Writing Rules

INSTRUCTIONS TO AUTHORS

The manuscript should be prepared according to the given template. Please download the Manuscript_Template and upload your edited manuscript according to this template.

All authors on a submitted paper must sign the copyright release form and it should be uploaded as PDF or JPEG.

Click here for Copyright Release Form

Author fees / Access: The Journal does NOT charge a fee for submission, processing or publication from authors. The Journal database is fully open access and full text of published articles are available for everyone who can get access to the Journal website free of cost.

Plagiarism : The similarity level of the manuscript to be submitted to the journal (excluding references) should be below 20%. Validity similarity control programs are Ithenticate and Turnitin.

Articles are full-length research reports that contain detailed descriptions of experimental work, with clear interpretation and discussion of the theoretical and experimental results and data. Articles should be structured under the section headings Introduction, Materials and Methods, Results, Discussion, Acknowledgment, Nomenclature/Appendix (if applicable), and References. Authors should present their material with utmost clarity and conciseness and in a logical manner. Constant repetition of experimental procedures, information, and facts among sections should be avoided.

The organization shown below should be followed (in the order was given):

Abstract

Articles must include an Abstract of 250 words or fewer. The Abstract should not repeat information already present in the title. It should be suitable for direct inclusion in Current Contents, Chemical Abstracts, and Biological Abstracts, etc.

Keywords

Immediately after the abstract, provide a maximum of 6 keywords. Please avoid general terms, multiple concepts (avoid, for example, "and" "of"), and abbreviations. Only abbreviations firmly established in the field may be eligible.

Introduction

The Introduction presents the purpose of the studies reported and their relationship to earlier work in the field. It should not be an extensive review of the literature. Use only those references required to provide the most salient background to allow the readers to understand and evaluate the purpose and results of the present study without referring to previous publications on the topic.

Materials and Methods

The Materials and Methods section should be brief but include sufficient technical information to allow the experiments to be repeated by a qualified reader. Only new methods should be described in detail. Cite previously published procedures in References.

Results

The Results section should include the rationale or design of the experiments as well as the results of the experiments. Results can be presented in figures, tables, and text. Reserve extensive discussion of the results for the Discussion section.

Discussion / Results and Discussion

The Discussion section should focus on the interpretation of the results rather than a repetition of the Results section. The Results and Discussion sections may be combined into one section when substantial redundancy cannot be avoided in two separate sections or if a long discussion is not warranted.

Acknowledgements

Place Acknowledgments, including information on the source of any financial support received for the work being published, before the References.

Citation in text

All citations in the text should refer to:

Single author: the author's name (without initials, unless there is ambiguity) and the year of publication (Dogan 2019); Two authors: both authors' names and the year of publication (Dogan and Cicek 2017); Three or more authors: first author's name followed by 'et al.' and the year of publication (Dogan et al. 2015).

Citations may be made directly (or parenthetically). Groups of references should be listed first alphabetically, then chronologically. Examples: 'as demonstrated (Allan 2000a, 2000b; Allan and Jones 1999). Kramer et al. (2010) have recently shown ....'

References

References should be arranged first alphabetically and then further sorted chronologically if necessary. More than one reference from the same author(s) in the same year must be identified by the letters 'a', 'b', 'c', etc., placed after the year of publication. ………. ., ……… 2018. ……. ….. ……….. …. (Times 9 pt, single spaced, paragraph justified, 1 cm hanging indent, 4 pt

Journal article

Fajardo AJ (2009) A global view of antibiotic resistance. Bull Biotech 34:44-65
Martinez JL, Garmendia L (2009) A global view of antibiotic resistance. Bull Biotech 34:44-65
Martinez JL, Fajardo A, Garmendia L, Hernandez A, Linares JF, Martinez-Solano L, Sanchez MB (2009) A global view of antibiotic resistance. Bull Biotech 34:44-65

Inclusion of issue number (optional)
Saunders DS (1976) The biological clock of insects. Sci Am 234(2):114-121

Journal article with DOI (and with page numbers)
Slifka MK, Whitton JL (2000) Clinical implications of dysregulated cytokine production. J Mol Med 78:74-80. doi:10.1007/s001090000086

Book chapter
Brown B, Aaron M (2001) The politics of nature. In: Smith J (ed) The rise of modern genomics, 3rd edn. Wiley, New York

Book, authored
South J, Blass B (2001) The future of modern genomics. Blackwell, London

Chapter in a book in a series
Smith SE (1976) Neuromuscular blocking drugs in man. In: Zaimis E (ed) Neuromuscular junction. Handbook of experimental pharmacology, vol 42. Springer, Heidelberg, pp 593-660

Proceedings without an editor (without a publisher)
Chung S-T, Morris RL (1978) Isolation and characterization of plasmid deoxyribonucleic acid from Streptomyces fradiae. In: Abstracts of the 3rd international symposium on the genetics of industrial microorganisms, University of Wisconsin, Madison, 4-9 June 1978

Patent. Name and date of the patent are optional
Norman LO (1998) Lightning rods. US Patent 4,379,752, 9 Sept 1998

Online document
Doe J (2019) Title of subordinate document. In: The dictionary of substances and their effects. Royal Society of Chemistry. Available via DIALOG. http://www.rsc.org/dose/title of subordinate document. Accessed 21 Sept 2019

Online database
Healthwise Knowledgebase (2019) US Pharmacopeia, Rockville. http://www.healthwise.org. Accessed 21 Sept 2019

Tables

Tables should be typewritten separately from the main text and in an appropriate font size to preferably fit each table on a separate page. Each table must be numbered with Arabic numerals (e.g., Table 1, Table 2) and include a title. Place footnotes to tables below the table body and indicate them with superscript lowercase letters (a, b, c, etc), not symbols. Do not use vertical rulings in the tables. Each column in a table must have a heading, and abbreviations, when necessary, should be defined in the footnotes.

Figures
Figures should be provided separately from the main text. Use Arabic numerals to number all figures (e.g., Fig 1, Fig 2) according to their sequence in the text. The figure number must appear well outside the boundaries of the image itself. Multipart figures should be numbered in uppercase and bold font letters (a, b, c, etc) without parenthesis, both on the figure itself and in the figure legends.

NOMENCLATURES, UNITS, ABBREVIATIONS, AND SYMBOLS

All abbreviations should be defined at their first use in the text only; do not repeat the definition of abbreviations thereafter.

Note that the Bulletin of Biotechnology uses the following specific design styles (Nomenclature, abbreviations, units and symbols):

The Bulletin of Biotechnology prefers American spelling (e.g., labelling, sulfur, nonspecific, antiviral), abbreviations (Table 1), and nomenclature to follow internationally agreed recommendations. However, authors may use commonly used abbreviations/acronyms but these must be defined in the text at first citation and included in the Abbreviations list.

It is often convenient, especially in figures and table headings, to give a multiple of the quantity set or measured by multiplying it by a stated factor. The units in which it is expressed should not be multiplied by a number but may be indicated by prefixes such as M, k, m, μ, n or p (see Table 2).

The Bulletin of Biotechnology prefers the IUBMB recommendations on symbolism and terminology in rate/equilibrium constants and enzyme kinetics. e.g., K_m, K_s, k₁, k_cat, V_max, V₀, E₀, E_h, M_r, I₀, ΔG_a (i.e., subscripted, non-italicized).

SI (Systeme International d' Unites) units and quantities should be used (see Tables below) but Å, cal, p.p.m. can be used where appropriate.

Leave a space between a number and it's unit of measure. (Exception, do not leave a space between a number and the temperature degree, per cent, angular degree, angular minute, or angular second symbols, 15°C, 50%, 90°, 75', 18" ).

Use a slash (/) in units of measure (i.e., g/ml rather than g ml^-1).

Use a slash (/) in spelt-out units of measure, not the word "per", before the abbreviation for a unit in complex expressions. e.g., 50 μg of peptide/ml, 25 mg of drug/kg of body weight, 10 counts/s, 12 domains/cm³, 2 × 10³ ions/min, 0.8 keV/channel, and 125 conversions/mm².

Do not add an "s" to make the plural of any abbreviated units of measure. e.g., 50 mg (not 50 mgs), 3 mol (not 3 mols).

Do not mix abbreviations and spelt-out units within units of measure.

Do not capitalize surnames that are used as units of measure.

Centrifugal force should be preferably expressed as ×g, rather than rpm.

L-amino acid, D-amino acid (i.e., LD in small caps).

Names for regional bioproducts should be written in non-italicized lowercase letters. The names should be explained in parenthesis when used first time in the abstract/text. (e.g., kimchi (Korean traditional fermented cabbages)).

Usage should be consistent within a paper.

MANUSCRIPT CHECKLIST

It is hoped that this list will be useful during the final checking of your manuscript prior to submitting it to the journal for review. Ensure that the following items are present:

□ One author designated as the corresponding author

□ Telephone numbers, and E-mail address of the corresponding author

□ Keywords

□ All tables (including title, description, footnotes) and figures (separated from figure legends)

are provided in a single file with the main text for initial submission.

□ References are in the correct format for this journal.

□ All references mentioned in the Reference list are cited in the text and vice versa.