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The Effect of ZAP-70 Expression on Disease Progression in Early-Stage (Binet A) B-CLL Patients

Year 2009, Volume: 2009 Issue: 4, 317 - 321, 01.04.2009

Abstract

Objectives: Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is a heterogeneous disease with various clinical findings. Prognostic markers predicting the clinical outcome in early-stage CLL would play a major role in disease management. Various studies have shown that zetaassociated protein 70 (ZAP-70) provides significant prognostic information. This retrospective, single-centre study evaluates the effect of ZAP-70 on disease progression in early-stage B-CLL. Patients and Methods: Fifty early-stage patients with a median age of 66 years (range 47-86 years) were enrolled in this study. ZAP-70 expression was measured in peripheral blood samples using flow cytometry. Cut-off value for ZAP-70 positivity was set at 20%. Results: Treatment had to be initiated in 21 of the 50 patients within a median of 42 months. The median time to initial treatment was 24 months. Twelve of the 50 patients (24%) were ZAP-70 positive. Ten of the 12 patients (83%) in the ZAP(+) group and 11 of the 38 patients (29%) in the ZAP(-) group required treatment on follow-up. The median treatment-free interval in ZAP(+) and ZAP(-) groups were 25 and 72 months, respectively (p=0.0001). Conclusion: ZAP-70 provides significant prognostic information and predicts treatment requirement in earlystage B-CLL patients. Ongoing studies will highlight the need for a different management policy of ZAP-70(+) early-stage CLL. Turkish Başlık: Erken Evre (Binet A) B-KLL Hastalarında ZAP-70 Ekspresyonunun Hastalık Progresyonuna Etkisi Anahtar Kelimeler: Kronik lenfositik lösemi; ZAP-70; prognoz Amaç: Kronik lenfositik lösemi (KLL) değişken klinik bulgular gösterebilen heterojen bir hastalıktır. Erken evre KLL'de klinik seyri önceden gösterebilecek prognostik belirteçler tedavi planlanmasında belirleyici rol oynayabilir. Çeşitli çalışmalarda zeta ilişkili protein 70'in (ZAP-70) önemli bir prognostik gösterge olabileceğine dair veriler elde edilmiştir. Tek merkezli ve retrospektif olarak planlanmış bu çalışmada erken evre B-KLL hastalarında ZAP- 70'in hastalık progresyonu üzerine etkisi araştırılmıştır. Hastalar ve Yöntemler: Ortanca yaşı 66 (dağılım 47-86) olan 50 erken evre B-KLL hastası çalışmaya dahil edildi. ZAP-70 ekspresyon düzeyleri çevresel kanda akım sitometri yöntemi ile çalışıldı. ZAP-70 pozitifliği için eşik değer %20 olarak belirlendi. Bulgular: Ortanca 42 aylık izlemde çalışmaya alınan 50 hastadan 21'inde tedavi gerekliliği ortaya çıktı. Tanıdan tedaviye kadar geçen ortanca süre 24 aydı. Elli hastanın 12'sinde (%24) ZAP-70 pozitif bulundu. ZAP-pozitif gruptaki 12 hastanın 10'unda (%83) ve ZAP-negatif gruptaki 38 hastanın 11'inde (%29) izlem sırasında tedavi başlanması gerekti. ZAP pozitif ve negatif gruplarda tedaviye kadar geçen ortanca süre sırasıyla 25 ve 72 aydı (p=0.0001). Sonuç: Erken evre B-KLL hastalarında tedavi gerekliliğini belirlemede ZAP-70 düzeylerinin önemli prognostik değeri olduğu görülmektedir. Tamamlayıcı çalışmalar ZAP-70 pozitif erken evre hastalarda farklı bir tedavi politikasının gerekli olup olmadığını ortaya koyacaktır.

References

  • Keating MJ, Chiorazzi N, Messmer B, Damle RN, Allen SL, Rai KR, et al. Biology and treatment of chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Hematology Am Soc Hematol Educ Program 2003:153-75.
  • Dighiero G. CLL biology and prognosis. Hematology Am Soc Hematol Educ Program 2005:278-84.
  • Rai KR, Sawitsky A, Cronkite EP, Chanana AD, Levy RN, Pasternack BS. Clinical staging of chronic lym- phocytic leukemia. Blood 1975;46:219-34.
  • Binet JL, Auquier A, Dighiero G, Chastang C, Piguet H, Goasguen J, et al. A new prognostic classification of chronic lymphocytic leukemia derived from a mul- tivariate survival analysis. Cancer 1981;48:198-206.
  • Zwiebel JA, Cheson BD. Chronic lymphocytic leu- kemia: staging and prognostic factors. Semin Oncol 1998;25:42-59.
  • Dürig J, Naschar M, Schmücker U, Renzing-Köhler K, Hölter T, Hüttmann A, et al. CD38 expression is an important prognostic marker in chronic lymphocytic leukaemia. Leukemia 2002;16:30-5.
  • Ibrahim S, Keating M, Do KA, O'Brien S, Huh YO, Jilani I, et al. CD38 expression as an important prog- nostic factor in B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Blood 2001;98:181-6.
  • Dürig J, Nückel H, Cremer M, Führer A, Halfmeyer K, Fandrey J, et al. ZAP-70 expression is a prognostic factor in chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Leukemia 2003;17:2426-34.
  • Thunberg U, Johnson A, Roos G, Thörn I, Tobin G, Sällström J, et al. CD38 expression is a poor predictor for VH gene mutational status and prognosis in chron- ic lymphocytic leukemia. Blood 2001;97:1892-4.
  • Hamblin TJ, Orchard JA, Ibbotson RE, Davis Z, Thomas PW, Stevenson FK, et al. CD38 expression and immunoglobulin variable region mutations are independent prognostic variables in chronic lympho- cytic leukemia, but CD38 expression may vary dur- ing the course of the disease. Blood 2002;99:1023-9.
  • Wiestner A, Rosenwald A, Barry TS, Wright G, Davis RE, Henrickson SE, et al. ZAP-70 expression identi- fies a chronic lymphocytic leukemia subtype with unmutated immunoglobulin genes, inferior clinical outcome, and distinct gene expression profile. Blood 2003;101:4944-51.
  • Damle RN, Wasil T, Fais F, Ghiotto F, Valetto A, Allen SL, et al. Ig V gene mutation status and CD38 expression as novel prognostic indicators in chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Blood 1999;94:1840-7.
  • Hamblin TJ, Davis Z, Gardiner A, Oscier DG, Stevenson FK. Unmutated Ig V(H) genes are associ- ated with a more aggressive form of chronic lympho- cytic leukemia. Blood 1999;94:1848-54.
  • Maloum K, Davi F, Merle-Béral H, Pritsch O, Magnac C, Vuillier F, et al. Expression of unmutated VH genes is a detrimental prognostic factor in chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Blood 2000;96:377-9.
  • Kröber A, Seiler T, Benner A, Bullinger L, Brückle E, Lichter P, et al. V(H) mutation status, CD38 expression level, genomic aberrations, and survival in chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Blood 2002;100:1410-6.
  • Oscier DG, Gardiner AC, Mould SJ, Glide S, Davis ZA, Ibbotson RE, et al. Multivariate analysis of prognostic factors in CLL: clinical stage, IGVH gene mutational status, and loss or mutation of the p53 gene are independent prognostic factors. Blood 2002;100:1177-84.
  • Rassenti LZ, Huynh L, Toy TL, Chen L, Keating MJ, Gribben JG, et al. ZAP-70 compared with immuno- globulin heavy-chain gene mutation status as a pre- dictor of disease progression in chronic lymphocytic leukemia. N Engl J Med 2004;351:893-901.
  • Hamblin T. Chronic lymphocytic leukaemia: one disease or two? Ann Hematol 2002;81:299-303.
  • Orchard J, Ibbotson R, Best G, Parker A, Oscier D. ZAP-70 in B cell malignancies. Leuk Lymphoma 2005;46:1689-98.
  • Orchard JA, Ibbotson RE, Davis Z, Wiestner A, Rosenwald A, Thomas PW, et al. ZAP-70 expression and prognosis in chronic lymphocytic leukaemia. Lancet 2004;363:105-11.
  • Crespo M, Bosch F, Villamor N, Bellosillo B, Colomer D, Rozman M, et al. ZAP-70 expression as a surro- gate for immunoglobulin-variable-region mutations in chronic lymphocytic leukemia. N Engl J Med 2003;348:1764-75.
  • Schroers R, Griesinger F, Trümper L, Haase D, Kulle B, Klein-Hitpass L, et al. Combined analysis of ZAP- 70 and CD38 expression as a predictor of disease progression in B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Leukemia 2005;19:750-8.
  • Cheson BD, Bennett JM, Grever M, Kay N, Keating MJ, O'Brien S, et al. National Cancer Institute- sponsored Working Group guidelines for chronic lymphocytic leukemia: revised guidelines for diag- nosis and treatment. Blood 1996;87:4990-7.
  • Montserrat E. Classical and new prognostic factors in chronic lymphocytic leukemia: where to now? Hematol J 2002;3:7-9.
  • Del Principe MI, Del Poeta G, Buccisano F, Maurillo L, Venditti A, Zucchetto A, et al. Clinical significance of ZAP-70 protein expression in B-cell chronic lym- phocytic leukemia. Blood 2006;108:853-61.
  • Del Giudice I, Morilla A, Osuji N, Matutes E, Morilla R, Burford A, et al. Zeta-chain associated protein 70 and CD38 combined predict the time to first treat- ment in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Cancer 2005;104:2124-32.

Erken Evre (Binet A) B-KLL Hastalarında ZAP-70 Ekspresyonunun Hastalık Progresyonuna Etkisi

Year 2009, Volume: 2009 Issue: 4, 317 - 321, 01.04.2009

Abstract

Amaç: Kronik lenfositik lösemi (KLL) değişken klinik
bulgular gösterebilen heterojen bir hastalıktır. Erken evre
KLL’de klinik seyri önceden gösterebilecek prognostik
belirteçler tedavi planlanmasında belirleyici rol oynayabilir.
Çeşitli çalışmalarda zeta ilişkili protein 70’in (ZAP-70)
önemli bir prognostik gösterge olabileceğine dair veriler
elde edilmiştir. Tek merkezli ve retrospektif olarak planlanmış
bu çalışmada erken evre B-KLL hastalarında ZAP-
70’in hastalık progresyonu üzerine etkisi araştırılmıştır.
Hastalar ve Yöntemler: Ortanca yaşı 66 (dağılım
47-86) olan 50 erken evre B-KLL hastası çalışmaya dahil
edildi. ZAP-70 ekspresyon düzeyleri çevresel kanda
akım sitometri yöntemi ile çalışıldı. ZAP-70 pozitifliği için
eşik değer %20 olarak belirlendi.
Bulgular: Ortanca 42 aylık izlemde çalışmaya alınan 50
hastadan 21’inde tedavi gerekliliği ortaya çıktı. Tanıdan
tedaviye kadar geçen ortanca süre 24 aydı. Elli hastanın
12’sinde (%24) ZAP-70 pozitif bulundu. ZAP-pozitif
gruptaki 12 hastanın 10'unda (%83) ve ZAP-negatif
gruptaki 38 hastanın 11’inde (%29) izlem sırasında tedavi
başlanması gerekti. ZAP pozitif ve negatif gruplarda
tedaviye kadar geçen ortanca süre sırasıyla 25 ve 72
aydı (p=0.0001).
Sonuç: Erken evre B-KLL hastalarında tedavi gereklili-
ğini belirlemede ZAP-70 düzeylerinin önemli prognostik
değeri olduğu görülmektedir. Tamamlayıcı çalışmalar
ZAP-70 pozitif erken evre hastalarda farklı bir tedavi politikasının
gerekli olup olmadığını ortaya koyacaktır

References

  • Keating MJ, Chiorazzi N, Messmer B, Damle RN, Allen SL, Rai KR, et al. Biology and treatment of chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Hematology Am Soc Hematol Educ Program 2003:153-75.
  • Dighiero G. CLL biology and prognosis. Hematology Am Soc Hematol Educ Program 2005:278-84.
  • Rai KR, Sawitsky A, Cronkite EP, Chanana AD, Levy RN, Pasternack BS. Clinical staging of chronic lym- phocytic leukemia. Blood 1975;46:219-34.
  • Binet JL, Auquier A, Dighiero G, Chastang C, Piguet H, Goasguen J, et al. A new prognostic classification of chronic lymphocytic leukemia derived from a mul- tivariate survival analysis. Cancer 1981;48:198-206.
  • Zwiebel JA, Cheson BD. Chronic lymphocytic leu- kemia: staging and prognostic factors. Semin Oncol 1998;25:42-59.
  • Dürig J, Naschar M, Schmücker U, Renzing-Köhler K, Hölter T, Hüttmann A, et al. CD38 expression is an important prognostic marker in chronic lymphocytic leukaemia. Leukemia 2002;16:30-5.
  • Ibrahim S, Keating M, Do KA, O'Brien S, Huh YO, Jilani I, et al. CD38 expression as an important prog- nostic factor in B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Blood 2001;98:181-6.
  • Dürig J, Nückel H, Cremer M, Führer A, Halfmeyer K, Fandrey J, et al. ZAP-70 expression is a prognostic factor in chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Leukemia 2003;17:2426-34.
  • Thunberg U, Johnson A, Roos G, Thörn I, Tobin G, Sällström J, et al. CD38 expression is a poor predictor for VH gene mutational status and prognosis in chron- ic lymphocytic leukemia. Blood 2001;97:1892-4.
  • Hamblin TJ, Orchard JA, Ibbotson RE, Davis Z, Thomas PW, Stevenson FK, et al. CD38 expression and immunoglobulin variable region mutations are independent prognostic variables in chronic lympho- cytic leukemia, but CD38 expression may vary dur- ing the course of the disease. Blood 2002;99:1023-9.
  • Wiestner A, Rosenwald A, Barry TS, Wright G, Davis RE, Henrickson SE, et al. ZAP-70 expression identi- fies a chronic lymphocytic leukemia subtype with unmutated immunoglobulin genes, inferior clinical outcome, and distinct gene expression profile. Blood 2003;101:4944-51.
  • Damle RN, Wasil T, Fais F, Ghiotto F, Valetto A, Allen SL, et al. Ig V gene mutation status and CD38 expression as novel prognostic indicators in chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Blood 1999;94:1840-7.
  • Hamblin TJ, Davis Z, Gardiner A, Oscier DG, Stevenson FK. Unmutated Ig V(H) genes are associ- ated with a more aggressive form of chronic lympho- cytic leukemia. Blood 1999;94:1848-54.
  • Maloum K, Davi F, Merle-Béral H, Pritsch O, Magnac C, Vuillier F, et al. Expression of unmutated VH genes is a detrimental prognostic factor in chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Blood 2000;96:377-9.
  • Kröber A, Seiler T, Benner A, Bullinger L, Brückle E, Lichter P, et al. V(H) mutation status, CD38 expression level, genomic aberrations, and survival in chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Blood 2002;100:1410-6.
  • Oscier DG, Gardiner AC, Mould SJ, Glide S, Davis ZA, Ibbotson RE, et al. Multivariate analysis of prognostic factors in CLL: clinical stage, IGVH gene mutational status, and loss or mutation of the p53 gene are independent prognostic factors. Blood 2002;100:1177-84.
  • Rassenti LZ, Huynh L, Toy TL, Chen L, Keating MJ, Gribben JG, et al. ZAP-70 compared with immuno- globulin heavy-chain gene mutation status as a pre- dictor of disease progression in chronic lymphocytic leukemia. N Engl J Med 2004;351:893-901.
  • Hamblin T. Chronic lymphocytic leukaemia: one disease or two? Ann Hematol 2002;81:299-303.
  • Orchard J, Ibbotson R, Best G, Parker A, Oscier D. ZAP-70 in B cell malignancies. Leuk Lymphoma 2005;46:1689-98.
  • Orchard JA, Ibbotson RE, Davis Z, Wiestner A, Rosenwald A, Thomas PW, et al. ZAP-70 expression and prognosis in chronic lymphocytic leukaemia. Lancet 2004;363:105-11.
  • Crespo M, Bosch F, Villamor N, Bellosillo B, Colomer D, Rozman M, et al. ZAP-70 expression as a surro- gate for immunoglobulin-variable-region mutations in chronic lymphocytic leukemia. N Engl J Med 2003;348:1764-75.
  • Schroers R, Griesinger F, Trümper L, Haase D, Kulle B, Klein-Hitpass L, et al. Combined analysis of ZAP- 70 and CD38 expression as a predictor of disease progression in B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Leukemia 2005;19:750-8.
  • Cheson BD, Bennett JM, Grever M, Kay N, Keating MJ, O'Brien S, et al. National Cancer Institute- sponsored Working Group guidelines for chronic lymphocytic leukemia: revised guidelines for diag- nosis and treatment. Blood 1996;87:4990-7.
  • Montserrat E. Classical and new prognostic factors in chronic lymphocytic leukemia: where to now? Hematol J 2002;3:7-9.
  • Del Principe MI, Del Poeta G, Buccisano F, Maurillo L, Venditti A, Zucchetto A, et al. Clinical significance of ZAP-70 protein expression in B-cell chronic lym- phocytic leukemia. Blood 2006;108:853-61.
  • Del Giudice I, Morilla A, Osuji N, Matutes E, Morilla R, Burford A, et al. Zeta-chain associated protein 70 and CD38 combined predict the time to first treat- ment in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Cancer 2005;104:2124-32.
There are 26 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Ümit Üre This is me

M. Cem Ar This is me

Zafer Başlar This is me

Teoman Soysal This is me

Şeniz Öngören This is me

Muhterem Gülseven This is me

Yıldız Aydın This is me

Birsen Ülkü This is me

Nükhet Tüzüner This is me

Burhan Ferhanoğlu This is me

Burhan Ferhanoğlu This is me

Publication Date April 1, 2009
Published in Issue Year 2009 Volume: 2009 Issue: 4

Cite

APA Üre, Ü., Ar, M. C., Başlar, Z., Soysal, T., et al. (2009). Erken Evre (Binet A) B-KLL Hastalarında ZAP-70 Ekspresyonunun Hastalık Progresyonuna Etkisi. Balkan Medical Journal, 2009(4), 317-321.
AMA Üre Ü, Ar MC, Başlar Z, Soysal T, Öngören Ş, Gülseven M, Aydın Y, Ülkü B, Tüzüner N, Ferhanoğlu B, Ferhanoğlu B. Erken Evre (Binet A) B-KLL Hastalarında ZAP-70 Ekspresyonunun Hastalık Progresyonuna Etkisi. Balkan Medical Journal. April 2009;2009(4):317-321.
Chicago Üre, Ümit, M. Cem Ar, Zafer Başlar, Teoman Soysal, Şeniz Öngören, Muhterem Gülseven, Yıldız Aydın, Birsen Ülkü, Nükhet Tüzüner, Burhan Ferhanoğlu, and Burhan Ferhanoğlu. “Erken Evre (Binet A) B-KLL Hastalarında ZAP-70 Ekspresyonunun Hastalık Progresyonuna Etkisi”. Balkan Medical Journal 2009, no. 4 (April 2009): 317-21.
EndNote Üre Ü, Ar MC, Başlar Z, Soysal T, Öngören Ş, Gülseven M, Aydın Y, Ülkü B, Tüzüner N, Ferhanoğlu B, Ferhanoğlu B (April 1, 2009) Erken Evre (Binet A) B-KLL Hastalarında ZAP-70 Ekspresyonunun Hastalık Progresyonuna Etkisi. Balkan Medical Journal 2009 4 317–321.
IEEE Ü. Üre, “Erken Evre (Binet A) B-KLL Hastalarında ZAP-70 Ekspresyonunun Hastalık Progresyonuna Etkisi”, Balkan Medical Journal, vol. 2009, no. 4, pp. 317–321, 2009.
ISNAD Üre, Ümit et al. “Erken Evre (Binet A) B-KLL Hastalarında ZAP-70 Ekspresyonunun Hastalık Progresyonuna Etkisi”. Balkan Medical Journal 2009/4 (April 2009), 317-321.
JAMA Üre Ü, Ar MC, Başlar Z, Soysal T, Öngören Ş, Gülseven M, Aydın Y, Ülkü B, Tüzüner N, Ferhanoğlu B, Ferhanoğlu B. Erken Evre (Binet A) B-KLL Hastalarında ZAP-70 Ekspresyonunun Hastalık Progresyonuna Etkisi. Balkan Medical Journal. 2009;2009:317–321.
MLA Üre, Ümit et al. “Erken Evre (Binet A) B-KLL Hastalarında ZAP-70 Ekspresyonunun Hastalık Progresyonuna Etkisi”. Balkan Medical Journal, vol. 2009, no. 4, 2009, pp. 317-21.
Vancouver Üre Ü, Ar MC, Başlar Z, Soysal T, Öngören Ş, Gülseven M, Aydın Y, Ülkü B, Tüzüner N, Ferhanoğlu B, Ferhanoğlu B. Erken Evre (Binet A) B-KLL Hastalarında ZAP-70 Ekspresyonunun Hastalık Progresyonuna Etkisi. Balkan Medical Journal. 2009;2009(4):317-21.