Quercetin, a Powerful Antioxidant Bioflavonoid, Prevents Oxidative Damage in Different Tissues of Long-Term Diabetic Rats

Year 2012, , 49 - 55, 01.01.2012

Mustafa Edremitlioğlu Mehmet Fatih Andiç Oğuzhan Korkut

https://doi.org/10.5152/balkanmedj.2011.002

Abstract

Objective: The role of oxidant damage on the development of end-organ injuries caused by diabetic rat is well known. The aim of this study is to examine the effect of quercetin, which is a strong antioxidant bioflavonoid, on oxidant damage and antioxidant capacity in various organs in the case of medium-term or long-term diabetic rat. Material and Methods: Forty-eight male Wistar rats were divided into five groups, namely, control group, diabetic group of 8-weeks, diabetic group of 16-weeks, quercetin treated diabetic group of 8-weeks, and quercetin treated diabetic group of 16-weeks. At the end of the experiment, malondialdehyde levels, superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase activities were measured in the lung, aorta, heart, spleen, liver, and kidney tissues. Results: MDA levels were elevated in all tissues except in the lung in non-treated diabetic groups. Quercetin treatment increased the antioxidant enzyme capacities and considerably reduced oxidant damage. Conclusion: We suggest that quercetin has a protective effect on the aorta, heart, brain, liver, and kidneys from oxidant damage in the case of mediumterm or long-term diabetic rat. It can be argued that quercetin is effective by increasing the antioxidant defence capacity in this process. Turkish Başlık: Güçlü Bir Antioksidan Bioflavonoid Olan Quercetin Uzun Süreli Diabetik Sıçanların Çeşitli Dokularındaki Oksidan Hasarı Önler Anahtar Kelimeler: Quercetin, diabetes mellitus, oksidan hasar, antioksidan enzimler Amaç: Diabetes mellitusun (DM) neden olduğu son organ hasarlarının gelişiminde oksidan hasarın oynadığı rol iyi bilinmektedir. Bu çalışmanın amacı orta ve uzun süreli DM ta çeşitli dokulardaki oksidan hasara ve antioksidan kapasiteye güçlü bir antioksidan bioflavonoid olan quercetinin etkisini araştırmaktır. Hastalar ve Yöntemler: Kırksekiz erkek Wistar sıçan kontrol grubu, diabetik 8 haftalık grup, diabetik 16 haftalık grup, quercetin verilen diabetik 8 haftalık grup ve quercetin verilen diabetik 8 haftalık grup olarak beş gruba ayrıldı.Çalışma sonunda akciğer, aort, kalp, dalak, karaciğer ve böbrekteki malondialdehit (MDA)düzeyleri, süperoksit dismutaz, katalaz ve glutatyon peroksidaz aktiviteleri saptandı. Bulgular: Quercetin verilmeyen diabetik sıçanlardaki MDA düzeyleri akciğer dışındaki tüm dokularda yükseldi. Quercetin antioksidan enzim kapasitelerini artırdı ve oksidan hasar oluşumunu önemli miktarda önledi. Sonuç: Çalışmamızın sonuçlarına göre, quercetinin orta ve uzun süreli DM ta aorta, kalp, beyin, karaciğer ve böbrekleri oksidan hasardan koruyucu etkisi vardır. Quercetinin bu süreçte antioksidan savunma kapasitesini artırarak etkili olduğu söylenebilir. "

Keywords

Quercetin, diabetic rat, oxidative damage, antioxidant enzymes

Quercetin, a Powerful Antioxidant Bioflavonoid, Prevents Oxidative Damage in Different Tissues of Long-Term Diabetic Rats

Abstract

References

• Valko M, Leibfritz D, Moncol J, Cronin MT, Mazur M, Telser J. Free radicals and antioxidants in normal physiological functions and hu- man disease. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2007;39:44-84. [CrossRef]
• Altan N, Dinçel AS, Koca C. Diabetes mellitus ve oksidatif stres. Turk J Biochem 2006;31:51-6.
• Forbes JM, Coughlan MT, Cooper ME. Oxidative stress as a major culprit in kidney disease in diabetes. Diabetes 2008;57: 1446-54. [CrossRef]
• Derubertis FR, Craven PA. Activation of protein kinase C in glomeru- lar cells in diabetes. Mechanisms and potential links to the pathogen- esis of diabetic glomerulopathy. Diabetes 1994;43:1-8. [CrossRef]
• Asaba K, Tojo A, Onozato ML, Goto A, Quinn MT, Fujita T, et al. Effects of NADPH oxidase inhibitor in diabetic nephropathy. Kidney Int 2005;67:1890-8. [CrossRef]
• Yi X, Nickeleit V, James LR, Maeda N. Alpha-Lipoic acid protects diabetic apolipoprotein E-deficient mice from nephropathy. J Diabetes Complications 2011;25:193-201. [CrossRef]
• Manfredini V, Biancini GB, Vanzin CS, Dal Vesco AM, Cipriani F, Biasi L, et al. Simvastatin treatment prevents oxidative damage to DNA in whole blood leukocytes of dyslipidemic type 2 dia- betic patients. Cell Biochem Funct 2010;28:360-6. [CrossRef]
• Hamilton SJ, Chew GT, Watts GF. Coenzyme Q10 improves en- dothelial dysfunction in statin-treated type 2 diabetic patients. Diabetes Care 2009;32:810-2. [CrossRef]
• Chang KC, Tseng CD, Lu SC, Liang JT, Wu MS, Tsai MS, et al. Effects of acetyl-L-carnitine and oxfenicine on aorta stiffness in diabetic rats. Eur J Clin Invest 2010;40:1002-10. [CrossRef]
• Bischoff SC. Quercetin: potentials in the prevention and therapy of disease. Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care 2008;11:733-40. [CrossRef]
• Hanasaki Y, Ogawa S, Fukui S. The correlation between active oxygen scavenging and antioxidative effects of flavonoids. Free Radic Biol Med 1994;16:845-50. [CrossRef]
• Plumb W, Price KR, Wiiliamson G. Antioxidant properties of fla- vonol glycosides from green beans. Redox Rep 1999;4:123-7. [CrossRef]
• Fiorani M, De Sanctis R, Menghinello P, Cucchiarini L, Cellini B, Dachà M. Quercetin prevents glutathione depletion induced by dehydroascorbic acid in rabbit red blood cells. Free Radic Res 2001;34:639-48. [CrossRef]
• Morand C, Crespy V, Manach C, Besson C, Demigné C, Rémésy C. Plasma metabolites of quercetin and their antioxidant proper- ties. Am J Physiol 1998;75:R212-9.
• Coskun O, Kanter M, Korkmaz A, Oter S. Quercetin, a flavonoid antioxidant, prevents and protects streptozotocin-induced oxi- dative stress and beta-cell damage in rat pancreas. Pharmacol Res 2005;51:117-23. [CrossRef]
• Ohkawa H, Ohishi N, Yagi K. Assay for lipid peroxides in ani- mal tissues by thiobarbituric acid reaction. Anal Biochem 1979;95:351-8. [CrossRef]
• Sun Y, Oberley LW, Li Y. A simple method for clinical assay of superoxide dismutase. Clin Chem 1988;34:497-500.
• Aebi H. Catalase. In: Bergmeyer HU, editor. Methods of enzy- matic analysis, vol II. New York, Academic, 1974. p. 673-84.
• Paglia DE, Valentine WN. Studies on the quantitative and qualita- tive characterization of erythrocyte glutathione peroxidase. J Lab Clin Med 1967;70:158-69.
• Di Naso FC, Forgiarini Junior LA, Forgiarini LF, Porawski M, Dias AS, Marroni NA. Aminoguanidine reduces oxidative stress and structural lung changes in experimental diabetes mellitus. J Bras Pneumol 2010;36:485-9.
• Ozansoy G, Güven C, Ceylan A, Can B, Aktan F, Oz E, et al. Ef- fects of simvastatin treatment on oxidant/antioxidant state and ultrastructure of streptozotocin-diabetic rat lung. Cell Biochem Funct 2005;23:421-6. [CrossRef]
• Shull S, Heintz NH, Periasamy M, Manohar M, Janssen YM, Marsh JP, et al. Differential regulation of antioxidant enzymes in response to oxidants. J Biol Chem 1991;266:24398-403.
• Baud O, Greene AE, Li J, Wang H, Volpe JJ, Rosenberg PA. Glu- tathione peroxidase-catalase cooperativity is required for resis- tance to hydrogen peroxide by mature rat oligodendrocytes. J Neurosci 2004;24:1531-40. [CrossRef]
• Noyan T, Balaharoğlu R, Kömüroğlu U. The oxidant and antioxi- dant effects of 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 in liver, kidney and heart tissues of diabetic rats. Clin Exp Med 2005;5:31-6. [CrossRef]
• Aliciguzel Y, Ozen I, Aslan M, Karayalcin U. Activities of xanthine oxidoreductase and antioxidant enzymes in different tissues of diabetic rats. J Lab Clin Med 2003;142:172-7. [CrossRef]
• Hünkar T, Aktan F, Ceylan A, Karasu C; Antioxidants in Diabetes- Induced Complications (ADIC) Study Group. Effects of cod liver oil on tissue antioxidant pathways in normal and streptozotocin- diabetic rats. Cell Biochem Funct 2002;20:297-302. [CrossRef]
• Boots AW, Haenen GR, Bast A. Health effects of quercetin: from anti- oxidant to nutraceutical. Eur J Pharmacol 2008;585:325-37. [CrossRef]
• Sanders RA, Rauscher FM, Watkins JB 3rd.Effects of quercetin on antioxidant defense in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2001;15:143-9. [CrossRef]
• Anjaneyulu M, Chopra K. Quercetin, an anti-oxidant bioflavo- noid, attenuates diabetic nephropathy in rats. Clin Exp Pharma- col Physiol 2004;31:244-8. [CrossRef]
• Coldiron AD Jr, Sanders RA, Watkins JB 3rd. Effects of combined quercetin and coenzyme Q(10) treatment on oxidative stress in normal and diabetic rats. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2002;16: 197-202. [CrossRef]
• Harwood M, Danielewska-Nikiel B, Borzelleca JF, Flamm GW, Williams GM, Lines TC. A critical review of the data related to the safety of quercetin and lack of evidence of in vivo toxicity, including lack of genotoxic/carcinogenic properties. Food Chem Toxicol 2007;45:2179-205. [CrossRef]
• Crespo I, García-Mediavilla MV, Almar M, González P, Tuñón MJ, Sánchez-Campos S, et al. Differential effects of dietary flavonoids on reactive oxygen and nitrogen species generation and chang- es in antioxidant enzyme expression induced by proinflamma- tory cytokines in Chang Liver cells. Food Chem Toxicol 2008;46: 1555-69. [CrossRef]
• Martínez-Flórez S, Gutiérrez-Fernández B, Sánchez-Campos S, González-Gallego J, Tuñón MJ. Quercetin attenuates nuclear factor-kappaB activation and nitric oxide production in interleu- kin-1beta-activated rat hepatocytes. J Nutr 2005;135:1359-65.