Research Article

Therapeutic Potential of 2-Cyclopenten-1-one in Malignant Melanoma Through Combined Cytotoxic and Anti-inflammatory Actions

Volume: 7 Number: 1 June 29, 2026
Bulletin of Biotechnology Cover
Bulletin of Biotechnology
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Therapeutic Potential of 2-Cyclopenten-1-one in Malignant Melanoma Through Combined Cytotoxic and Anti-inflammatory Actions

Abstract

Melanoma is one of the most aggressive types of skin cancer, with its increasing incidence being linked to elevated exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation. Due to the limited efficacy of current therapies, there is a need to explore novel natural therapeutic agents. This study investigated the biological effects of 2-cyclopenten-1-one (2-CP), a naturally occurring compound found in Arum dioscoridis, were investigated on the human melanoma cell line (SK-MEL-30) and the healthy fibroblast cell line (L929). The cytotoxic and antiproliferative properties of the compound were evaluated using MTT and colony formation assays. Changes in the expression of TGF-β protein were analysed using Western blot. The findings revealed that 2-cyclopenten-1-one had a dose-dependent cytotoxic effect, demonstrating approximately 3-fold the toxicity of melanoma cells compared to healthy fibroblasts. (IC₅₀: SK-MEL-30, 58.8 µM; L929, 156.6 µM). Furthermore, the compound reduced colony formation by 76% and completely suppressed proliferation at a concentration of 100 µM. Western blot analysis revealed that LPS treatment increased TGF-β expression by approximately 1.5-fold. In contrast, 2-cyclopenten-1-one reduced this increase, restoring expression levels to near-baseline levels. These results suggest that the compound may have anti-tumour effects by inhibiting TGF-β-mediated proliferative signalling pathways. In conclusion, 2-cyclopenten-1-one emerges as a potential natural therapeutic agent with selective cytotoxicity against melanoma cells and a low toxicity profile. Further in vitro and in vivo investigations are needed to elucidate the compound’s anticancer and immunomodulatory mechanisms.

Keywords

Supporting Institution

This study supported by The Scientific and Technological Research Council of Türkiye (TÜBİTAK) 2209-A Research Projects Support Program for Undergraduate Students.

Project Number

TÜBİTAK 2209-A (1919B012109599)

Ethical Statement

The author declares that there is no conflict of interest regarding the publication of this article.

Thanks

The author gratefully acknowledges TÜBİTAK for funding.

References

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Details

Primary Language

English

Subjects

Cell Development, Proliferation and Death

Journal Section

Research Article

Authors

Sinem Guzel
Türkiye

Publication Date

June 29, 2026

Submission Date

January 15, 2026

Acceptance Date

March 9, 2026

Published in Issue

Year 2026 Volume: 7 Number: 1

DOI

https://doi.org/10.51539/biotech.1863509

IZ

https://izlik.org/JA46LZ77HB

Cite

RIS / Bibtex
APA
Kostak, F., Kasikci, B., Guzel, S., Coskuner, K. E., Çelik, S., & Pehlivanoğlu, S. (2026). Therapeutic Potential of 2-Cyclopenten-1-one in Malignant Melanoma Through Combined Cytotoxic and Anti-inflammatory Actions. Bulletin of Biotechnology, 7(1), 9-14. https://doi.org/10.51539/biotech.1863509
AMA
1.Kostak F, Kasikci B, Guzel S, Coskuner KE, Çelik S, Pehlivanoğlu S. Therapeutic Potential of 2-Cyclopenten-1-one in Malignant Melanoma Through Combined Cytotoxic and Anti-inflammatory Actions. Bull. Biotechnol. 2026;7(1):9-14. doi:10.51539/biotech.1863509
Chicago
Kostak, Feyza, Burak Kasikci, Sinem Guzel, Kubra Ece Coskuner, Sultan Çelik, and Suray Pehlivanoğlu. 2026. “Therapeutic Potential of 2-Cyclopenten-1-One in Malignant Melanoma Through Combined Cytotoxic and Anti-Inflammatory Actions”. Bulletin of Biotechnology 7 (1): 9-14. https://doi.org/10.51539/biotech.1863509.
EndNote
Kostak F, Kasikci B, Guzel S, Coskuner KE, Çelik S, Pehlivanoğlu S (June 1, 2026) Therapeutic Potential of 2-Cyclopenten-1-one in Malignant Melanoma Through Combined Cytotoxic and Anti-inflammatory Actions. Bulletin of Biotechnology 7 1 9–14.
IEEE
[1]F. Kostak, B. Kasikci, S. Guzel, K. E. Coskuner, S. Çelik, and S. Pehlivanoğlu, “Therapeutic Potential of 2-Cyclopenten-1-one in Malignant Melanoma Through Combined Cytotoxic and Anti-inflammatory Actions”, Bull. Biotechnol., vol. 7, no. 1, pp. 9–14, June 2026, doi: 10.51539/biotech.1863509.
ISNAD
Kostak, Feyza - Kasikci, Burak - Guzel, Sinem - Coskuner, Kubra Ece - Çelik, Sultan - Pehlivanoğlu, Suray. “Therapeutic Potential of 2-Cyclopenten-1-One in Malignant Melanoma Through Combined Cytotoxic and Anti-Inflammatory Actions”. Bulletin of Biotechnology 7/1 (June 1, 2026): 9-14. https://doi.org/10.51539/biotech.1863509.
JAMA
1.Kostak F, Kasikci B, Guzel S, Coskuner KE, Çelik S, Pehlivanoğlu S. Therapeutic Potential of 2-Cyclopenten-1-one in Malignant Melanoma Through Combined Cytotoxic and Anti-inflammatory Actions. Bull. Biotechnol. 2026;7:9–14.
MLA
Kostak, Feyza, et al. “Therapeutic Potential of 2-Cyclopenten-1-One in Malignant Melanoma Through Combined Cytotoxic and Anti-Inflammatory Actions”. Bulletin of Biotechnology, vol. 7, no. 1, June 2026, pp. 9-14, doi:10.51539/biotech.1863509.
Vancouver
1.Feyza Kostak, Burak Kasikci, Sinem Guzel, Kubra Ece Coskuner, Sultan Çelik, Suray Pehlivanoğlu. Therapeutic Potential of 2-Cyclopenten-1-one in Malignant Melanoma Through Combined Cytotoxic and Anti-inflammatory Actions. Bull. Biotechnol. 2026 Jun. 1;7(1):9-14. doi:10.51539/biotech.1863509