Adipoparacrinology: an Emerging Field in Biomedical Research

Abstract

White adipose tissue (WAT) is a dynamic multicellular assembly composed of adipocytes and stromovascular cells, including fibroblasts, endothelial and immune cells, nerve fibers, and stem cells. In humans, WAT is a responsive and secretory (endocrine and paracrine) tissue partitioned into two large depots (subcutaneous and visceral) and many small depots associated with the heart, blood vessels, major lymph nodes, prostate gland, ovaries and mammary glands. This short review conceptualizes evidence for the paracrine activity of adipose tissue in founding a new research field, designated adipoparacrinology. Here we focus on (i) epicardial and periadventitial adipose tissue in atherogenesis, (ii) mammary gland-associated adipose tissue in breast cancer, and (iii) periprostatic adipose tissue in prostate cancer. Other examples include: (i) mesenteric adipose tissue in Crohn's disease, (ii) lymph node-associated (perinodal) adipose tissue in Crohn's disease and HIV-associated adipose redistribution syndrome, (iii) infrapatellar fat pad (Hoffa's fat pad) in knee osteoarthritis, (iv) orbital adipose tissue in thyroid-associated (Graves') ophthalmopathy, and (v) parasellar region-associated adipose tissue in brain disorders. The therapy aspect of adipoparacrinology is also discussed. Turkish Başlık: Adipoparakrinoloji: Biyomedikal Araştırmalarda Gelişmekte Olan Bir Alan Anahtar Kelimeler: Adipokinler, ateroskleroz, meme kanseri, epikardiyal adipoz doku, NGF, periadventisyal adipoz doku, periprostatik adipoz doku, prostat kanseri Beyaz adipoz doku (BAD) adipositler ve fibroblastlardan, endotelyal ve immün hücreler, sinir lifleri ve kök hücrelerini içeren stromavasküler hücrelerden oluşan dinamik multisellüler bir topluluktur. İnsanlarda BAD, iki büyük depoya (subkutan ve visseral) ve kalp, kan damarları, majör lenf nodları, prostat bezi, overler ve meme bezleri ile ilişkili birçok küçük depoya bölünmüş yanıt veren ve sekretuar (endokrin ve parakrin) bir dokudur. Bu kısa derleme adipoparakrinoloji adında yeni bir araştırma alanı kurmada adipoz dokunun parakrin aktivitesi hakkındaki kanıtları kavramsallaştırmaktadır. Burada şunlara odaklanmaktayız (i) aterogenezde epikardiyal ve periadventisyal adipoz doku, (ii) meme kanserinde meme bezi ile ilişkili adipoz doku ve (iii) prostat kanserinde periprostatik adipoz doku. Diğer örnekler şunları içermektedir: (i) Crohn hastalığında mezenterik adipoz doku, (ii) Crohn hastalığında lenf nodu ile ilişkili (perinodal) adipoz doku ve HIV ile ilişkili adipoz yeniden dağılım sendromu, (iii) diz osteoartritinde infrapatellar yağ yastıkçığı (Hoffa yağ yastıkçığı), (iv) tiroit ile ilişkili (Graves) oftalmopatide orbital adipoz doku ve (v) beyin bozukluklarında parasellar bölge ile ilşikili adipoz doku. Adipoparakrinolojinin tedavi yönü de ayrıca tartışılmaktadır.

Keywords

• Adipokines, atherosclerosis, breast cancer, epicardial adipose tissue, NGF, periadventitial adipose tissue, periprostatic adipose tissue, prostate cancer

Adipoparacrinology: an Emerging Field in Biomedical Research

Öz

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