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Comparative and Mixture Effect of Cynodon Dactylon, ElectroMagnetic Field and Insulin on Diabetic Mouse

Year 2012, Volume: 2012 Issue: 4, 345 - 348, 01.04.2012
https://doi.org/10.5152/balkanmedj.2012.091

Abstract

Objective: New investigations are in progress to find some alternative treatments for diabetes mellitus. Herbs are some of the interesting medications in this regard. Cynodon dactylon (C.d) is a potential plant to be considered as a new medication. On the other hand, the effect of the Electromagnetic Field (EMF) on bio organisms is becoming clearer. In this study, the effect of C.d, EMF and insulin have been investigated on the diabetic mouse. Material and Methods: Diabetes was induced by a combination of ketamine (60 mg/Kg) and xylazine (10 mg/Kg) which induces a sustained hyperglycemia. Mice were divided into 12 groups: 1) control, 2) normal saline, 3 and 4) 50mg/Kg C.d, 5 and 6) 100 mg/Kg C.d, 7) insulin, 8) insulin and C.d, 9) EMF (110 KHz, 700±20 mG), 10) insulin and EMF, 11) EMF plus C.d and 12) insulin plus C.d and EMF. Blood glucose level was measured after 5 and 60 minutes in C.d administrated groups, and 5 minutes in the other groups by a glucometer set. The data were analyzed by ANOVA and different means were compared by Tukey and Bonferroni tests (p<0.05). Results: According to results, both dosages of C.d had significant lowering effect on blood glucose level. The first dose was more effective than the second, and its impact was just like insulin. The 6th, 9th and 10th groups were significant, also . However, they did not show a higher effect than insulin or C.d. The application of EMF had a significant effect compared to the second group, but it did not reduce the glucose level to the normal range. The effect of the 8th group was very impressive and the mean glucose levels in this group were lower than the control group. Conclusion: Considering the data, C.d is a good alternative medication for diabetes mellitus. Turkish Başlık: Cynodon Dactylon, Elektromanyetik Alan ve İnsülinin Diyabetik Fareler Üzerinde Karşılaştırmalı ve Karma Etkisi Anahtar Kelimeler: Diabetes mellitus, cynodon dactylon, elektromanyetik alan, insülin, glukoz Amaç: Diabetes mellitusa bazı alternatif tedaviler bulmak için yeni araştırmalar devam etmektedir. Bu bağlamda bitkiler ilginç ilaçlardandır. Cynodon dactylon (C.d) yeni bir ilaç olarak düşünülmesi gereken bir potansiyel bitkidir. Diğer taraftan, Elektromanyetik Alanın (EMA) biyo-organizmalar üzerine etkisi daha net hale gelmektedir. Bu çalışmada diyabetik fareler üzerinde C.d, EMA ve insülinin etkisi araştırılmıştır. Materyal ve Metodlar: Sürekli hiperglisemi oluşturan ketamin (60 mg/Kg) ve xylazine (10 mg/Kg) ile diyabet oluşturuldu. Fareler 12 gruba ayrıldı 1) kontrol, 2) normal salin, 3 ve 4) 50 mg/Kg C.d, 5 ve 6) 100 mg/Kg C.d, 7) insülin, 8) insülin ve C.d, 9) EMA (110 KHz, 700±20 mG), 10) insülin ve EMA, 11) EMA artı C.d ve 12) insülin artı C.d ve EMA. C.d verilen gruplarda 5 ve 60 dakika sonra ve diğer gruplarda ise 5 dakika sonra glukometre seti ile kan glukoz seviyesi ölçüldü. Veriler ANOVA ile analiz edildi ve farklılıklar Tukey ve Bonferroni testleri ile karşılaştırıldı (p<0.05). Bulgular: Bulgulara göre, C.d'nin her iki dozu kan glukoz seviyesinde anlamlı şekilde düşürücü etkiye sahipti. İlk doz ikinciye göre daha etkiliydi ve etkisi insüline çok benzerdi. Ayrıca 6. 9. ve 10. gruplar da anlamlıydı. Ancak, insülin veya C.d'den daha yüksek bir etki göstermediler. İkinci gruba kıyasla EMA uygulamasının anlamlı bir etkisi vardı ancak glukoz seviyesini normal aralığa indirmedi. 8. grubun etkisi çok etkileyiciydi ve bu gruptaki ortalama glukoz seviyeleri kontrol grubuna göre daha düşüktü. Sonuç: Veriler göz önüne alındığında C.d diabetes mellitus'ta iyi bir alternatif ilaçtır.

References

  • Pandikumar P, Babu NP, Ignacimuthu S. Hypoglycemic and an- tihyperglycemic effect of Begonia malabarica Lam. in normal and streptozotocin induced diabetic rats. J Ethnopharmacol 2009;124:111-5. [CrossRef]
  • Li F, Zhang Y, Zhong Z. Antihyperglycemic effect of ganoderma lucidum polysaccharides on streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice. Int J Mol Sci 2011;12:6135-45. [CrossRef]
  • Wang L, Zhang XT, Zhang HY, Yao HY, Zhang H. Effect of Vac- cinium bracteatum Thunb. leaves extract on blood glucose and plasma lipid levels in streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice. J Ethnopharmacol 2010;130:465-9. [CrossRef]
  • Sieroń A, Brus H, Konecki J, Cieślar G, Szkilnik R, Nowak P, et al. Effect of Low Frequency Electromagnetic Fields on [3H]Glucose Uptake in Rat Tissues. Polish J of Environ Stud 2007;16:309-12.
  • Chen XH, Bai X, Liu YH, Tian LY, Zhou JQ, Zhou Q. Anti-diabetic effects of water extract and crude polysaccharides from tuberous root of Liriope spicata var. prolifera in mice. J Ethnopharmacol 2009;122:205-9. [CrossRef]
  • Gray AM, Abdel-Wahab YH, Flatt PR. The traditional plant treat- ment, Sambucus nigra (elder), exhibits insulin-like and insulin- releasing actions in vitro. J Nutr 2000;130:15-20.
  • Singh SK, Kesari AN, Gupta RK, Jaiswal D, Watal G. Assessment of antidiabetic potential of Cynodon dactylon extract in streptozoto- cin diabetic rats. J Ethnopharmacol 2007;114:174-9. [CrossRef]
  • Shabi MM, Gayathri K, Venkalakshmi R, Sasikala C. Chemical constituents of hydro alcoholic extract and phenolic fraction of Cynodon dactylon. Int J Chem Tech Res 2010;2:149-54.
  • Sakurai T, Yoshimoto M, Koyama S, Miyakoshi J. Exposure to ex- tremely low frequency magnetic fields affects insulin-secreting cells. Bioelectromagnetics 2008;29:118-24. [CrossRef]
  • Ocal I, Kalkan T, Günay İ, Effects of alternating magnetic field on the metabolism of the healthy and diabetic organisms. Braz Arch Biol Technol 2008;51:523-30.
  • Kawai N, Stummer W, Ennis SR, Betz AL, Keep RF. Blood-brain barrier glutamine transport during normoglycemic and hyper- glycemic focal cerebral ischemia. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 1999;19:79-86. [CrossRef]
  • Park EJ, Dodds J, Smith NB. Dose comparison of ultrasonic trans- dermal insulin delivery to subcutaneous insulin injection. Int J Nanomedicine 2008;3:335-41.
  • Kirtikar KK, Basu BD, Indian Medicinal Plants. 2nd edition, Lalit Mohan Publication, India, 1980;2650.
  • Nafisi S, Asghari MH, Mohammad Nezhady MA., Ekhtiari MS. Pos- sible antidiabetic effect of peganum harmala on streptozocine- induced mouse. World Applied Sciences Journal 2011;14:822-4.
  • Chattopadhyay RR, Sarkar SK, Ganguly S, Banerjee RN, Basu TK. Hypoglycemic and antihyperglycemic effect of leaves of Vinca rosea linn. Indian J Physiol Pharmacol 1991;35:145-51.
  • Jarald EE, Joshi SB, Jain DC. Antidiabetic activity of aqueous ex- tract and non polysaccharide fraction of Cynodon dactylon Pers. Indian J Exp Biol 2008;46:660-7.
  • Havas M. Electromagnetic hypersensitivity: biological effects of dirty electricity with emphasis on diabetes and multiple sclerosis. Electromagn Biol Med 2006;25:259-68. [CrossRef]
  • Havas M. Dirty electricity elevates blood sugar among electrically sensitive diabetics and may explain brittle diabetes. Electromagn Biol Med 2008;27:135-46. [CrossRef]
  • Eghdami A, Piry H, Jafari H, Sirati M, Jahani Hashemi H, Khab- baz F. Effect of Electromagnetic Field on Male Diabetic Bulb/C Mice Induced by Streptozocin (STZ). Supplementary issue, Vol. 36, No.1, 2007.
  • Sakurai T, Satake A, Sumi S, Inoue K, Miyakoshi J. An extremely low frequency magnetic field attenuates insulin secretion from the insulinoma cell line, RIN-m. Bioelectromagnetics 2004;25:160-6. [CrossRef]
  • Graak V, Chaudhary S, Bal BS, Sandhu JS. Evaluation of the ef- ficacy of pulsed electromagnetic field in the management of patients with diabetic polyneuropathy. Int J Diabetes Dev Ctries 2009;29:56-61. [CrossRef]

Comparative and Mixture Effect of Cynodon Dactylon, ElectroMagnetic Field and Insulin on Diabetic Mouse

Year 2012, Volume: 2012 Issue: 4, 345 - 348, 01.04.2012
https://doi.org/10.5152/balkanmedj.2012.091

Abstract

References

  • Pandikumar P, Babu NP, Ignacimuthu S. Hypoglycemic and an- tihyperglycemic effect of Begonia malabarica Lam. in normal and streptozotocin induced diabetic rats. J Ethnopharmacol 2009;124:111-5. [CrossRef]
  • Li F, Zhang Y, Zhong Z. Antihyperglycemic effect of ganoderma lucidum polysaccharides on streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice. Int J Mol Sci 2011;12:6135-45. [CrossRef]
  • Wang L, Zhang XT, Zhang HY, Yao HY, Zhang H. Effect of Vac- cinium bracteatum Thunb. leaves extract on blood glucose and plasma lipid levels in streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice. J Ethnopharmacol 2010;130:465-9. [CrossRef]
  • Sieroń A, Brus H, Konecki J, Cieślar G, Szkilnik R, Nowak P, et al. Effect of Low Frequency Electromagnetic Fields on [3H]Glucose Uptake in Rat Tissues. Polish J of Environ Stud 2007;16:309-12.
  • Chen XH, Bai X, Liu YH, Tian LY, Zhou JQ, Zhou Q. Anti-diabetic effects of water extract and crude polysaccharides from tuberous root of Liriope spicata var. prolifera in mice. J Ethnopharmacol 2009;122:205-9. [CrossRef]
  • Gray AM, Abdel-Wahab YH, Flatt PR. The traditional plant treat- ment, Sambucus nigra (elder), exhibits insulin-like and insulin- releasing actions in vitro. J Nutr 2000;130:15-20.
  • Singh SK, Kesari AN, Gupta RK, Jaiswal D, Watal G. Assessment of antidiabetic potential of Cynodon dactylon extract in streptozoto- cin diabetic rats. J Ethnopharmacol 2007;114:174-9. [CrossRef]
  • Shabi MM, Gayathri K, Venkalakshmi R, Sasikala C. Chemical constituents of hydro alcoholic extract and phenolic fraction of Cynodon dactylon. Int J Chem Tech Res 2010;2:149-54.
  • Sakurai T, Yoshimoto M, Koyama S, Miyakoshi J. Exposure to ex- tremely low frequency magnetic fields affects insulin-secreting cells. Bioelectromagnetics 2008;29:118-24. [CrossRef]
  • Ocal I, Kalkan T, Günay İ, Effects of alternating magnetic field on the metabolism of the healthy and diabetic organisms. Braz Arch Biol Technol 2008;51:523-30.
  • Kawai N, Stummer W, Ennis SR, Betz AL, Keep RF. Blood-brain barrier glutamine transport during normoglycemic and hyper- glycemic focal cerebral ischemia. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 1999;19:79-86. [CrossRef]
  • Park EJ, Dodds J, Smith NB. Dose comparison of ultrasonic trans- dermal insulin delivery to subcutaneous insulin injection. Int J Nanomedicine 2008;3:335-41.
  • Kirtikar KK, Basu BD, Indian Medicinal Plants. 2nd edition, Lalit Mohan Publication, India, 1980;2650.
  • Nafisi S, Asghari MH, Mohammad Nezhady MA., Ekhtiari MS. Pos- sible antidiabetic effect of peganum harmala on streptozocine- induced mouse. World Applied Sciences Journal 2011;14:822-4.
  • Chattopadhyay RR, Sarkar SK, Ganguly S, Banerjee RN, Basu TK. Hypoglycemic and antihyperglycemic effect of leaves of Vinca rosea linn. Indian J Physiol Pharmacol 1991;35:145-51.
  • Jarald EE, Joshi SB, Jain DC. Antidiabetic activity of aqueous ex- tract and non polysaccharide fraction of Cynodon dactylon Pers. Indian J Exp Biol 2008;46:660-7.
  • Havas M. Electromagnetic hypersensitivity: biological effects of dirty electricity with emphasis on diabetes and multiple sclerosis. Electromagn Biol Med 2006;25:259-68. [CrossRef]
  • Havas M. Dirty electricity elevates blood sugar among electrically sensitive diabetics and may explain brittle diabetes. Electromagn Biol Med 2008;27:135-46. [CrossRef]
  • Eghdami A, Piry H, Jafari H, Sirati M, Jahani Hashemi H, Khab- baz F. Effect of Electromagnetic Field on Male Diabetic Bulb/C Mice Induced by Streptozocin (STZ). Supplementary issue, Vol. 36, No.1, 2007.
  • Sakurai T, Satake A, Sumi S, Inoue K, Miyakoshi J. An extremely low frequency magnetic field attenuates insulin secretion from the insulinoma cell line, RIN-m. Bioelectromagnetics 2004;25:160-6. [CrossRef]
  • Graak V, Chaudhary S, Bal BS, Sandhu JS. Evaluation of the ef- ficacy of pulsed electromagnetic field in the management of patients with diabetic polyneuropathy. Int J Diabetes Dev Ctries 2009;29:56-61. [CrossRef]
There are 21 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Health Care Administration
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Saeid Nafisi This is me

Mohammad Ali Mohammad Nezhady This is me

Mohammad Hossein Asghari This is me

Publication Date April 1, 2012
Published in Issue Year 2012 Volume: 2012 Issue: 4

Cite

APA Nafisi, S., Nezhady, M. A. M., & Asghari, M. H. (2012). Comparative and Mixture Effect of Cynodon Dactylon, ElectroMagnetic Field and Insulin on Diabetic Mouse. Balkan Medical Journal, 2012(4), 345-348. https://doi.org/10.5152/balkanmedj.2012.091
AMA Nafisi S, Nezhady MAM, Asghari MH. Comparative and Mixture Effect of Cynodon Dactylon, ElectroMagnetic Field and Insulin on Diabetic Mouse. Balkan Medical Journal. April 2012;2012(4):345-348. doi:10.5152/balkanmedj.2012.091
Chicago Nafisi, Saeid, Mohammad Ali Mohammad Nezhady, and Mohammad Hossein Asghari. “Comparative and Mixture Effect of Cynodon Dactylon, ElectroMagnetic Field and Insulin on Diabetic Mouse”. Balkan Medical Journal 2012, no. 4 (April 2012): 345-48. https://doi.org/10.5152/balkanmedj.2012.091.
EndNote Nafisi S, Nezhady MAM, Asghari MH (April 1, 2012) Comparative and Mixture Effect of Cynodon Dactylon, ElectroMagnetic Field and Insulin on Diabetic Mouse. Balkan Medical Journal 2012 4 345–348.
IEEE S. Nafisi, M. A. M. Nezhady, and M. H. Asghari, “Comparative and Mixture Effect of Cynodon Dactylon, ElectroMagnetic Field and Insulin on Diabetic Mouse”, Balkan Medical Journal, vol. 2012, no. 4, pp. 345–348, 2012, doi: 10.5152/balkanmedj.2012.091.
ISNAD Nafisi, Saeid et al. “Comparative and Mixture Effect of Cynodon Dactylon, ElectroMagnetic Field and Insulin on Diabetic Mouse”. Balkan Medical Journal 2012/4 (April 2012), 345-348. https://doi.org/10.5152/balkanmedj.2012.091.
JAMA Nafisi S, Nezhady MAM, Asghari MH. Comparative and Mixture Effect of Cynodon Dactylon, ElectroMagnetic Field and Insulin on Diabetic Mouse. Balkan Medical Journal. 2012;2012:345–348.
MLA Nafisi, Saeid et al. “Comparative and Mixture Effect of Cynodon Dactylon, ElectroMagnetic Field and Insulin on Diabetic Mouse”. Balkan Medical Journal, vol. 2012, no. 4, 2012, pp. 345-8, doi:10.5152/balkanmedj.2012.091.
Vancouver Nafisi S, Nezhady MAM, Asghari MH. Comparative and Mixture Effect of Cynodon Dactylon, ElectroMagnetic Field and Insulin on Diabetic Mouse. Balkan Medical Journal. 2012;2012(4):345-8.