Acharya Jagadish Chandra Bose Hindistan Botanik Bahçesi'nin (Howrah, Batı Bengal, Hindistan) farklı yaşam alanı mozaiklerinde karınca türlerinin çeşitliliği

Abstract

Karıncalar (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) çok çeşitli ekolojik nişlere sahiptir ve otçul ya da yırtıcı ya da temizleyici olarak çeşitli gıda kaynaklarından yararlanır. Bu çalışma, sıkışık bir şehrin ortasında yer alan Hint Botanik bahçesi olarak bilinen bitkiler için ayrılmış ex-situ bir koruma alanındaki karınca çeşitliliğini ortaya koymaktadır. Ayrıca, çalışma karınca topluluğu yapısının bu korunan alanda bulunan farklı habitat mozaikleriyle ilişkisini belgelemektedir. Bu çalışma için toplama yöntemi olarak çukur düşme tuzağı kullanılmıştır ve dört farklı habitatta dağıtılan ve birbirini takip eden iki ay içinde tekrarlanan kuadrat örneklemesi (toplam 16 kuadrat ve her kuadrat muntazam yerleştirilmiş 9 çukur düşme tuzağı içermektedir) içinde birleştirilmiştir. Tüm örnekler toplanmış, korunmuş ve titizlikle tanımlanmıştır. Tüm çalışma alanından 19 cins ve 6 alt aileden toplam 27 karınca türü belgelenmiştir. Bu çalışma aynı zamanda habitatlar arasındaki çeşitlilik farklılıklarını da yansıtmaktadır. Hint Botanik Bahçesi'nde bulunan farklı habitatlar arasında 'Bahçe-Fidanlık' (Shannon_H = 2.214 ve Simpson_1-D = 0.8333) ve 'Yabani Çalılar ve Ağaç Bahçeleri' (Shannon_H = 2.105 ve Simpson_1-D = 0.8182) en çeşitli iki habitattır ve 'otlu açık çalılık alanı' en baskın olanıdır (Dominance_D = 0.4354, Berger-Parker = 0.6512, Shannon_H = 1.521 ve Simpson_1-D = 0.5646). Bu çalışma, karıncaların toplum yapısı hakkında açıkça bir fikir vermektedir ve bu ekosistemin istikrarını ve koşullarını oluşturan insan yapımı bir ex-situ koruma alanındaki habitatlarla ilişkisini yansıtmaktadır.

Keywords

• Karınca topluluğu
• Hindistan
• tür çeşitliliği
• tür toplulukları
• habitat mozaikleri

Diversity of ants species in different habitat mosaics of Acharya Jagadish Chandra Bose Indian Botanical Garden (Howrah, West Bengal, India)

Abstract

Ants (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) occupy a wide range of ecological niches and exploit various food resources either as herbivores or as predators or scavengers. This study establishes the diversity of ants in an ex-situ conservation site dedicated for plants known as Indian Botanical garden situated amidst a congested city.  It also documents the relation of ant community structure with different habitat mosaics present within this protected area. For this study pit fall trap was used as collection method and amalgamated within quadrat sampling (total 16 quadrats and each quadrat contains 9 pit fall traps placed uniformly) distributed in four different habitats and repeated in two consecutive months. All the specimens were collected, preserved and identified meticulously. Total 27 species of ants from 19 genera and 6 subfamilies are documented from the whole study area. This study also reflects differences in diversity among the habitats. Among different habitats present in the Indian Botanic Garden, ‘Garden-Nurseries’ (Shannon_H =2.214 and Simpson_1-D=0.8333) and ‘Wild Bushes and Tree groves’ (Shannon_H =2.105 and Simpson_1-D=0.8182) are two most diverse habitats and ‘Open scrubland with grasses’ is the most dominant one (Dominance_D = 0.4354, Berger-Parker = 0.6512, Shannon_H =1.521 and Simpson_1-D=0.5646). This study clearly gives an idea about the community structure of the ants and reflects its relation with the habitats in a man-made ex-situ conservation site which establish the stability and conditions of this ecosystem.

Keywords

• Ant community
• Species assemblage
• Species diversity
• Habitat mosaics
• India

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