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The Role of Sintering in High-Temperature Ceramics

Year 2025, Volume: 3 Issue: 2, 105 - 111, 25.11.2025
https://doi.org/10.70500/bjs.1788392

Abstract

Nano-boron-doped Sm1.75Ca(2.2-x)BxCu3.4Oy and nano-Zn-doped Sn2Ba(Cu2-xZnx)2Oy (x = 0.0, 0.4, 0.8, 1.0) superconducting ceramics belonging to the YBCO family of high-temperature superconductors were produced by the solid-state reaction method. According to DTA/TGA measurements, the ideal sintering temperature was determined as 960-1040 ℃ for Sm-based ceramics and 880-900 ℃ for Sn-based ceramics, and the sintering stages were established. The material sintering temperature range depends on the temperature at which all phases in the material begin to melt. Temperatures higher than 1040 and 900 ℃ were not selected for both ceramics due to mass loss. It is possible to say that the sintering temperature changes the properties of the material since it affects the oxygen content. SEM analyses reveal that the porous structure typically observed in Sn-based ceramics diminishes with increasing Zn dopant, accompanied by a significant grain growth. Furthermore, with the progressive incorporation of nano-boron, an enhancement in grain development is evident, suggesting a transformation in the crystal structure. The EDAX method was used to understand whether the elements in both materials were lost during sintering. It was observed that the stoichiometric ratio of the samples was almost equal to the selected nominal phase compositions.

References

  • Bolat, S., Kütük, S. (2012). Fabrication of the New Y3Ba5Cu8Oy Superconductor Using Melt–Powder–Melt–Growth Method and Comparison with YBa2Cu3O7−x. Journal of Superconductivity and Novel Magnetism, 25, 731-738. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10948-011-1332-0
  • Büyükakkaş, S., Ünlüer, Ş. (2025). Effects on structural properties of doping zinc into Sn2Ba(Cu2-xZnx)2Oy ceramics. Indian J Phys 99(9), 3275–3287. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12648-025-03551-x
  • Güler , M. T., Karaca, I., Ünlüer, Ş. (2021). Crystallographic effects of Boron doping into Sm-Ca-Cu-O Ceramic. Journal of Molecular Structure, 1231, 129876. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.molstruc.2021.129876
  • Javadpour, J., Yusefi, A. (2003). Effect of Sintering Conditions on Microstructure and The Superconducting Properties of YBa2Cu3O7-x. International Journal of Engineering, 16(4), 355-360.
  • Lee, S. H., Baek, S., Kim, H. J., Lee S. G., Lee, Y. H. (2012). Ferroelectric and Piezoelectric Properties of Lead-Free 0.98(Na0.5K0.5)NbO3- 0.02Ba(Zr0.52Ti0.48)O3 Ceramics with Various Sintering Temperatures. Electronic Materials Letters, 8(2), 147-150 Doi: 10.1007/s13391-012-1068-4
  • Lee, S. H., Kim, H. J., Lee, Y. H. (2012). Electrical Properties of Lead-Free 0.98(Na0.5K0.5Li0.1)NbO3-0.02Ba(Zr0.52Ti0.48)O3 Ceramics by Sintering Temperature. Electronic Materials Letters, 8(3), 289-293. Doi: 10.1007/s13391-012-2002-5
  • Ogawa, N., Hirabayashi, I. and Tanaka, S., (1991). Preparation of a High-Tc YBaCuO Bulk Superconductor by the Platinum Doped Melt Growth Method. Physica C, 177, 101-105.
  • Park, I. K., Kim, H. G. (1990). The Effect of Sintering Time on the Mechanical and Superconducting Properties of YBa2Cu3O7-x Ceramics. Solid State Communications, 75(11), 907-910.
  • Prayoonphokkharat, P., Jiansirisomboon, S., Watcharapasorn, A. (2013). Fabrication and Properties of YBa2Cu3O7-x Ceramics at Different Sintering Temperatures. Electronic Materials Letters, 9(4), 413-416. Doi: 10.1007/s13391-013-0020-6.
  • Rao, C. N. R., Nagarajan, R., Vijayaraghavan, R. (1993). Synthesis of Cuprate Superconductors. Supercond. Sci. Technol., 6, 1-22.
  • Tolendiuly, S., Sovet, A., Fomenko, S. (2023). Effect of Doping on Phase Formation in YBCO Composites. Journal of Composites Science. 7, 517. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcs7120517
  • Yawirach, S., Wannasut, P., Boonsong, P., Watcharapasorn, A. (2023). Effect of sintering time on phase, physical properties, microstructure and thermal conductivity of Y(Ba1-xLax)2Cu3O7-δ ceramics. Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 2431, 012099 doi:10.1088/1742-6596/2431/1/012099

Yüksek Sıcaklık Seramiklerde Sinterlemenin Rolü

Year 2025, Volume: 3 Issue: 2, 105 - 111, 25.11.2025
https://doi.org/10.70500/bjs.1788392

Abstract

Yüksek sıcaklık süperiletkenlerin YBCO ailesine ait nano-bor katkılı Sm1.75Ca(2.2-x)BxCu3.4Oy ve nano-Zn katkılı Sn2Ba(Cu2-xZnx)2Oy (x = 0.0, 0.4, 0.8, 1.0) süperiletken seramikler katı hal reaksiyon yöntemi ile üretilmiştir. DTA/TGA ölçümlerine göre Sm esaslı seramikler için ideal sinterleme sıcaklığı 960-1040 ℃, Sn esaslı seramikler için ise 880-900 ℃ olarak belirlenmiş ve sinterleme aşamaları oluşturulmuştur. Malzeme sinterleme sıcaklık aralığı, malzemedeki tüm fazların erimeye başladığı sıcaklığa bağlıdır. Her iki seramik için de kütle kaybı nedeniyle 1040 ve 900 ℃'den yüksek sıcaklıklar seçilmemiştir. Sinterleme sıcaklığının oksijen içeriğini etkilemesi nedeniyle malzemenin özelliklerini değiştirdiği söylenebilir. SEM analizleri, Sn esaslı seramiklerde tipik olarak gözlenen gözenekli yapının, artan Zn katkısıyla birlikte önemli bir tane büyümesiyle azaldığını ortaya koymaktadır. Ayrıca, nanoborun kademeli olarak eklenmesiyle tane gelişiminde belirgin bir artış görülmekte ve bu da kristal yapıda bir dönüşüm olduğunu göstermektedir. Her iki malzemedeki elementlerin sinterleme sırasında kaybolup kaybolmadığını anlamak için EDAX yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Numunelerin stokiyometrik oranının, seçilen nominal faz kompozisyonlarına neredeyse eşit olduğu gözlemlenmiştir.

References

  • Bolat, S., Kütük, S. (2012). Fabrication of the New Y3Ba5Cu8Oy Superconductor Using Melt–Powder–Melt–Growth Method and Comparison with YBa2Cu3O7−x. Journal of Superconductivity and Novel Magnetism, 25, 731-738. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10948-011-1332-0
  • Büyükakkaş, S., Ünlüer, Ş. (2025). Effects on structural properties of doping zinc into Sn2Ba(Cu2-xZnx)2Oy ceramics. Indian J Phys 99(9), 3275–3287. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12648-025-03551-x
  • Güler , M. T., Karaca, I., Ünlüer, Ş. (2021). Crystallographic effects of Boron doping into Sm-Ca-Cu-O Ceramic. Journal of Molecular Structure, 1231, 129876. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.molstruc.2021.129876
  • Javadpour, J., Yusefi, A. (2003). Effect of Sintering Conditions on Microstructure and The Superconducting Properties of YBa2Cu3O7-x. International Journal of Engineering, 16(4), 355-360.
  • Lee, S. H., Baek, S., Kim, H. J., Lee S. G., Lee, Y. H. (2012). Ferroelectric and Piezoelectric Properties of Lead-Free 0.98(Na0.5K0.5)NbO3- 0.02Ba(Zr0.52Ti0.48)O3 Ceramics with Various Sintering Temperatures. Electronic Materials Letters, 8(2), 147-150 Doi: 10.1007/s13391-012-1068-4
  • Lee, S. H., Kim, H. J., Lee, Y. H. (2012). Electrical Properties of Lead-Free 0.98(Na0.5K0.5Li0.1)NbO3-0.02Ba(Zr0.52Ti0.48)O3 Ceramics by Sintering Temperature. Electronic Materials Letters, 8(3), 289-293. Doi: 10.1007/s13391-012-2002-5
  • Ogawa, N., Hirabayashi, I. and Tanaka, S., (1991). Preparation of a High-Tc YBaCuO Bulk Superconductor by the Platinum Doped Melt Growth Method. Physica C, 177, 101-105.
  • Park, I. K., Kim, H. G. (1990). The Effect of Sintering Time on the Mechanical and Superconducting Properties of YBa2Cu3O7-x Ceramics. Solid State Communications, 75(11), 907-910.
  • Prayoonphokkharat, P., Jiansirisomboon, S., Watcharapasorn, A. (2013). Fabrication and Properties of YBa2Cu3O7-x Ceramics at Different Sintering Temperatures. Electronic Materials Letters, 9(4), 413-416. Doi: 10.1007/s13391-013-0020-6.
  • Rao, C. N. R., Nagarajan, R., Vijayaraghavan, R. (1993). Synthesis of Cuprate Superconductors. Supercond. Sci. Technol., 6, 1-22.
  • Tolendiuly, S., Sovet, A., Fomenko, S. (2023). Effect of Doping on Phase Formation in YBCO Composites. Journal of Composites Science. 7, 517. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcs7120517
  • Yawirach, S., Wannasut, P., Boonsong, P., Watcharapasorn, A. (2023). Effect of sintering time on phase, physical properties, microstructure and thermal conductivity of Y(Ba1-xLax)2Cu3O7-δ ceramics. Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 2431, 012099 doi:10.1088/1742-6596/2431/1/012099
There are 12 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Electronic and Magnetic Properties of Condensed Matter; Superconductivity
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

Selva Büyükakkaş 0000-0003-2967-1521

Publication Date November 25, 2025
Submission Date September 21, 2025
Acceptance Date November 24, 2025
Published in Issue Year 2025 Volume: 3 Issue: 2

Cite

IEEE S. Büyükakkaş, “The Role of Sintering in High-Temperature Ceramics”, BJS, vol. 3, no. 2, pp. 105–111, 2025, doi: 10.70500/bjs.1788392.