which has no activated carbon inside. The dosing of the activated charcoal in the dry resin was kept at 1wt%, 3wt% and 5wt%. After that modified resin was used in the production of 40x40 cm2 MDF samples by using laboratory scale press line with full automation system. İnternal bonding strength, surface soundness, screw holding resistance, water absorption and thickness swelling were also measured in addition to the main interested parameter formaldehyde emission level which is determined via spectrometric technique following an extraction procedure.
Threshold values for activated carbon were determined to be 1wt%. Formaldehyde emission level was observed where addition of 1wt% activated carbon into the urea formaldehyde adhesive decreased the formaldehyde emission 52% comparison to reference whereas addition of activated carbon at above its threshold level provided 47% decreasing.
References
- Anjum A., Khan G.M.A.(2020) Effect of synthesis of conditions on the molecular weight and activation energy of urea formaldehyde prepolymer and their relationship. Journal of Eng. Advancements, 01(04), 123-129.
- Darmawan S, Sofyan K, Pari G, Sugiyanto K (2010) Effect of activated charcoal addition on formaldehyde emission of medium density fiberboard. J For Res 7(2):100–111.
- Kim S, Kim HJ, Kim HS, Lee HH (2006) Effect of bio-scavengers on the curing behavior and bonding properties of melamine–formaldehyde resins. Macromol Mater. Eng., 291(9):1027–1034.
- Kumar A, Gupta A, Sharma K, Nasir M, Khan TA (2013) Influence of activated charcoal as filler on the properties of wood composites. Int J Adhesive, (46), 34–39.
- Liu C., Luo J., Li X., Gao Q., Li J. (2018) Effects of compounded curing agents on properties and performance of urea formaldehyde resin. J. Polym. Environ. 26:158–165.
- Medek, J., Weishauptová, Z., & Kovář, L. (2006). Combined isotherm of adsorption and absorption on coal and differentiation of both processes. Microporous and Mesoporous Materials, 89(1-3), 276-283.
- Moslemi A., K. Mohsen, Behzad T., Pizzi A. (2020) Addition of cellulose nanofibers extracted from rice straw to urea formaldehyde resin; effect on the adhesive characteristics and medium density fiberboard properties, International journal of adhesion and adhesives, 99(10), 25-82.
- Pari G., S. Kurnia, S. Wasrin. (2006) Tectona grandis activated charcoal as catching agent of formaldehyde on plywood glued with urea formaldehyde. Proceedings of the 8th pacific rim bio-based composites symposium. Kuala Lumpur. Malaysia.
- Pizzi A. (1983), Aminoresin Wood Adhesives in Wood Adhesives, Chemistry and Technology 59-104.
- Pizzi A. (1994), Advanced Wood Adhesives Technology. Resmi V.C., Narayanankutty S.K. (2017) Effect of charcoal on formaldehyde emission, mechanical, thermal and dynamic properties of resol resin. Int J Plast Technol 21(1):55–69.
- EN 120, 1992. Wood based panels determination of formaldehyde content-extraction method called perforator method. European standard.
- EN 317, 1993. Particleboards and fiberboards, Determination of swelling in thickness after ımmersion in water, CEN, Brussels.
- EN 319, 1993. Particleboards and fiberboards. Determination of Tensile Strength Perpendicular to the Plane of the Board.
- EN 322, 1993. Wood based panels, Determination of density, Brussels.
- EN 311, 2002. Wood based panels, Surface soundness test method.
- EN 320, 2011. Particleboards and fiberboards, Determination of resistance to axial withdrawal of screws test method.
Details
| Primary Language | English |
|---|---|
| Subjects | Chemical Engineering |
| Journal Section | Research Articles |
| Authors | |
| Publication Date | December 31, 2021 |
| Acceptance Date | January 11, 2022 |
| Published in Issue | Year 2021 |
