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The Effects of Enteral Immunonutrient Products and Total Parenteral Nutrition in Patients Who Underwent Major Abdominal Surgery

Year 2010, Volume: 2010 Issue: 5, 404 - 410, 01.05.2010
https://doi.org/10.5174/tutfd.2009.02426.1

Abstract

Objective: We aimed to investigate the effects of enteral immunonutrition and Total Parenteral Nutrition (TPN) on the immune system and acute inflammatory response of patients who underwent major abdominal surgery. Material and Methods: Sixty gastric or colorectal cancer patients were randomized into two groups. Enteral immunonutrition was given to the first group and TPN was given to the second group. Albumin, prealbumin, retinol binding globulin (RBP), transferrin, IL-2, IL-6, CRP and T-Lymphocyte levels were determined for nutritional state and immunologic evaluation. Also, postoperative complications, postoperative intensive care unit (ICU) and hospital stays were compared between the two groups. Results: All nutritional parameters were significantly decreased on the postoperative first day in both groups. RBP and prealbumin levels significantly increased in Group I on postoperative day 5. IL-6 and CRP levels increased significantly in both groups. IL-2 levels increased significantly in Group I, T-lymphocyte percentage decreased significantly in Group II on postoperative day 1 and 5. The length of ICU and hospital stays were longer and postoperative infection rate was less in Group II. Conclusion: Decrease in severity of acute inflammatory response and postoperative infection rate, augmentation in cellular immunity, decrease in the length of ICU and hospital stay were observed in the enteral immunonutrition group after major abdominal surgery. Turkish Başlık: Majör Abdominal Kanser Cerrahisi Uygulanan Hastalarda Total Parenteral Nutrisyon ve Enteral İmmunonutrisyon Karşılaştırılması Anahtar Kelimeler: Total parenteral nütrisyon; enteral immünonütrisyon; major cerrahi; kanser Amaç: Majör abdominal cerrahi uygulanan olgularda preoperatif başlanan ve erken postoperatif dönemde devam edilen enteral immünonütrisyon ürünü ile total parenteral nütrisyonun, immün sistem ve akut inflamatuar yanıt üzerine etkilerinin araştırılması amaçlandı. Gereç ve Yöntem: Mide ve kolorektal kanser tanılı 60 hasta iki gruba randomize edildi. Birinci gruba enteral immünonütrisyon, ikinci gruba Total Parenteral Nütrisyon uygulandı. Nütrisyonel değerlendirme için albümin, prealbümin, retinol bağlayıcı protein (RBP) ve transferin düzeylerine, immünolojik değerlendirme için IL-2, IL-6, CRP ve T-Lenfosit değerlerine bakıldı. Ayrıca, postoperatif komplikasyon oranları ile yoğun bakım ünitesinde (YBÜ) ve hastanede yatış süreleri karşılaştırıldı. Bulgular: Her iki grupta postoperatif 1. günde nütrisyonel değerlerde anlamlı azalma görüldü (p<0.05). Prealbümin ve RBP değerlerinde Grup I'de postoperatif 5. gün anlamlı bir artma gözlendi (p<0.05). IL-6 ve CRP değerlerinde iki grupta postoperatif anlamlı bir artış saptandı (p<0.01). Postoperatif 1. ve 5. günde IL-2 miktarında Grup I'de anlamlı yükselme (p<0.05), T-Lenfosit yüzdesinde Grup II'de anlamlı azalma saptandı (p<0.05). YBÜ ve hastanede yatış süreleri açısından karşılaştırma yapıldığında Grup II'de anlamlı bir artış görüldü (p<0.05). Postoperatif enfeksiyon oranı Grup I'de Grup II'ye kıyasla anlamlı miktarda az bulundu (p<0.05). Sonuç: Majör abdominal cerrahi sonrası erken enteral immünonütrisyonun akut inflamatuar reaksiyon şiddetini azalttığı, hücresel immün desteği artırdığı, postoperatif enfeksiyon insidansını azalttığı, yoğun bakımda ve hastanede yatış süresini azalttığı gözlendi.

References

  • Kagansky N, Berner Y, Koren-Morag N, Perelman L, Knobler H, Levy S. Poor nutritional habits are predictors of poor outcome in very old hospitalized patients. Am J Clin Nutr 2005;82:784-91.
  • Tavares MM, Matos L, Amaral TF. Insufficient voluntary intake of nutrients and energy in hospitalized patients. Nutr Hosp 2007;22:584-9.
  • Bozzetti F, Braga M, Gianotti L, Gavazzi C, Mariani L. Postoperative enteral versus parenteral nutrition in malnourished patients with gastrointestinal cancer: a randomised multicentre trial. Lancet 2001;358:1487-92.
  • Braga M, Gianotti L, Gentilini O, Parisi V, Salis C, Di Carlo V. Early postoperative enteral nutrition improves gut oxygenation and reduces costs compared with total parenteral nutrition. Crit Care Med 2001;29:242-8.
  • Eisenstein C, Van Way CW III. Nutritional assessment. In: Van Way CW III, ed. Handbook of Surgical Nutrition. Philadelphia: JB Lippincott; 1992:107-18.
  • Mendez C, Jurkovich GJ, Garcia I, Davis D, Parker A, Maier RV. Effects of an immune-enhancing diet incritically injured patients. J Trauma 1997;42:933-40.
  • Todd SR, Gonzalez EA, Turner K, Kozar RA. Update on postinjury nutrition. Curr Opin Crit Care 2008;14:690-5.
  • Kondrup J, Rasmussen HH, Hamberg O, Stanga Z, Ad Hoc ESPEN Working Group. Nutritional risk screening (NRS 2002): a new method based on an analysis of controlled clinical trials. Clin Nutr 2003;22:321-36.
  • Gianotti L, BragaM, Nespoli L, Radaelli G, Beneduce A, Dicarlo V. A randomized controlled trial of preoperative oral supplementation with a specialized diet in patients with gastrointestinal cancer. Gastroenterology 2002;122:1763-70.
  • Gramlich L, Kichian K, Pinilla J, Rodych NJ, Dhaliwal R, Heyland DK. Does enteral nutrition compared to parenteral nutrition result in better outcomes in critically ill adult patients? A systematic review of the literature. Nutrition 2004;20:843-8.
  • Kudsk KA, Croce MA, Fabian TC, Minard G, Tolley EA, Poret HA, et al. Enteral versus parenteral feeding. Effects on septic morbidity after blunt and penetrating abdominal trauma. Ann Surg 1992;215:503-11.
  • Moore FA, Feliciano DV, Andrassy RJ, McArdle AH, Booth FV, Morgenstein-Wagner TB, et al. Early enteral feeding, compared with parenteral, reduces postoperative septic complications. The results of a meta-analysis. Ann Surg 1992;216:172-83.
  • Lewis SJ, Andersen HK, Thomas S. Early enteral nutrition within 24 h of intestinal surgery versus later commencement of feeding: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Gastrointest Surg 2009;13:569-75.
  • Klein S. The myth of serum albumin as a measure of nutritional status. Gastroenterology 1990;99:1845-6.
  • Gianotti L, Braga M, Fortis C, Soldini L, Vignali A, Colombo S, et al. A prospective, randomized clinical trial on perioperative feeding with an arginine-, omega-3 fatty acid-, and RNAenriched enteral diet: effect on host response and nutritional status. J Parenter Enteral Nutr 1999;23:314-20.
  • Gunerhan Y, Koksal N, Sahin UY, Uzun MA, EksiogluDemiralp E. Effect of preoperative immunonutrition and other nutrition models on cellular immune parameters. World J Gastroenterol 2009;15:467-72.
  • Klek S, Kulig J, Sierzega M, Szybinski P, Szczepanek K, Kubisz A, et al. The impact of immunostimulating nutrition on infectious complications after upper gastrointestinal surgery: a prospective, randomized, clinical trial. Ann Surg 2008;248:212-20.
  • Braga M, Vignali A, Gianotti L, Cestari A, Profili M, Carlo VD. Immune and nutritional effects of early enteral nutrition after major abdominal operations. Eur J Surg 1996;162:105-12.
  • Kemen M, Senkal M, Homann HH, Mumme A, Dauphin AK, Baier J, et al. Early postoperative enteral nutrition with arginine-omega-3 fatty acids and ribonucleic acidsupplemented diet versus placebo in cancer patients: an immunologic evaluation of Impact. Crit Care Med 1995;23:652-9.
  • Wigmore SJ, Fearon KC, Ross JA. Modulation of human hepatocyte acute phase protein production in vitro by n-3 and n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids. Ann Surg 1997;225:103-11.
  • Senkal M, Zumtobel V, Bauer KH, Marpe B, Wolfram G, Frei A, et al. Outcome and cost-effectiveness of perioperative enteral immunonutrition in patients undergoing elective upper gastrointestinal tract surgery: a prospective randomized study. Arch Surg 1999;134:1309-16.
  • Sakurai Y, Masui T, Yoshida I, Tonomura S, Shoji M, Nakamura Y, et al. Randomized clinical trial of the effects of perioperative use of immune-enhancing enteral formula on metabolic and immunological status in patients undergoing esophagectomy. World J Surg 2007;31:2150-7.
  • Giger U, Büchler M, Farhadi J, Berger D, Hüsler J, Schneider H, et al. Preoperative immunonutrition suppresses perioperative inflammatory response in patients with major abdominal surgery-a randomized controlled pilot study. Ann Surg Oncol 2007;14:2798-806.
  • Braga M, Vignali A, Gianotti L, Cestari A, Profili M, Di Carlo V. Benefits of early postoperative enteral feeding in cancer patients. Infusionsther Transfusionsmed. 1995;22:280-4.
  • Braga M, Gianotti L, Cestari A, Vignali A, Pellegatta F, Dolci A, et al. Gut function and immune and inflammatory responses in patients perioperatively fed with supplemented enteral formulas. Arch Surg 1996;131:1257-64.
  • Daly JM, Lieberman MD, Goldfine J, Shou J, Weintraub F, Rosato EF, et al. Enteral nutrition with supplemental arginine, RNA, and omega-3 fatty acids in patients after operation: immunologic, metabolic, and clinical outcome. Surgery 1992;112:56-67.
  • Decker D, Schondorf M, Bidlingmaier F, Hirner A, von Ruecker AA. Surgical stress induces a shift in the type-1/type-2 T-helper cell balance, suggesting downregulation of cell-mediated and up-regulation of antibodymediated immunity commensurate to the trauma. Surgery 1996;119:316-25.
  • Meakins JL. Host defense mechanisms in surgical patients: effect of surgery and trauma. Acta Chir Scand Suppl 1989;550:43-51.
  • Daly JM, Lieberman MD, Goldfine J, Shou J, Weintraub F, Rosato EF, et al. Enteral nutrition with supplemental arginine, RNA, and omega-3 fatty acids in patients after operation: immunologic, metabolic, and clinical outcome. Surgery 1992;112:56-67.

Majör Abdominal Kanser Cerrahisi Uygulanan Hastalarda Total Parenteral Nutrisyon ve Enteral İmmunonutrisyon Karşılaştırılması

Year 2010, Volume: 2010 Issue: 5, 404 - 410, 01.05.2010
https://doi.org/10.5174/tutfd.2009.02426.1

Abstract

Amaç: Majör abdominal cerrahi uygulanan olgularda preoperatif başlanan ve erken postoperatif dönemde devam edilen enteral immünonütrisyon ürünü ile total parenteral nütrisyonun, immün sistem ve akut inflamatuar yanıt üzerine etkilerinin araştırılması amaçlandı. Gereç ve Yöntem: Mide ve kolorektal kanser tanılı 60 hasta iki gruba randomize edildi. Birinci gruba enteral immünonütrisyon, ikinci gruba Total Parenteral Nütrisyon uygulandı. Nütrisyonel değerlendirme için albümin, prealbümin, retinol bağlayıcı protein (RBP) ve transferin düzeylerine, immünolojik değerlendirme için IL-2, IL-6, CRP ve T-Lenfosit değerlerine bakıldı. Ayrıca, postoperatif komplikasyon oranları ile yoğun bakım ünitesinde (YBÜ) ve hastanede yatış süreleri karşılaştırıldı.
Bulgular: Her iki grupta postoperatif 1. günde nütrisyonel değerlerde anlamlı azalma görüldü (p<0.05). Prealbümin ve RBP değerlerinde Grup I'de postoperatif 5. gün anlamlı bir artma gözlendi (p<0.05). IL-6 ve CRP değerlerinde iki grupta postoperatif anlamlı bir artış saptandı (p<0.01). Postoperatif 1. ve 5. günde IL-2 miktarında Grup I'de anlamlı yükselme (p<0.05), T-Lenfosit yüzdesinde Grup II'de anlamlı azalma saptandı (p<0.05). YBÜ ve hastanede yatış süreleri açısından karşılaştırma yapıldığında Grup II'de anlamlı bir artış görüldü (p<0.05). Postoperatif enfeksiyon oranı Grup I'de Grup II'ye kıyasla anlamlı miktarda az bulundu (p<0.05).
Sonuç: Majör abdominal cerrahi sonrası erken enteral immünonütrisyonun akut inflamatuar reaksiyon şiddetini azalttığı, hücresel immün desteği artırdığı, postoperatif enfeksiyon insidansını azalttığı, yoğun bakımda ve hastanede yatış süresini azalttığı gözlendi.

References

  • Kagansky N, Berner Y, Koren-Morag N, Perelman L, Knobler H, Levy S. Poor nutritional habits are predictors of poor outcome in very old hospitalized patients. Am J Clin Nutr 2005;82:784-91.
  • Tavares MM, Matos L, Amaral TF. Insufficient voluntary intake of nutrients and energy in hospitalized patients. Nutr Hosp 2007;22:584-9.
  • Bozzetti F, Braga M, Gianotti L, Gavazzi C, Mariani L. Postoperative enteral versus parenteral nutrition in malnourished patients with gastrointestinal cancer: a randomised multicentre trial. Lancet 2001;358:1487-92.
  • Braga M, Gianotti L, Gentilini O, Parisi V, Salis C, Di Carlo V. Early postoperative enteral nutrition improves gut oxygenation and reduces costs compared with total parenteral nutrition. Crit Care Med 2001;29:242-8.
  • Eisenstein C, Van Way CW III. Nutritional assessment. In: Van Way CW III, ed. Handbook of Surgical Nutrition. Philadelphia: JB Lippincott; 1992:107-18.
  • Mendez C, Jurkovich GJ, Garcia I, Davis D, Parker A, Maier RV. Effects of an immune-enhancing diet incritically injured patients. J Trauma 1997;42:933-40.
  • Todd SR, Gonzalez EA, Turner K, Kozar RA. Update on postinjury nutrition. Curr Opin Crit Care 2008;14:690-5.
  • Kondrup J, Rasmussen HH, Hamberg O, Stanga Z, Ad Hoc ESPEN Working Group. Nutritional risk screening (NRS 2002): a new method based on an analysis of controlled clinical trials. Clin Nutr 2003;22:321-36.
  • Gianotti L, BragaM, Nespoli L, Radaelli G, Beneduce A, Dicarlo V. A randomized controlled trial of preoperative oral supplementation with a specialized diet in patients with gastrointestinal cancer. Gastroenterology 2002;122:1763-70.
  • Gramlich L, Kichian K, Pinilla J, Rodych NJ, Dhaliwal R, Heyland DK. Does enteral nutrition compared to parenteral nutrition result in better outcomes in critically ill adult patients? A systematic review of the literature. Nutrition 2004;20:843-8.
  • Kudsk KA, Croce MA, Fabian TC, Minard G, Tolley EA, Poret HA, et al. Enteral versus parenteral feeding. Effects on septic morbidity after blunt and penetrating abdominal trauma. Ann Surg 1992;215:503-11.
  • Moore FA, Feliciano DV, Andrassy RJ, McArdle AH, Booth FV, Morgenstein-Wagner TB, et al. Early enteral feeding, compared with parenteral, reduces postoperative septic complications. The results of a meta-analysis. Ann Surg 1992;216:172-83.
  • Lewis SJ, Andersen HK, Thomas S. Early enteral nutrition within 24 h of intestinal surgery versus later commencement of feeding: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Gastrointest Surg 2009;13:569-75.
  • Klein S. The myth of serum albumin as a measure of nutritional status. Gastroenterology 1990;99:1845-6.
  • Gianotti L, Braga M, Fortis C, Soldini L, Vignali A, Colombo S, et al. A prospective, randomized clinical trial on perioperative feeding with an arginine-, omega-3 fatty acid-, and RNAenriched enteral diet: effect on host response and nutritional status. J Parenter Enteral Nutr 1999;23:314-20.
  • Gunerhan Y, Koksal N, Sahin UY, Uzun MA, EksiogluDemiralp E. Effect of preoperative immunonutrition and other nutrition models on cellular immune parameters. World J Gastroenterol 2009;15:467-72.
  • Klek S, Kulig J, Sierzega M, Szybinski P, Szczepanek K, Kubisz A, et al. The impact of immunostimulating nutrition on infectious complications after upper gastrointestinal surgery: a prospective, randomized, clinical trial. Ann Surg 2008;248:212-20.
  • Braga M, Vignali A, Gianotti L, Cestari A, Profili M, Carlo VD. Immune and nutritional effects of early enteral nutrition after major abdominal operations. Eur J Surg 1996;162:105-12.
  • Kemen M, Senkal M, Homann HH, Mumme A, Dauphin AK, Baier J, et al. Early postoperative enteral nutrition with arginine-omega-3 fatty acids and ribonucleic acidsupplemented diet versus placebo in cancer patients: an immunologic evaluation of Impact. Crit Care Med 1995;23:652-9.
  • Wigmore SJ, Fearon KC, Ross JA. Modulation of human hepatocyte acute phase protein production in vitro by n-3 and n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids. Ann Surg 1997;225:103-11.
  • Senkal M, Zumtobel V, Bauer KH, Marpe B, Wolfram G, Frei A, et al. Outcome and cost-effectiveness of perioperative enteral immunonutrition in patients undergoing elective upper gastrointestinal tract surgery: a prospective randomized study. Arch Surg 1999;134:1309-16.
  • Sakurai Y, Masui T, Yoshida I, Tonomura S, Shoji M, Nakamura Y, et al. Randomized clinical trial of the effects of perioperative use of immune-enhancing enteral formula on metabolic and immunological status in patients undergoing esophagectomy. World J Surg 2007;31:2150-7.
  • Giger U, Büchler M, Farhadi J, Berger D, Hüsler J, Schneider H, et al. Preoperative immunonutrition suppresses perioperative inflammatory response in patients with major abdominal surgery-a randomized controlled pilot study. Ann Surg Oncol 2007;14:2798-806.
  • Braga M, Vignali A, Gianotti L, Cestari A, Profili M, Di Carlo V. Benefits of early postoperative enteral feeding in cancer patients. Infusionsther Transfusionsmed. 1995;22:280-4.
  • Braga M, Gianotti L, Cestari A, Vignali A, Pellegatta F, Dolci A, et al. Gut function and immune and inflammatory responses in patients perioperatively fed with supplemented enteral formulas. Arch Surg 1996;131:1257-64.
  • Daly JM, Lieberman MD, Goldfine J, Shou J, Weintraub F, Rosato EF, et al. Enteral nutrition with supplemental arginine, RNA, and omega-3 fatty acids in patients after operation: immunologic, metabolic, and clinical outcome. Surgery 1992;112:56-67.
  • Decker D, Schondorf M, Bidlingmaier F, Hirner A, von Ruecker AA. Surgical stress induces a shift in the type-1/type-2 T-helper cell balance, suggesting downregulation of cell-mediated and up-regulation of antibodymediated immunity commensurate to the trauma. Surgery 1996;119:316-25.
  • Meakins JL. Host defense mechanisms in surgical patients: effect of surgery and trauma. Acta Chir Scand Suppl 1989;550:43-51.
  • Daly JM, Lieberman MD, Goldfine J, Shou J, Weintraub F, Rosato EF, et al. Enteral nutrition with supplemental arginine, RNA, and omega-3 fatty acids in patients after operation: immunologic, metabolic, and clinical outcome. Surgery 1992;112:56-67.
There are 29 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Abdulhamit Gencer This is me

Yavuz Özdemir This is me

İlker Sücüllü This is me

Ali İlker Filiz This is me

Ergün Yücel This is me

M. Levhi Akın This is me

Mehmet Yıldız This is me

Mehmet Yıldız This is me

Publication Date May 1, 2010
Published in Issue Year 2010 Volume: 2010 Issue: 5

Cite

APA Gencer, A., Özdemir, Y., Sücüllü, İ., Filiz, A. İ., et al. (2010). Majör Abdominal Kanser Cerrahisi Uygulanan Hastalarda Total Parenteral Nutrisyon ve Enteral İmmunonutrisyon Karşılaştırılması. Balkan Medical Journal, 2010(5), 404-410. https://doi.org/10.5174/tutfd.2009.02426.1
AMA Gencer A, Özdemir Y, Sücüllü İ, Filiz Aİ, Yücel E, Akın ML, Yıldız M, Yıldız M. Majör Abdominal Kanser Cerrahisi Uygulanan Hastalarda Total Parenteral Nutrisyon ve Enteral İmmunonutrisyon Karşılaştırılması. Balkan Medical Journal. May 2010;2010(5):404-410. doi:10.5174/tutfd.2009.02426.1
Chicago Gencer, Abdulhamit, Yavuz Özdemir, İlker Sücüllü, Ali İlker Filiz, Ergün Yücel, M. Levhi Akın, Mehmet Yıldız, and Mehmet Yıldız. “Majör Abdominal Kanser Cerrahisi Uygulanan Hastalarda Total Parenteral Nutrisyon Ve Enteral İmmunonutrisyon Karşılaştırılması”. Balkan Medical Journal 2010, no. 5 (May 2010): 404-10. https://doi.org/10.5174/tutfd.2009.02426.1.
EndNote Gencer A, Özdemir Y, Sücüllü İ, Filiz Aİ, Yücel E, Akın ML, Yıldız M, Yıldız M (May 1, 2010) Majör Abdominal Kanser Cerrahisi Uygulanan Hastalarda Total Parenteral Nutrisyon ve Enteral İmmunonutrisyon Karşılaştırılması. Balkan Medical Journal 2010 5 404–410.
IEEE A. Gencer, Y. Özdemir, İ. Sücüllü, A. İ. Filiz, E. Yücel, M. L. Akın, M. Yıldız, and M. Yıldız, “Majör Abdominal Kanser Cerrahisi Uygulanan Hastalarda Total Parenteral Nutrisyon ve Enteral İmmunonutrisyon Karşılaştırılması”, Balkan Medical Journal, vol. 2010, no. 5, pp. 404–410, 2010, doi: 10.5174/tutfd.2009.02426.1.
ISNAD Gencer, Abdulhamit et al. “Majör Abdominal Kanser Cerrahisi Uygulanan Hastalarda Total Parenteral Nutrisyon Ve Enteral İmmunonutrisyon Karşılaştırılması”. Balkan Medical Journal 2010/5 (May 2010), 404-410. https://doi.org/10.5174/tutfd.2009.02426.1.
JAMA Gencer A, Özdemir Y, Sücüllü İ, Filiz Aİ, Yücel E, Akın ML, Yıldız M, Yıldız M. Majör Abdominal Kanser Cerrahisi Uygulanan Hastalarda Total Parenteral Nutrisyon ve Enteral İmmunonutrisyon Karşılaştırılması. Balkan Medical Journal. 2010;2010:404–410.
MLA Gencer, Abdulhamit et al. “Majör Abdominal Kanser Cerrahisi Uygulanan Hastalarda Total Parenteral Nutrisyon Ve Enteral İmmunonutrisyon Karşılaştırılması”. Balkan Medical Journal, vol. 2010, no. 5, 2010, pp. 404-10, doi:10.5174/tutfd.2009.02426.1.
Vancouver Gencer A, Özdemir Y, Sücüllü İ, Filiz Aİ, Yücel E, Akın ML, Yıldız M, Yıldız M. Majör Abdominal Kanser Cerrahisi Uygulanan Hastalarda Total Parenteral Nutrisyon ve Enteral İmmunonutrisyon Karşılaştırılması. Balkan Medical Journal. 2010;2010(5):404-10.