The Burden of Premature Mortality in Turkey in 2001 and 2008

Abstract

Background: Standard expected years of life lost (SEYLL) is a measure that is used to evaluate losses due to premature deaths. Aims: The present study provides an analysis of premature mortality in Turkey for the years 2001 and 2008 and supplies evidence for making policies and setting health agendas over the long term. Study Design: Cross-sectional study. Methods: This study calculated SEYLL by gender, age group and causes of death in Turkey in 2014. The SEYLL measure counts the years lost in a population as a result of premature mortality and is computed by multiplying the number of deaths and standard life expectancy at the age at which death occurs. Results: The burden of premature mortality in Turkey was calculated as 4 104 253 SEYLL and 4 472 443 SEYLL in 2001 and 2008, respectively. Among these 42.7% and 43.9% of SEYLL were in females in 2001 and 2008, respectively. The leading five causes of premature mortality in the Turkish population in 2001 were cardiovascular system diseases (34.72%), perinatal conditions (12.69%), neoplasms (12.51%), external causes of injury (7.66%), and infections and parasitic diseases (6.57%). In 2008, the major causes were cardiovascular diseases (41.17%), neoplasms (14.63%), respiratory system diseases (9.81%), perinatal conditions (5.59%), and external causes of injury (5.29%). Conclusion: The majority of the burden of premature mortality in Turkey is attributable to non-communicable diseases. While premature deaths from infections and parasitic diseases, perinatal conditions and congenital anomalies decreased between 2001 and 2008, deaths from cardiovascular diseases, neoplasms and respiratory system diseases increased dramatically. Coordinated efforts for effective national prevention programs (such as regular monitoring of adults for early diagnosis of cardiovascular diseases and for malignancies by family physicians) should be developed by policy makers to decrease preventable and premature deaths from non-communicable diseases.

Keywords

• Premature mortality, disease burden, standard expected years of life lost

References

1. 1. Dranger E, Remington P. YPLL: A summary measure of premature mortality used in measuring the health of communities. Wisconsin Public Health&Health Policy Institute. Issue Brief 2004;7.
2. 2. Marshall RJ. Standard expected years of life lost as a measure of mortality: norms and reference to New Zealand data. Aust NZ J Public Health 2004;28:452-7. [CrossRef]
3. 3. Penner D, Pinheiro P, Kramer A. Measuring the burden of disease due to premature mortality using Standard Expected Years of Life Lost (SEYLL) in North Rhine-Westphalia, a Federal State of Germany, in 2005. J Public Health 2010;18:319-25. [CrossRef]
4. 4. Plass D, Chau PYK, Thach TQ, Jahn HJ, Lai PC, Wong CM, et al. Quantifying the burden of disease sue to premature mortality in Hong Kong using standard expected years of life lost. BMC Public Health 2013;13:863. [CrossRef]
5. 5. World health organization. WHO Estimates for DALYs, 2000- 2012. Available from: http://www.who.int/healthinfo/global_ burden_disease/GlobalCOD_method_2000_2012.pdf?ua=1 [Cited at 2015.04.05].
6. 6. GBD 2013 Mortality and Causes of Death Collaborators. Global, regional, and national age-sex specific all-cause and causespecific mortality for 240 causes of death, 1990-2013: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013. Lancet 2015;385:117-71. [CrossRef]
7. 7. Gènova-Maleras R, Catalá-López F, de Lareea-Baz NF, Álvarez-Martín E, Morant-Ginestar C. The burden of premature mortality in Spain using standard expected years of life lost: a population based study. BMC Public Health 2011;11:787. [CrossRef]
8. 8. Burden of Disease. Available from: http://www.aihw.gov.au/ burden-of-disease/ [cited at 2015 November 11].

9. 9. Murray CJL, Lopez AD. The Global Burden of Disease. A comprehensive assessment of mortality and disability from diseases, injuries and risk factors in 1990 and projected to 2010. Boston: Harvard University Press; 1996.
10. 10. Murray CJL, Lopez AD. Progress and directions in refining the global burden of disease approach: a response to Williams. Health Econ 2000;9:69-82. [CrossRef]
11. 11. Bonita R, Beaglehole R, Kjellström T. Basic Epidemiology. 2nd ed. Geneva: WHO; 2006.
12. 12. Seçilmiş 150 Nedene ve Yaş Grubuna Göre Ölümler. Available at: https://biruni.tuik.gov.tr/demografiapp/olum.zul (In Turkish) [cited at 2014 Decemeber 21].
13. 13. World Health Organization. Life tables for WHO member states. Available from: http://apps.who.int/gho/data/node.main.688 [cited at 2014 May 16].
14. 14. National burden of disease studies: a practical guide. Mathers CD, Vos T, Salomon J, Ezzati M. eds. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2001.
15. 15. 2000 Genel Nüfus Sayımı Available at: https://biruni.tuik.gov.tr/ nufusapp/idari.zul [cited at 2015 November 15].
16. 16. Adrese Dayalı Nüfus kayıt Sistemi İstatistikleri -2008 Available at: http://tuikapp.tuik.gov.tr/medas/?kn=95&locale=tr [cited at 2015 November 15].
17. 17. Turkey Demographic and Health Survey 2008. Available at: http://www.hips.hacettepe.edu.tr/eng/tdhs08/TDHS-2008_ Main_Report.pdf [cited at 2015 November 15].
18. 18. Ministry of Health. “National Burden of Disease” and “Cost Effectiveness” studies reports. Available from: http://ekutuphane. tusak.gov.tr/kitaplar/turkiye_hastalik_yuku_calismasi.pdf.
19. 19. UNICEF, Turkey. Türkiye’de 5 yaş altı ölüm hızında azalma: bir durum çalışması. Ankara; 2009. Available from: http://www. unicef.org.tr/files/bilgimerkezi/doc/unicef-5-yas-alti-olumler. pdf (In Turkish) [cited at 2015 May 21].
20. 20. Republic of Turkey Ministry of Health. Health Statistics Yearbook 2011. Ankara;2012.
21. 21. Turkish Statistical Institute. Elderly Statistics 2014. Ankara;2015.
22. 22. Unal B, Ergor G (Editors). Turkey Prevalance of Chronic Diseases and Risk Factors Study. Min. of Health, Ankara-Turkey, 2013.
23. 23. World Health Organization. The Global Burden of Diseases: 2004 Update Geneva:World Health Organization; 2008. Available from: http://www.who.int/healthinfo/global_burden_disease/GBD_report_2004update_full.pdf [cited at 2015 May 21].
24. 24. Mariotti S, D’Errigo P, Mastroeni S, Freeman K. Years of life lost due to premature mortality in Italy. Eur J Epidemiol 2003;18:513-21. [CrossRef]
25. 25. Maniecka-Bryła I, Bryła M, Bryła P, Pikala M. The burden of premature mortality in Poland analysed with the use of standard expected years of life lost. BMC Public Health 2015;15:101. [CrossRef]
26. 26. WHO. Global status report on non-communicable diseases 2010. 2011. Geneva:World Health Organization. Available from: http:// www.who.int/nmh/publications/ncd_report2010/en/ [cited at 2015 May 21].
27. 27. Alves CG, de Morais Neto OL. Trends in premature mortality due to chronic non-communicable diseases in Brazilian federal units. Cien Saude Colet 2015;20:641-54. [CrossRef]
28. 28. WHO. Preventing chronic diseases: a vital investment: WHO global report. Geneva: World Health Organization;2005. Available from: http://www.who.int/chp/chronic_disease_report/en/ [cited at 2015 May 21].
29. 29. Khorasani S, Rezai S, Rashidian H, Daroudi R. Years of potential life lost and productivity costs due to premature cancer-related mortality in Iran. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2015;16:1845-50. [CrossRef]
30. 30. Akadlı Ergöçmen B, Yüksel İ. Problems of the burial registers in Turkey: a qualitative study on maternal mortality. Turkish Journal of Population Studies 2006; 07: 29-46.
31. 31. Bonneux L. How to measure the burden of mortality? J Epidemiol Community Health 2002;56:128-31. [CrossRef