Seralarda soğutma pedi olarak yerel malzemelerin kullanımı olanaklarının araştırılması

Year 2020, Volume: 1 Issue: 2, 87 - 98, 31.12.2020

Sedat Boyacı , Adil Akyüz , Merve Eren

Abstract

Seralarda yaz aylarında sera iç ortamında meydana gelen aşırı sıcaklık yükselmeleri bitki yetiştiriciliğini sınırlandırmaktadır. Bu dönemlerde uygulanan doğal havalandırma ve zorunlu havalandırma uygulamaları yetersiz olmaktadır. Ancak bu iç sıcaklık değerlerini düşürmek amacıyla kullanılan evaporatif serinletme yöntemleri havanın duyulur ısısını gizli ısıya dönüştürerek iç ortam sıcaklık değerlerini düşürmenin yanında ortamdaki bağıl nem değerlerini arttırarak yetiştiriciliğe imkan tanımaktadır. Bu evaporatif serinletme yöntemlerinden biride fan ped serinletme yöntemidir. Bu sistemde ticari olarak kullanılan selüloz esaslı ped malzemesinde iç ortam hava sıcaklığının, dış ortam havasının sıcaklığına göre 5-15 °C altına düşürülebileceğini ve sistem etkinliğini ise yaklaşık %80 olabileceği araştırmacılar tarafından belirlenmiştir. Ancak ped maliyetinin yüksek olması sistemin kullanılmasını sınırlandıran en büyük etmenlerden biridir. Bu amaçla kırsal bölgelerde atık olarak değerlendirilecek birçok yerel malzeme (kabak lifi, saman, çuval bezi, kavak talaşı, hindistan cevizi lifleri, odun talaşı, samar, japon şemsiyesi, topalak, kenevir, palash ağacı, pomza taşı, volkanik tüf) araştırmacılar tarafından denemeye alınarak bu malzemelerin ticari olarak kullanılan pedlere alternatif olarak düşük maliyet ile kullanılabileceği ve iç ortam hava sıcaklığının, dış ortam havasının sıcaklığına göre 3-13 °C altına düşürülebileceğini ve sistem etkinliğini yaklaşık %80 olarak hesap etmişlerdir. Yapılan çalışmada, ülkemizdeki örtü altı alan ve üretim miktarları, seralardaki serinletme ihtiyacı, yerel olarak kullanılabilecek malzemelerin verimlilikleri ve ped malzemesinde aranacak özellikler literatür verileri ile tartışılarak kullanım olanakları hakkında bilgiler sunulmuştur.

Keywords

Sera, evaporatif serinletme, fan ped

Investigating the possibilities of using local materials as cooling pads in greenhouses

Abstract

In the greenhouses, the excessive temperature increases that occur in the greenhouse indoor environment during the summer months limit the cultivation of plants. Natural ventilation and compulsory ventilation practices applied during these periods are insufficient. However, evaporative cooling methods used to reduce these internal temperature values allow cultivation by converting the sensible heat of the air into latent heat, reducing the indoor temperature values as well as increasing the relative humidity values in the environment. One of these evaporative cooling methods is the fan pad cooling method. In this system, it has been determined by the researchers that the indoor air temperature can be reduced below 5-15°C according to the temperature of the outdoor air in the cellulose-based pad material used commercially, and the system efficiency can be approximately 80%. However, the high cost of pads is one of the biggest factors limiting the use of the system. For this purpose, many local materials that will be considered as waste in rural areas (luffa, straw, sackcloth, aspen shavings, coconut fibers, wood shavings, samar, purdy, Nut-grass or Se’d, khus, palash tree fibers, pumice stone, volcanic tuff) are tried by researchers. They calculated that these materials can be used at low cost as an alternative to commercially used pads and that the indoor air temperature can be reduced to 3-13°C below the temperature of the outdoor air, and the system efficiency is approximately 80%. In the study, information about the greenhouse area and production amounts in our country, the need for cooling in the greenhouses, the efficiency of the materials that can be used locally and the features to be sought in the pad material are discussed with the literature data and information about the usage possibilities.

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