Effects of pre-hydrolysis applied before kraft-based pulp production on the chemical composition of Black poplar (Populus nigra L.) wood particles

Year 2021, Volume: 5 Issue: 2, 118 - 123, 30.09.2021

Samim Yaşar , Gürcan Güler

https://doi.org/10.30516/bilgesci.899745

Cited By: 1

Abstract

Pre-hydrolysis is recognized as the high temperature treatment of wood particles to remove hemicelluloses prior to kraft pulp production. In this study, black poplar (Populus nigra L.) particles were pre-hydrolyzed with hot water at 170 °C for 5, 10, 15, 20, 30 and 50 minutes, and the changes in the chemical composition of the particles were investigated. Pre-hydrolysis increased the α-cellulose and extractive contents of the particles, while decreasing the contents of lignin, holocellulose and hemicellulose. It was observed that hemicelluloses decreased rapidly in the first minutes of the pre-hydrolysis process. A significant decrease was detected in the amount of xylose, mannose and galactose from hemicellulose units during the pre-hydrolysis process. Minor changes occurred in the content of arabinose. Galactose left the particles in the fifteenth minute of the pre-hydrolysis, and rhamnose in the first minutes. It has been observed that the optimum hydrolysis time with hot water can be thirty minutes since it removes 78.43% of hemicelluloses from the black poplar particles at 170 °C and increases the α-cellulose ratio by 18.71%.

Keywords

Black poplar, Pre-hydrolysis, Cellulose, Hemicellulose

Kraft bazlı kağıt hamuru üretimi öncesinde uygulanan ön hidrolizin Karakavak (Populus nigra L.) odunu yongalarının kimyasal bileşimi üzerine etkileri

Abstract

Ön hidroliz, kraft kağıt hamuru üretiminden önce hemiselülozların uzaklaştırılması için odun yongalarının yüksek sıcaklıkta işleme tabi tutulması olarak tanınmaktadır. Bu çalışmada, Karakavak (Populus nigra L.) yongalarına 5, 10, 15, 20, 30 ve 50 dakika boyunca 170 °C'de sıcak su ile ön hidroliz uygulanmış ve ön hidrolizin yongaların kimyasal bileşiminde yarattığı değişimler incelenmiştir. Ön hidroliz, yongaların α-selüloz ve ekstraktif madde içeriklerini artırırken, lignin, holoselüloz ve hemiselüloz içeriklerini azaltmıştır. Hemiselülozların ön hidroliz işleminin ilk dakikalarında hızla azaldığı gözlenmiştir. Hemiselüloz birimlerinden ksiloz, mannoz ve galaktoz miktarlarında ön hidroliz sürecinde belirgin bir düşüş tespit edilmiştir. Arabinoz içeriğinde küçük değişiklikler gerçekleşmiştir. Galaktoz ön hidrolizin on beşinci dakikasında, ramnoz ise ilk dakikalarında yongaları terk etmiştir. 170 °C’de Karakavak yongalarından hemiselülozların %78.43’ünü uzaklaştırması ve α-selüloz oranını %18.71 artırması nedeniyle sıcak su ile en uygun hidroliz süresinin otuz dakika olabileceği görülmüştür.

Keywords

Karakavak, Ön hidroliz, Selüloz, Hemiselüloz

References

• Amidon, T. E., Christopher, D. W., Shupe, A. M., Wang, Y., Graves, M., Liu, S. (2008). Biorefinery: Conversion of woody biomass to chemicals, energy and materials. J. Biobased Materials Bioenergy, 2(2), 100–120.
• Amidon, T. E., Liu, S. (2009). Water-based woody biorefinery. Biotechnology Advances, 27(5), 542–550.
• ASTM D 1103 (1980). Standard Test Method for Alpha-Cellulose in Wood. West Conshohocken, PA, USA: ASTM International.
• Cao, S., Pu, Y., Studer, M., Wyman, C., Ragauskas, A. J. (2012). Chemical transformations of Populus trichocarpa during dilute acid pretreatment. RSC Advances, 2, 10925–10936.
• Casebier, R. L., Hamilton, J. K., Hegrert, H. L. G. (1969). Chemistry and mechanism of water prehydrolysis on southern pine wood. Tappi J., 52(12), 2369–2377.
• Chambost, V., Mcnutt, J., Stuart, P. R. (2008). Guided tour: Implementing the forest biorefinery (FBR) at existing pulp and paper mills. Pulp and Paper Canada, 109(7), 1–9.
• Esteves, B.; Graca, J.; Pereira, H. (2008). Extractive composition and summative chemical analysis of thermally treated eucalypt wood. Holzforschung, 62(3): 344–351.
• Garrote, G., Parajo, J. C. (2002). Non-isothermal autohydrolysis of eucalyptus wood. Wood Sci. Technol., 36, 111–123.
• Gaudet, M., Jorge, V., Paolucci, I., Beritognolo, I., Mugnozza, G. S., Sabatti, M. (2008). Genetic linkage maps of Populus nigra L. including AFLPs, SSRs, SNPs, and sex trait. Tree Genetics & Genomes, 4(1), 25-36.
• Kacik, F., Durkovic, J., Kacikova, D. (2012). Chemical profiles of wood components of poplar clones for their energy utilization. Energies, 5(12), 5243-5256.
• Kacik, F., Durkovic, J., Kacikova, D., Zenkova, E. (2016). Changes in the chemical composition of black locust wood after hot-water pretreatment before bioethanol production. Acta Facultatis Xylologiae Zvolen, 58(1): 15−23.
• Kacik, F., Kacikova, D., Zenkova, E. (2014). Aqueous pretreatment of black locust wood at the temperature of 180 °C. Acta Facultatis Xylologiae Zvolen, 56(1), 59–66.
• Kacik, F., Kacikova, D., Zenkova, E. (2015). Hot-water pretreatment of poplar and black locust wood for bioethanol production. Acta Facultatis Xylologiae Zvolen, 57(2), 117−124.
• Kahraman, T., Kahraman, F. K., Karakaya, S., Karahan, A., Ünsal, G., Karatay, H., Toplu, F. (2011). Türkiye’de Karakavakta (Populus nigra L.) ıslah çalışmaları ‘Fidanlık aşaması sonuçları’. T.C. Orman ve Su İşleri Bakanlığı Kavak ve Hızlı Gelişen Orman Ağaçları Araştırma Enstitüsü Müdürlüğü, Teknik Bülten No: 210, İzmit, Türkiye.
• Kang, N., Liu, Z., Hui, L. F., Si, C. L., Cui, L., Zhao, T., Mao, S. T. (2012). Study on the optimum process of acid-catalytic ethanol pretreatment of Chinese triploid poplar to enhance sugar recovery by hydrolysis. Bioresources, 7(1): 578–592.
• Krutul, D., Antczak, A., Radomski, A., Drozdzek, M., Klosinska, T., Zawadzki, J. (2019). The chemical composition of poplar wood in relation to the species and age of trees. Annals of Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW Forestry and Wood Technology, 107, 131-138.
• Linko, M., Vikari, L., Suihko, M-L. (1984). Hydrolysis of xylan and fermentation of xylose to ethanol. Biotechnology Advances, 2, 233–252.
• Niemz, P., Mariani, S., Torres, M. (2004). Einfluss der hydrothermischen Behandlung von Picea abies (L.) Karsten und Eucalyptus nitens (Deane & Maiden) Maiden auf die chemische Zusammensetzung des Holzes - Influence of hydrothermal treatment on the chemical composition of Picea abies (L.) Karsten and Eucalyptus nitens (Deane &Maiden) Maiden. Schweizerische Zeitschrift fur Forstwesen, 155(12), 544-547.
• Nuopponen, M., Vuorinen, T., Jamsa, S., Viitaniemi, P. (2003). The effects of heat treatment on the behaviour of extractives in softwood studied by FTIR spectroscopic methods. Wood Science and Technology, 37(2): 109–115.
• OGM, (2016). Oduna dayalı orman ürünlerinin üretim ve pazarlama faaliyetleri. Ankara, Türkiye.
• Pettersen, R. C., Schwandt, V. H., Effland, M. J. (1984). An analysis of the wood sugar assay using HPLC: a comparison with paper chromatography. J. Chromatogr. Sci., 22, 478-484.
• Pu, Y., Hu, F., Huang, F., Davison, B. H., Ragauskas, A. J. (2013). Assessing the molecular structure basis for biomass recalcitrance during dilute acid and hydrothermal pretreatments. Biotechnology for Biofuels, 6(1): 1-13.
• Rathmacher, G., Niggemann, M., Köhnen, M., Ziegenhagen, B., Bialozyt, R. (2010). Short-distance gene flow in Populus nigra L. accounts for small-scale spatial genetic structures: implications for in situ conservation measures. Conservation Genetics, 11(4), 1327-1338.
• Rosa, M. E., Pereira, H. (1994). The effect of long term treatment at 100ºC–150ºC on structure, chemical composition and compression behaviour of cork. Holzforschung, 48: 226–232.
• Sixta, H. (2006). Handbook of Pulp, WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH and Co. KGaA, Weinheim, Germany.
• Stettler. R, Bradshaw, T., Heilman, P., Hinckley, T. (1996). Biology of populus and its implications for management and conservation. NRC Research Press, Ottawa, Canada.
• Tunc, M. S.,Van Heiningen, A. R. P. (2008). Hydrothermal dissolution of mixed southern hardwoods. Holzforschung, 62(5), 539–545.
• Tutuş, A., Çiçekler, M., Karataş, B. (2019). Kavak odunu yongalarından modifiye yöntem ile kağıt hamuru ve kağıt üretimi. International Congresss on Agriculture and Forestry, p. 800-808, Marmaris, Turkey.
• Van Heiningen, A. R. P., Tunc, M. S., MacEwan, K. (2005). Prehydrolysis of hemicellulose from mixed southern hardwood using hot water prehydrolysis. In 2005 AIChE annual meeting and fall showcase, Cincinnati OH.
• Wise, E. L., Karl, H. L. (1962). Cellulose and hemicellulose. In: Libby, C. E. (Editor). Pulp and Paper Science and Technology, Vol. 1. New York, USA: McGraw Hill, pp. 55-73.
• Yanez, R., Romani, A., Garrote, G., Alonso, J. L., Parajo, J. C. (2009). Processing Of Acacia Dealbata İn Aqueous Media: First Step Of A Wood Biorefinery. Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Research, 48, 6618–6626.
• Yaşar, S., Güller, B., Baydar, H. (2010). Susam (Sesamum indicum L.), pamuk (Gossypium hirsitum L.) ve haşhaş (Papaver somniferum L.) saplarında karbonhidrat, lignin miktarları ve bazı lif özellikleri üzerine araştırmalar. SDÜ Orman Fakültesi Dergisi, 1, 56-66.