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Surgical Management of Secondary Hyperparathyroidism in Patients with End-Stage Renal Disease: Surgical Approaches and Report of Cases

Year 2009, Volume: 2009 Issue: 4, 331 - 337, 01.04.2009

Abstract

Objectives: End-stage renal disease is a worldwide public health problem. While the survival time of the patients extends, additional pathologies such as secondary hyperparathyroidism occurs. The aim of the study is to review the surgical approaches to secondary hyperparathyroidism and present our experiences. Patients and Methods: This retrospective study included five male patients (mean age 38.6 years) who were operated on for chronic renal failure between 2004 and 2008. The data of patients were collected from hospital records. Results: The mean duration of hemodialysis was 106.8 months. All patients had ultrasonography and scintigraphy preoperatively. The mean value of preoperative and postoperative serum PTH was 2097 ng/ml and 36.5 ng/dl, Ca 11.48 mg/dl and 6.2 mg/dl, P 7.5 mg/dl and 4.4 mg/dl, ALP 527 IU/L and 89 IU/L. Total parathyroidectomy and sternocleidomastoid muscle autotransplantation was performed in all patients and one patient had right thyroidectomy in addition. Postoperatively, all patients received oral calcium carbonate and calcitriol. No serious postoperative complications occurred in any of these cases. The duration of hospitalization was 4.6 days on the average. Serum PTH was kept constantly below 300 ng/L in all cases in follow-up and no recurrent hyperparathyroidism was detected. Conclusion: Although there are many types of surgery techniques in treatment of secondary hyperparathyroidism, total parathyroidectomy with autografting is the most accepted procedure with low recurrent and complication rate in end-stage renal disease patients. Turkish Başlık: Son Dönem Böbrek Hastalarında Gelişen Sekonder Hiperparatiroidizmin Cerrahi Tedavisi: Cerrahi Yaklaşımlar ve Olgu Sunumları Anahtar Kelimeler: Sekonder hiperparatiroidizm; son dönem böbrek hastalığı; paratiroidektomi Amaç: Son dönem böbrek hastalığı dünya çapında bir sağlık problemidir. Bu hastaların yaşam süreleri uzadıkça sekonder hiperparatiroidizm gibi ek patolojiler de gelişmektedir. Bu çalışmanın amacı sekonder hiperparatiroidizme cerrahi yaklaşımları gözden geçirmek ve kendi tecrübelerimizi sunmaktır. Hastalar ve Yöntemler: Bu retrospektif çalışmaya 2004 ve 2008 yılları arasında kronik böbrek hastalığı tanısıyla ameliyat edilen beş erkek hasta (ort. yaş 38.6) dahil edildi. Hasta bilgileri hastane kayıtlarından toplandı. Bulgular: Hastaların ortalama hemodiyaliz süresi 106.8 aydı. Bütün hastalar ameliyat öncesi dönemde ultrasonografi ve sintigrafi ile incelendi. Hastaların ameliyat öncesi ve sonrası dönemde ortalama serum PTH değeri 2097 ng/ ml ve 36.5 ng/dl, Ca 11.48 mg/dl ve 6.2 mg/dl, P 7.5 mg/dl ve 4.4 mg/dl, ALP 527 IU/L ve 89 IU/L idi. Bütün hastalara total paratiroidektomi ve sternokleidomastoid kasa ototransplantasyon yapılırken bir hastaya ek olarak sağ tiroidektomi yapıldı. Ameliyat sonrası dönemde tüm hastalar oral kalsiyum karbonat ve kalsitriol kullandılar. Hiçbir hastada ciddi komplikasyon görülmedi. Ortalama hastanede kalış süresi 4.6 gündü. Hastaların hepsinde serum PTH düzeyleri 300 ng/dl altında seyretti ve hiçbir hastada takipler esnasında nüks hiperparatiroidizm görülmedi. Sonuç: Sekonder hiperparatiroidizmin cerrahi tedavisi için birçok yöntem olsa da total paratiroidektomi ve ototransplantasyon düşük nüks ve komplikasyon oranları ile son dönem böbrek hastalarında gelişen sekonder hiperparatiroidizmin için en kabul edilen tedavi metotlarındandır.

References

  • Erbay B. Comparative evaluation of dialysis and transplantation in the treatment of end stage renal disease. Turkiye Klinikleri J Nephrol-Special Topics 2008;1:1-5.
  • Tominaga Y. Surgical treatment of secondary hyper- parathyroidism due to chronic kidney disease. Ups J Med Sci 2006;111:277-92.
  • Ockert S, Willeke F, Richter A, Jonescheit J, Schnuelle P, Van Der Woude F, et al. Total parathyroidectomy without autotransplantation as a standard procedure in the treatment of secondary hyperparathyroidism. Langenbecks Arch Surg 2002;387:204-9.
  • Tominaga Y, Johansson H, Johansson H, Takagi H. Secondary hyperparathyroidism: pathophysiology, histopathology, and medical and surgical manage- ment. Surg Today 1997;27:787-92.
  • Wells SA Jr, Gunnells JC, Shelburne JD, Schneider AB, Sherwood LM. Transplantation of the parathy- roid glands in man: clinical indications and results. Surgery 1975;78:34-44.
  • Richards ML, Wormuth J, Bingener J, Sirinek K. Parathyroidectomy in secondary hyperparathyroid- ism: Is there an optimal operative management? Surgery 2006;139:174-80.
  • Owda A, Elhwairis H, Narra S, Towery H, Osama S. Secondary hyperparathyroidism in chronic hemo- dialysis patients: prevalence and race. Ren Fail 2003;25:595-602.
  • Schlosser K, Veit JA, Witte S, Fernández ED, Victor N, Knaebel HP, et al. Comparison of total parathyroi- dectomy without autotransplantation and without thymectomy versus total parathyroidectomy with autotransplantation and with thymectomy for sec- ondary hyperparathyroidism: TOPAR PILOT-Trial. Trials 2007;8:22.
  • Nakai S, Masakane I, Akiba T, Iseki K, Watanabe Y, Itami N, et al. Overview of regular dialysis treatment in Japan (as of 31 December 2005). Ther Apher Dial 2007;11:411-41.
  • Slatopolsky E, Brown A, Dusso A. Pathogenesis of secondary hyperparathyroidism. Kidney Int Suppl 1999;73:S14-9.
  • Slatopolsky E, Finch J, Denda M, Ritter C, Zhong M, Dusso A, et al. Phosphorus restriction prevents parathyroid gland growth. High phosphorus directly stimulates PTH secretion in vitro. J Clin Invest 1996;97:2534-40.
  • Fukuda N, Tanaka H, Tominaga Y, Fukagawa M, Kurokawa K, Seino Y. Decreased 1,25-dihydroxyvi- tamin D3 receptor density is associated with a more severe form of parathyroid hyperplasia in chronic uremic patients. J Clin Invest 1993;92:1436-43.
  • Gogusev J, Duchambon P, Hory B, Giovannini M, Goureau Y, Sarfati E, et al. Depressed expression of calcium receptor in parathyroid gland tissue of patients with hyperparathyroidism. Kidney Int 1997;51:328-36.
  • Slatopolsky E, Finch J, Clay P, Martin D, Sicard G, Singer G, et al. A novel mechanism for skeletal resis- tance in uremia. Kidney Int 2000;58:753-61.
  • Giangrande A, Castiglioni A, Solbiati L, Allaria P. Ultrasound-guided percutaneous fine-needle etha- nol injection into parathyroid glands in second- ary hyperparathyroidism. Nephrol Dial Transplant 1992;7:412-21.
  • de Francisco AL, Fresnedo GF, Rodrigo E, Piñera C, Amado JA, Arias M. Parathyroidectomy in dialysis patients. Kidney Int Suppl 2002;:161-6.
  • National Kidney Foundation. K/DOQI clinical prac- tice guidelines for bone metabolism and disease in chronic kidney disease. Am J Kidney Dis 2003;42(4 Suppl 3):S1-201.
  • Stanbury SW, Lumb GA, Nicholson WF. Elective subtotal parathyroidectomy for renal hyperparathy- roidism. Lancet 1960;1:793-9.
  • Ogg CS. Total parathyroidectomy in treatment of secondary (renal) hyperparathyroidism. Br Med J 1967;4:331-4.
  • Herrera M, Grant C, van Heerden JA, Fitzpatrick LA. Parathyroid autotransplantation. Arch Surg 1992;127:825-9.
  • Feldman AL, Sharaf RN, Skarulis MC, Bartlett DL, Libutti SK, Weinstein LS, et al. Results of heterotopic parathyroid autotransplantation: a 13-year experi- ence. Surgery 1999;126:1042-8.
  • Saxe A. Parathyroid transplantation: a review. Surgery 1984;95:507-26.
  • Geis WP, Popovtzer MM, Corman JL, Halgrimson CG, Groth CG, Starzi TE. The diagnosis and treat- ment of hyperparathyroidism after renal homotrans- plantation. Surg Gynecol Obstet 1973;137:997-1010.
  • Diethelm AG, Adams PL, Murad TM, Daniel WW, Whelchel JD, Rutsky EA, et al. Treatment of second- ary hyperparathyroidism in patients with chronic renal failure by total parathyroidectomy and para- thyroid autograft. Ann Surg 1981;193:777-93.
  • Hidai H, Chiba T, Takagi Y, Mori T, Taniguchi T, Hyodo T. Percutaneous autotransplantation of para- thyroid tissue into the forearm muscles. Surg Today 1998;28:114-6.
  • Monchik JM, Bendinelli C, Passero MA Jr, Roggin KK. Subcutaneous forearm transplantation of autolo- gous parathyroid tissue in patients with renal hyper- parathyroidism. Surgery 1999;126:1152-8.
  • Rothmund M, Wagner PK. Total parathyroidec- tomy and autotransplantation of parathyroid tissue for renal hyperparathyroidism. A one- to six-year follow-up. Ann Surg 1983;197:7-16.
  • Hibi Y, Tominaga Y, Sato T, Katayama A, Haba T, Uchida K, et al. Reoperation for renal hyperparathy- roidism. World J Surg 2002;26:1301-7.
  • Hargrove GM, Pasieka JL, Hanley DA, Murphy MB. Short- and long-term outcome of total parathyroidec- tomy with immediate autografting versus subtotal parathyroidectomy in patients with end-stage renal disease. Am J Nephrol 1999;19:559-64.
  • Wagner PK, Eckhardt J, Rothmund M. Subtotal para- thyroidectomy versus total parathyroidectomy with autotransplantation in secondary hyperparathyroid- ism. A randomized study. Chirurg 1991;62:189-94. [Abstract]
  • Takagi H, Tominaga Y, Uchida K, Yamada N, Kawai M, Kano T, et al. Subtotal versus total parathyroidec- tomy with forearm autograft for secondary hyper- parathyroidism in chronic renal failure. Ann Surg 1984;200:18-23.

Son Dönem Böbrek Hastalarında Gelişen Sekonder Hiperparatiroidizmin Cerrahi Tedavisi: Cerrahi Yaklaşımlar ve Olgu Sunumları

Year 2009, Volume: 2009 Issue: 4, 331 - 337, 01.04.2009

Abstract

Amaç: Son dönem böbrek hastalığı dünya çapında bir sağlık problemidir. Bu hastaların yaşam süreleri uzadıkça sekonder hiperparatiroidizm gibi ek patolojiler de gelişmektedir. Bu çalışmanın amacı sekonder hiperparatiroidizme cerrahi yaklaşımları gözden geçirmek ve kendi tecrübelerimizi sunmaktır. Hastalar ve Yöntemler: Bu retrospektif çalışmaya 2004 ve 2008 yılları arasında kronik böbrek hastalığı tanısıyla ameliyat edilen beş erkek hasta (ort. yaş 38.6) dahil edildi. Hasta bilgileri hastane kayıtlarından toplandı. Bulgular: Hastaların ortalama hemodiyaliz süresi 106.8 aydı. Bütün hastalar ameliyat öncesi dönemde ultrasonografi ve sintigrafi ile incelendi. Hastaların ameliyat öncesi ve sonrası dönemde ortalama serum PTH değeri 2097 ng/ ml ve 36.5 ng/dl, Ca 11.48 mg/dl ve 6.2 mg/dl, P 7.5 mg/dl ve 4.4 mg/dl, ALP 527 IU/L ve 89 IU/L idi. Bütün hastalara total paratiroidektomi ve sternokleidomastoid kasa ototransplantasyon yapılırken bir hastaya ek olarak sağ tiroidektomi yapıldı. Ameliyat sonrası dönemde tüm hastalar oral kalsiyum karbonat ve kalsitriol kullandılar. Hiçbir hastada ciddi komplikasyon görülmedi. Ortalama hastanede kalış süresi 4.6 gündü. Hastaların hepsinde serum PTH düzeyleri 300 ng/dl altında seyretti ve hiçbir hastada takipler esnasında nüks hiperparatiroidizm görülmedi. Sonuç: Sekonder hiperparatiroidizmin cerrahi tedavisi için birçok yöntem olsa da total paratiroidektomi ve ototransplantasyon düşük nüks ve komplikasyon oranları ile son dönem böbrek hastalarında gelişen sekonder hiperparatiroidizmin için en kabul edilen tedavi metotlarındandır.

References

  • Erbay B. Comparative evaluation of dialysis and transplantation in the treatment of end stage renal disease. Turkiye Klinikleri J Nephrol-Special Topics 2008;1:1-5.
  • Tominaga Y. Surgical treatment of secondary hyper- parathyroidism due to chronic kidney disease. Ups J Med Sci 2006;111:277-92.
  • Ockert S, Willeke F, Richter A, Jonescheit J, Schnuelle P, Van Der Woude F, et al. Total parathyroidectomy without autotransplantation as a standard procedure in the treatment of secondary hyperparathyroidism. Langenbecks Arch Surg 2002;387:204-9.
  • Tominaga Y, Johansson H, Johansson H, Takagi H. Secondary hyperparathyroidism: pathophysiology, histopathology, and medical and surgical manage- ment. Surg Today 1997;27:787-92.
  • Wells SA Jr, Gunnells JC, Shelburne JD, Schneider AB, Sherwood LM. Transplantation of the parathy- roid glands in man: clinical indications and results. Surgery 1975;78:34-44.
  • Richards ML, Wormuth J, Bingener J, Sirinek K. Parathyroidectomy in secondary hyperparathyroid- ism: Is there an optimal operative management? Surgery 2006;139:174-80.
  • Owda A, Elhwairis H, Narra S, Towery H, Osama S. Secondary hyperparathyroidism in chronic hemo- dialysis patients: prevalence and race. Ren Fail 2003;25:595-602.
  • Schlosser K, Veit JA, Witte S, Fernández ED, Victor N, Knaebel HP, et al. Comparison of total parathyroi- dectomy without autotransplantation and without thymectomy versus total parathyroidectomy with autotransplantation and with thymectomy for sec- ondary hyperparathyroidism: TOPAR PILOT-Trial. Trials 2007;8:22.
  • Nakai S, Masakane I, Akiba T, Iseki K, Watanabe Y, Itami N, et al. Overview of regular dialysis treatment in Japan (as of 31 December 2005). Ther Apher Dial 2007;11:411-41.
  • Slatopolsky E, Brown A, Dusso A. Pathogenesis of secondary hyperparathyroidism. Kidney Int Suppl 1999;73:S14-9.
  • Slatopolsky E, Finch J, Denda M, Ritter C, Zhong M, Dusso A, et al. Phosphorus restriction prevents parathyroid gland growth. High phosphorus directly stimulates PTH secretion in vitro. J Clin Invest 1996;97:2534-40.
  • Fukuda N, Tanaka H, Tominaga Y, Fukagawa M, Kurokawa K, Seino Y. Decreased 1,25-dihydroxyvi- tamin D3 receptor density is associated with a more severe form of parathyroid hyperplasia in chronic uremic patients. J Clin Invest 1993;92:1436-43.
  • Gogusev J, Duchambon P, Hory B, Giovannini M, Goureau Y, Sarfati E, et al. Depressed expression of calcium receptor in parathyroid gland tissue of patients with hyperparathyroidism. Kidney Int 1997;51:328-36.
  • Slatopolsky E, Finch J, Clay P, Martin D, Sicard G, Singer G, et al. A novel mechanism for skeletal resis- tance in uremia. Kidney Int 2000;58:753-61.
  • Giangrande A, Castiglioni A, Solbiati L, Allaria P. Ultrasound-guided percutaneous fine-needle etha- nol injection into parathyroid glands in second- ary hyperparathyroidism. Nephrol Dial Transplant 1992;7:412-21.
  • de Francisco AL, Fresnedo GF, Rodrigo E, Piñera C, Amado JA, Arias M. Parathyroidectomy in dialysis patients. Kidney Int Suppl 2002;:161-6.
  • National Kidney Foundation. K/DOQI clinical prac- tice guidelines for bone metabolism and disease in chronic kidney disease. Am J Kidney Dis 2003;42(4 Suppl 3):S1-201.
  • Stanbury SW, Lumb GA, Nicholson WF. Elective subtotal parathyroidectomy for renal hyperparathy- roidism. Lancet 1960;1:793-9.
  • Ogg CS. Total parathyroidectomy in treatment of secondary (renal) hyperparathyroidism. Br Med J 1967;4:331-4.
  • Herrera M, Grant C, van Heerden JA, Fitzpatrick LA. Parathyroid autotransplantation. Arch Surg 1992;127:825-9.
  • Feldman AL, Sharaf RN, Skarulis MC, Bartlett DL, Libutti SK, Weinstein LS, et al. Results of heterotopic parathyroid autotransplantation: a 13-year experi- ence. Surgery 1999;126:1042-8.
  • Saxe A. Parathyroid transplantation: a review. Surgery 1984;95:507-26.
  • Geis WP, Popovtzer MM, Corman JL, Halgrimson CG, Groth CG, Starzi TE. The diagnosis and treat- ment of hyperparathyroidism after renal homotrans- plantation. Surg Gynecol Obstet 1973;137:997-1010.
  • Diethelm AG, Adams PL, Murad TM, Daniel WW, Whelchel JD, Rutsky EA, et al. Treatment of second- ary hyperparathyroidism in patients with chronic renal failure by total parathyroidectomy and para- thyroid autograft. Ann Surg 1981;193:777-93.
  • Hidai H, Chiba T, Takagi Y, Mori T, Taniguchi T, Hyodo T. Percutaneous autotransplantation of para- thyroid tissue into the forearm muscles. Surg Today 1998;28:114-6.
  • Monchik JM, Bendinelli C, Passero MA Jr, Roggin KK. Subcutaneous forearm transplantation of autolo- gous parathyroid tissue in patients with renal hyper- parathyroidism. Surgery 1999;126:1152-8.
  • Rothmund M, Wagner PK. Total parathyroidec- tomy and autotransplantation of parathyroid tissue for renal hyperparathyroidism. A one- to six-year follow-up. Ann Surg 1983;197:7-16.
  • Hibi Y, Tominaga Y, Sato T, Katayama A, Haba T, Uchida K, et al. Reoperation for renal hyperparathy- roidism. World J Surg 2002;26:1301-7.
  • Hargrove GM, Pasieka JL, Hanley DA, Murphy MB. Short- and long-term outcome of total parathyroidec- tomy with immediate autografting versus subtotal parathyroidectomy in patients with end-stage renal disease. Am J Nephrol 1999;19:559-64.
  • Wagner PK, Eckhardt J, Rothmund M. Subtotal para- thyroidectomy versus total parathyroidectomy with autotransplantation in secondary hyperparathyroid- ism. A randomized study. Chirurg 1991;62:189-94. [Abstract]
  • Takagi H, Tominaga Y, Uchida K, Yamada N, Kawai M, Kano T, et al. Subtotal versus total parathyroidec- tomy with forearm autograft for secondary hyper- parathyroidism in chronic renal failure. Ann Surg 1984;200:18-23.
There are 31 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Atakan Sezer This is me

Mehmet Emin İrfanoğlu This is me

Publication Date April 1, 2009
Published in Issue Year 2009 Volume: 2009 Issue: 4

Cite

APA Sezer, A., & İrfanoğlu, M. E. (2009). Son Dönem Böbrek Hastalarında Gelişen Sekonder Hiperparatiroidizmin Cerrahi Tedavisi: Cerrahi Yaklaşımlar ve Olgu Sunumları. Balkan Medical Journal, 2009(4), 331-337.
AMA Sezer A, İrfanoğlu ME. Son Dönem Böbrek Hastalarında Gelişen Sekonder Hiperparatiroidizmin Cerrahi Tedavisi: Cerrahi Yaklaşımlar ve Olgu Sunumları. Balkan Medical Journal. April 2009;2009(4):331-337.
Chicago Sezer, Atakan, and Mehmet Emin İrfanoğlu. “Son Dönem Böbrek Hastalarında Gelişen Sekonder Hiperparatiroidizmin Cerrahi Tedavisi: Cerrahi Yaklaşımlar Ve Olgu Sunumları”. Balkan Medical Journal 2009, no. 4 (April 2009): 331-37.
EndNote Sezer A, İrfanoğlu ME (April 1, 2009) Son Dönem Böbrek Hastalarında Gelişen Sekonder Hiperparatiroidizmin Cerrahi Tedavisi: Cerrahi Yaklaşımlar ve Olgu Sunumları. Balkan Medical Journal 2009 4 331–337.
IEEE A. Sezer and M. E. İrfanoğlu, “Son Dönem Böbrek Hastalarında Gelişen Sekonder Hiperparatiroidizmin Cerrahi Tedavisi: Cerrahi Yaklaşımlar ve Olgu Sunumları”, Balkan Medical Journal, vol. 2009, no. 4, pp. 331–337, 2009.
ISNAD Sezer, Atakan - İrfanoğlu, Mehmet Emin. “Son Dönem Böbrek Hastalarında Gelişen Sekonder Hiperparatiroidizmin Cerrahi Tedavisi: Cerrahi Yaklaşımlar Ve Olgu Sunumları”. Balkan Medical Journal 2009/4 (April 2009), 331-337.
JAMA Sezer A, İrfanoğlu ME. Son Dönem Böbrek Hastalarında Gelişen Sekonder Hiperparatiroidizmin Cerrahi Tedavisi: Cerrahi Yaklaşımlar ve Olgu Sunumları. Balkan Medical Journal. 2009;2009:331–337.
MLA Sezer, Atakan and Mehmet Emin İrfanoğlu. “Son Dönem Böbrek Hastalarında Gelişen Sekonder Hiperparatiroidizmin Cerrahi Tedavisi: Cerrahi Yaklaşımlar Ve Olgu Sunumları”. Balkan Medical Journal, vol. 2009, no. 4, 2009, pp. 331-7.
Vancouver Sezer A, İrfanoğlu ME. Son Dönem Böbrek Hastalarında Gelişen Sekonder Hiperparatiroidizmin Cerrahi Tedavisi: Cerrahi Yaklaşımlar ve Olgu Sunumları. Balkan Medical Journal. 2009;2009(4):331-7.