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YASAL DÜZENLEMELERİN ULUSLARARASI DOĞRUDAN YATIRIMLARA ETKİSİNE İLİŞKİN BİR KARŞILAŞTIRMA: TÜRKİYE VE ABD ÖRNEĞİ

Year 2025, Volume: 3 Issue: 1, 1 - 27, 30.06.2025

Ruveyda Gülmisal Akkale Çelebi

https://doi.org/10.69800/blr.1682579

Abstract

Bu makalede, Türkiye’nin ve Amerika Birleşik Devletleri’nin (ABD) Uluslararası Doğrudan Yatırım (UDY) düzenlemeleri arasındaki farklar, benzerlikler ve yasal çerçevelerin oluşum süreci, ekonomik etkileriyle birlikte incelemektedir. İlk bölümde UDY’ye genel bir bakış sunulmakta ve hem küresel hem de yerel eğilimler kısaca tartışılmakta, ardından Türkiye ve ABD’deki UDY mevzuatı ve düzenlemeleri karşılaştırmalı olarak ele alınmaktadır. Son bölümde ise her iki ülkede UDY’yi etkileyen belirleyici faktörlerle ilgili mevcut literatür gözden geçirilerek, yasal çerçevenin UDY akımlarına etkisi incelenmektedir. ABD’de UDY’nin Anayasa tarafından korunduğu ancak doğrudan UDY adıyla hazırlanan bir kanun bulunmadığı, bunun yanında çeşitli kanunlarda UDY’nin farklı boyutları esas alınarak düzenleme getirildiği vurgulanmaktadır. Türkiye’deki UDY mevzuatının ise yıllar içinde değişikliklere uğrayarak daha liberal bir çerçeveye ulaştığı görülmektedir. “Ulusal güvenlik”, kavramı, 1970’lerden itibaren ABD’de UDY’ye ilişkin yaklaşım açısından önem arz etmekte, UDY izleme mekanizması yıllar içinde kurumsallaşmış görünmektedir. Türkiye’de ise UDY için detaylı izleme veya bazı istisnalar dışında kısıtlamanın ABD kadar belirgin olmadığı bir yaklaşım benimsenmektedir. Türkiye, yatırımcı güvenini sağlamayı amaçlayan yasal düzenlemelerle UDY alanında önemli mesafe kaydetmiştir. Türkiye’deki UDY serbestleşmesinin ekonomik istikrar, piyasa dostu reform takvimi, AB uyum süreci, olumlu beklentiler ve makroekonomik istikrar sağlandığında bir ivme sağlayabildiği dikkat çekmektedir. ABD’de ise GSYH büyüklüğü, büyüme, altyapı, işgücü fiyatı ve kaliteye ek olarak; teknoloji transferi amaçları da sanayileşme, teknoloji ve mikro kapasitelerin UDY alanında ilgili sektörleri yatay kesen unsurlar teşkil etmektedir. Liberal bir yasal çerçeve, yatırım çekmek için gerekli bir koşul olsa da tek başına yeterli olmamakta, belirli bir eşikten sonra yapısal faktörlerin belirleyici olduğu görülmektedir.

Keywords

UDY TÜRKİYE'DE UDY HUKUK VE EKONOMİ uluslararası doğrudan yatırımların hukuki çerçevesi hukuki araçlar

Supporting Institution

TÜBİTAK

Thanks

Bu makale TÜBİTAK 2219 Doktora Sonrası Yurt Dışı Araştırma Bursu desteğiyle hazırlanmıştır.

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LEGAL TOOLS AND COMPONENTS FOR ATTRACTING FDI, A COMPARATIVE STUDY: TÜRKİYE AND THE UNITED STATES

Year 2025, Volume: 3 Issue: 1, 1 - 27, 30.06.2025

Ruveyda Gülmisal Akkale Çelebi

https://doi.org/10.69800/blr.1682579

Abstract

This paper examines the differences and similarities between the Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) regulations of Türkiye and the United States (US) and their economic impacts by analyzing the evolution of their legal frameworks. The first section provides an overview of FDI and discusses both global and local trends. In the following sections, the FDI legislation and regulations in Türkiye and the US are analyzed comparatively. The final section reviews existing literature on the factors influencing FDI in both countries, highlighting how their legal frameworks may have affected FDI inflows. The study finds that in the US, FDI is influenced by fundamental principles protected by the Constitution. While through several amendments, Türkiye’s FDI codes have evolved over the years, resulting in a somewhat more liberal legislative framework. The “national security” is a buzzword in the contemporary US FDI legal framework, which began in the 1970s, and FDI screening mechanism has been settled throughout the years with a deeper institutionalized structure. Türkiye stands with the come as you are policy, while the recent FDI screening wave in developed countries addresses international relations positions and critical sectors. Türkiye has made significant progress in attracting FDI by implementing legal regulations aimed at restoring investor confidence. In Türkiye’s experience, the FDI liberalization came into force when stability, the market-friendly reform calendar, the EU harmonization process, positive expectations, and macroeconomic stability were evident and acted as an anchor of the legal system. In the US, in addition to the GDP size, growth, infrastructure, labor price and quality; technology spillover purposes also illustrate that industrialization, technology, and micro capacities make cross-cutting elements for FDI attraction. While a liberal legal framework is a necessary condition for attracting investment, it is not sufficient on its own. Beyond a certain point, structural factors become more influential.

Keywords

FDI Legal tools FDI regulations law and economics FDI in Türkiye

Supporting Institution

TÜBİTAK

Thanks

This article is supported by TÜBİTAK 2219 Post-Doctoral Research Fellowship.

References

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There are 100 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Law and Humanities, International Trade and Investment Law
Journal Section Research Articles
Authors

Ruveyda Gülmisal Akkale Çelebi 0000-0001-8402-5181

Publication Date June 30, 2025
Submission Date April 23, 2025
Acceptance Date June 27, 2025
Published in Issue Year 2025 Volume: 3 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Akkale Çelebi, R. G. (2025). LEGAL TOOLS AND COMPONENTS FOR ATTRACTING FDI, A COMPARATIVE STUDY: TÜRKİYE AND THE UNITED STATES. The Boğaziçi Law Review, 3(1), 1-27. https://doi.org/10.69800/blr.1682579
AMA Akkale Çelebi RG. LEGAL TOOLS AND COMPONENTS FOR ATTRACTING FDI, A COMPARATIVE STUDY: TÜRKİYE AND THE UNITED STATES. BLR. June 2025;3(1):1-27. doi:10.69800/blr.1682579
Chicago Akkale Çelebi, Ruveyda Gülmisal. “LEGAL TOOLS AND COMPONENTS FOR ATTRACTING FDI, A COMPARATIVE STUDY: TÜRKİYE AND THE UNITED STATES”. The Boğaziçi Law Review 3, no. 1 (June 2025): 1-27. https://doi.org/10.69800/blr.1682579.
EndNote Akkale Çelebi RG (June 1, 2025) LEGAL TOOLS AND COMPONENTS FOR ATTRACTING FDI, A COMPARATIVE STUDY: TÜRKİYE AND THE UNITED STATES. The Boğaziçi Law Review 3 1 1–27.
IEEE R. G. Akkale Çelebi, “LEGAL TOOLS AND COMPONENTS FOR ATTRACTING FDI, A COMPARATIVE STUDY: TÜRKİYE AND THE UNITED STATES”, BLR, vol. 3, no. 1, pp. 1–27, 2025, doi: 10.69800/blr.1682579.
ISNAD Akkale Çelebi, Ruveyda Gülmisal. “LEGAL TOOLS AND COMPONENTS FOR ATTRACTING FDI, A COMPARATIVE STUDY: TÜRKİYE AND THE UNITED STATES”. The Boğaziçi Law Review 3/1 (June 2025), 1-27. https://doi.org/10.69800/blr.1682579.
JAMA Akkale Çelebi RG. LEGAL TOOLS AND COMPONENTS FOR ATTRACTING FDI, A COMPARATIVE STUDY: TÜRKİYE AND THE UNITED STATES. BLR. 2025;3:1–27.
MLA Akkale Çelebi, Ruveyda Gülmisal. “LEGAL TOOLS AND COMPONENTS FOR ATTRACTING FDI, A COMPARATIVE STUDY: TÜRKİYE AND THE UNITED STATES”. The Boğaziçi Law Review, vol. 3, no. 1, 2025, pp. 1-27, doi:10.69800/blr.1682579.
Vancouver Akkale Çelebi RG. LEGAL TOOLS AND COMPONENTS FOR ATTRACTING FDI, A COMPARATIVE STUDY: TÜRKİYE AND THE UNITED STATES. BLR. 2025;3(1):1-27.