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The Effect of Eccentric Exercise-Induced Delayed-Onset Muscle Soreness on Positioning Sense and Shooting Percentage in Wheelchair Basketball Players

Year 2013, Volume: 2013 Issue: 4, 382 - 386, 01.04.2013
https://doi.org/10.5152/balkanmedj.2013.007

Abstract

Background: Eccentric exercise is defined as a type of exercise in which the muscle produces power by extending. In contrast to isometric and concentric exercises, eccentric muscle activity is much more effective mechanically; however, it may expose the muscle to soreness. Delayed-Onset Muscle Soreness (DOMS) emerges a couple of hours after an eccentric activity, especially in individuals who are not used to this kind of exercise, and causes a temporary decrease in muscle performance, joint movement angle and muscle power, and also a temporary increase in the blood creatine kinase (CK) activity. Aims: This study investigates the effect of DOMS on the upper extremities motor performance by conducting an eccentric exercise load on the elbow flexor muscles. Study design: Cross sectional study. Methods: The study included 10 wheelchair basketball players. First, the participants underwent blood CK activity, positioning sense, muscle pain, shooting performance measurements tests at the base, and after 30 minutes and 24 and 48 hours. Then, one week later, the one-repetition-maximums of biceps curls were determined in order to define the intensity of the eccentric exercise. An eccentric exercise protocol which would cause DOMS was applied to all players. All tests were replaced with acute exhaustive eccentric exercise; the same tests were repeated in the same order after the exercise. Blood CK activity was measured by taking an earlobe capillary blood sample. The muscle pain level was measured by using a Visual Analogue Scale (VAS). Positioning sense loss was assessed via goniometer at 30º, 60º and 90º degrees horizontally. Results: The study found a statistically significant increase in blood CK activity and positioning sense loss, and a decrease in the pressure-pain threshold, as well as the shooting percentages in the exercise group when compared with the control. Conclusion: These findings suggest that DOMS negatively affects the upper extremities motor performance of wheelchair basketball players at least 48 hours after eccentric exercise. Turkish Başlık:Tekerlekli Sandalye Basketbolcularında Eksantrik Egzersiz Sonrasında Oluşan Gecikmiş Kas Ağrısının Pozisyon Hissi Ve Şut Yüzdesi Üzerine Etkisi Anahtar Kelimeler:Gecikmiş kas ağrısı, tekerlekli sandalye basketbolu, pozisyon hissi, şut yüzdesi Arkaplan: Eksantrik egzersiz, kasın uzayarak güç ürettiği bir egzersiz çeşidi olarak tanımlanmıştır. İzometrik ve konsantrik egzersize göre eksantrik kas aktivitesi mekanik olarak daha etkilidir; ancak kası yaralanmaya maruz bırakabilir. Gecikmiş kas ağrısı (GKA) özellikle bireyin alışkın olmadığı eksantrik aktiviteden birkaç saat sonra ortaya çıkar, kas performansında, eklem hareket açıklığında ve kas gücünde azalmaya, kas şişkinliğine ve plazma kreatin kinaz (CK) aktivitesinde geçici bir artışa neden olur. Literatürde tekerlekli sandalye basketbolcularında GKA ile ilgili herhangi bir çalışmaya rastlanmamıştır. Amaç: Bu çalışmada, dirsek fleksör kaslarına eksantrik egzersiz yüklemesi yapılarak üst ektremite motor performansı üzerine GKA'nın etkisi araştırılmıştır. Çalışma Tasarımı: Kesitsel araştırma Yöntemler: Çalışmamıza 10 tekerlekli sandalye basketbol oyuncusu (yaş ortalaması:32,6±7,61) dahil edildi. Bütün sporculardan ilk gün sırasıyla plazma CK aktivitesi ölçümü için kapiller kan örneği alındı, sonra kol çevresi ölçümü, eklem hareket açıklığı, pozisyon hissi, kas ağrısı, kas hassasiyeti ve şut yüzdesi ölçümleri yapıldı. Bu testlerin 30 dakika (dk.) sonrasında, 24 saat ve 48 saat sonrasında aynı ölçümler aynı sıra ile tekrarlandı. Bir hafta sonra sporculara aynı ölçümler tekrarlandı. Aynı gün, eksantrik egzersizin şiddetini belirlemek için bütün sporcuların 1 Tekrarlı Maksimumu belirlendi. GKA oluşturacak eksantrik egzersiz protokolü bütün sporculara uygulandı. Testler egzersizin 30 dk. sonrası, 24 ve 48 saat sonrası yinelendi. Plazma CK kulak memesinden 30 µl kan örneği alınarak ölçülmüştür. Sporcuların kas ağrı şiddetini belirlemek için görsel analog skalası kullanılmıştır. Pozisyon hissi kaybı gonyometre ile 30º, 60º ve 90º açılarda degrees yatay olarak ölçülmüştür. Bulgular: Çalışma sonucunda, eksantrik egzersiz protokolü sonrasında plazma CK aktivitesinde, kol çevre ölçümünde, kas palpasyonunda ve izometrik gerilimde kas ağrısında ve pozisyon hissi kaybında anlamlı artış, dirsek eklemi fleksiyon ve ekstansiyon açısında, basınç-ağrı eşiğinde ve sporcuların şut yüzdesinde istatistiksel olarak anlamlı azalma belirlendi. İstirahat pozisyonundaki kas ağrısında ve üst ektremite istirahat pozisyonu açısında anlamlı fark saptanmadı. Sonuç: Bu bulgular, GKA'nın tekerlekli sandalye basketbolcularının üst ekstremite motor performansını olumsuz etkilediğini göstermektedir.

References

  • Barnes PM. Exercise-Induced muscle soreness following high intensity eccentric weightlifting. Master of Science in Physical Education. Health and Human Services California State University, California, 1996.
  • Clarkson PM, Nosaka K, Braun B. Muscle function after exerciseinduced muscle damage and rapid adaptation. Med Sci Sports Exerc 1992;24:512-20. [CrossRef]
  • Enoka RM. Eccentric contractions require unique activation strategies by the nervous system. J Appl Physiol 1996;81:2339-46.
  • Zainuddin Z, Newton M, Sacco P, Nasoka K. Effects of massage on delayed-onset muscle soreness, swelling and recovery of muscle function. J Athl Trai 2005;40:174-80.
  • Howatson G, Van Someren KA. Ice massage: Effects on exercise-induced muscle damage. J of Sports Med Phys Fitness 2003;43:500-5.
  • Kaurenen K, Siira P, Vanharanga H. Delayed-onset muscle soreness and motor performance of the upper extremity. Eur J Appl Physiol 2001;84:302-9. [CrossRef]
  • Curtis KA, Drysdale GA, Lanza D, Kolber M. Shoulder pain in wheelchair users with tetraplegia and paraplegia. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 1999;80:453-7. [CrossRef]
  • Ferrara M S, Peterson CL. Injuries to athletes with disabilities. Sports Med 2000;30:137-43. [CrossRef]
  • IWBF Player Classification Commission. A Guide to the IWBF Functional Classification System for Wheelchair Basketball Players, December 2004:4-9.
  • Hİrder M, Jİrgensen PJ, Hafkenscheid JC, Carstensen CA, Bachmann C, Bauer K. Creatine kinase determination: a European evaluation of the creatine kinase determination in serum, plasma and whole blood with the Reflotron system. Eur J Clin Chem Clin Biochem 1991;29:691-6.
  • Brockett C, Warren N, Gregory JE, Morgan DL, Proske U. A comparison of the effects of concentric versus eccentric exercise on force and position sense at the human elbow joint. Brain Res 1997;771:251-8. [CrossRef]
  • Vincent HK, Carlson C, Hyatt JP, Yihua L, Vincent KR. Alterations in bilateral force judgment following strenuous eccentric exercise. Res Q Exerc Sport 2000;71:340-8. [CrossRef]
  • Baechle TR, Earle RW. Essentials of strength training and conditioning. 2nd ed. Human Kinetics, Champaign 2000.
  • Micklewright D. The effect of soft tissue release on delayed onset muscle soreness: A pilot study. Phys Ther Sport 2009;10:19-24. [CrossRef]
  • WJ Conover. Practical Nonparametric Statistics 2ed p:300-302, Wiley&Sons 1980
  • Howatson G, Van Someren KA. The prevention and treatment of exercise-induced muscle damage. Sports Med 2008;38:483-503 [CrossRef]
  • Warren GL, Lowe DA, Armstrong RB. Measurement tools used in the study of eccentric contraction-induced injury. Sports Med 1999;27:43-59. [CrossRef]
  • Chapireau F, Colvez A. Social disadvantage in the international classification of impairments, disabilities and handicap. Pergamon 1998;47:59-66.
  • Stohr H, Zimmer M. Wheelchair basketball from the orthopedic viewpoint. Sportverletz Sportschaden 1997;11:109-15.
  • Burnham RS, Higgins J, Steadward RD. Wheelchair basketball injury. Palaestra 1994:10:43-9.
  • Owen E. Playing and coaching wheelchair basketball. Urbana, IL: University of Illinois Press, 1982;35-40.
  • Saxton JM, Clarkson PM, James R, Miles M, Westerfer M, Clark S, et al. Neuromuscular dysfunction following eccentric exercise. Med Sci Sports Exerc 1995;27:1185-93. [CrossRef]
  • Walsh LD, Hesse CW, Morgan DL, Proske U. Human forearm position sense after fatigue of elbow flexor muscles. J Physiol 2004;558:705-15. [CrossRef
  • Malone L, Nielsen A, Steadward R. Expanding the dichotomous outcome in wheelchair basketball shooting of elite male players. Adapt Phys Activ Q 2000;17:437-49.
  • Friden J, Lieber RL. Eccentric exercise-induced injuries to contractile and cytoskeletal muscle fibre components. Acta Physiol Scand 2001;171:321-6. [CrossRef]

The Effect of Eccentric Exercise-Induced Delayed-Onset Muscle Soreness on Positioning Sense and Shooting Percentage in Wheelchair Basketball Players

Year 2013, Volume: 2013 Issue: 4, 382 - 386, 01.04.2013
https://doi.org/10.5152/balkanmedj.2013.007

Abstract

References

  • Barnes PM. Exercise-Induced muscle soreness following high intensity eccentric weightlifting. Master of Science in Physical Education. Health and Human Services California State University, California, 1996.
  • Clarkson PM, Nosaka K, Braun B. Muscle function after exerciseinduced muscle damage and rapid adaptation. Med Sci Sports Exerc 1992;24:512-20. [CrossRef]
  • Enoka RM. Eccentric contractions require unique activation strategies by the nervous system. J Appl Physiol 1996;81:2339-46.
  • Zainuddin Z, Newton M, Sacco P, Nasoka K. Effects of massage on delayed-onset muscle soreness, swelling and recovery of muscle function. J Athl Trai 2005;40:174-80.
  • Howatson G, Van Someren KA. Ice massage: Effects on exercise-induced muscle damage. J of Sports Med Phys Fitness 2003;43:500-5.
  • Kaurenen K, Siira P, Vanharanga H. Delayed-onset muscle soreness and motor performance of the upper extremity. Eur J Appl Physiol 2001;84:302-9. [CrossRef]
  • Curtis KA, Drysdale GA, Lanza D, Kolber M. Shoulder pain in wheelchair users with tetraplegia and paraplegia. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 1999;80:453-7. [CrossRef]
  • Ferrara M S, Peterson CL. Injuries to athletes with disabilities. Sports Med 2000;30:137-43. [CrossRef]
  • IWBF Player Classification Commission. A Guide to the IWBF Functional Classification System for Wheelchair Basketball Players, December 2004:4-9.
  • Hİrder M, Jİrgensen PJ, Hafkenscheid JC, Carstensen CA, Bachmann C, Bauer K. Creatine kinase determination: a European evaluation of the creatine kinase determination in serum, plasma and whole blood with the Reflotron system. Eur J Clin Chem Clin Biochem 1991;29:691-6.
  • Brockett C, Warren N, Gregory JE, Morgan DL, Proske U. A comparison of the effects of concentric versus eccentric exercise on force and position sense at the human elbow joint. Brain Res 1997;771:251-8. [CrossRef]
  • Vincent HK, Carlson C, Hyatt JP, Yihua L, Vincent KR. Alterations in bilateral force judgment following strenuous eccentric exercise. Res Q Exerc Sport 2000;71:340-8. [CrossRef]
  • Baechle TR, Earle RW. Essentials of strength training and conditioning. 2nd ed. Human Kinetics, Champaign 2000.
  • Micklewright D. The effect of soft tissue release on delayed onset muscle soreness: A pilot study. Phys Ther Sport 2009;10:19-24. [CrossRef]
  • WJ Conover. Practical Nonparametric Statistics 2ed p:300-302, Wiley&Sons 1980
  • Howatson G, Van Someren KA. The prevention and treatment of exercise-induced muscle damage. Sports Med 2008;38:483-503 [CrossRef]
  • Warren GL, Lowe DA, Armstrong RB. Measurement tools used in the study of eccentric contraction-induced injury. Sports Med 1999;27:43-59. [CrossRef]
  • Chapireau F, Colvez A. Social disadvantage in the international classification of impairments, disabilities and handicap. Pergamon 1998;47:59-66.
  • Stohr H, Zimmer M. Wheelchair basketball from the orthopedic viewpoint. Sportverletz Sportschaden 1997;11:109-15.
  • Burnham RS, Higgins J, Steadward RD. Wheelchair basketball injury. Palaestra 1994:10:43-9.
  • Owen E. Playing and coaching wheelchair basketball. Urbana, IL: University of Illinois Press, 1982;35-40.
  • Saxton JM, Clarkson PM, James R, Miles M, Westerfer M, Clark S, et al. Neuromuscular dysfunction following eccentric exercise. Med Sci Sports Exerc 1995;27:1185-93. [CrossRef]
  • Walsh LD, Hesse CW, Morgan DL, Proske U. Human forearm position sense after fatigue of elbow flexor muscles. J Physiol 2004;558:705-15. [CrossRef
  • Malone L, Nielsen A, Steadward R. Expanding the dichotomous outcome in wheelchair basketball shooting of elite male players. Adapt Phys Activ Q 2000;17:437-49.
  • Friden J, Lieber RL. Eccentric exercise-induced injuries to contractile and cytoskeletal muscle fibre components. Acta Physiol Scand 2001;171:321-6. [CrossRef]
There are 25 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Health Care Administration
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Mehmet Akif Serinken This is me

Celal Gençoğlu This is me

Berkant Muammer Kayatekin This is me

Publication Date April 1, 2013
Published in Issue Year 2013 Volume: 2013 Issue: 4

Cite

APA Serinken, M. A., Gençoğlu, C., & Kayatekin, B. M. (2013). The Effect of Eccentric Exercise-Induced Delayed-Onset Muscle Soreness on Positioning Sense and Shooting Percentage in Wheelchair Basketball Players. Balkan Medical Journal, 2013(4), 382-386. https://doi.org/10.5152/balkanmedj.2013.007
AMA Serinken MA, Gençoğlu C, Kayatekin BM. The Effect of Eccentric Exercise-Induced Delayed-Onset Muscle Soreness on Positioning Sense and Shooting Percentage in Wheelchair Basketball Players. Balkan Medical Journal. April 2013;2013(4):382-386. doi:10.5152/balkanmedj.2013.007
Chicago Serinken, Mehmet Akif, Celal Gençoğlu, and Berkant Muammer Kayatekin. “The Effect of Eccentric Exercise-Induced Delayed-Onset Muscle Soreness on Positioning Sense and Shooting Percentage in Wheelchair Basketball Players”. Balkan Medical Journal 2013, no. 4 (April 2013): 382-86. https://doi.org/10.5152/balkanmedj.2013.007.
EndNote Serinken MA, Gençoğlu C, Kayatekin BM (April 1, 2013) The Effect of Eccentric Exercise-Induced Delayed-Onset Muscle Soreness on Positioning Sense and Shooting Percentage in Wheelchair Basketball Players. Balkan Medical Journal 2013 4 382–386.
IEEE M. A. Serinken, C. Gençoğlu, and B. M. Kayatekin, “The Effect of Eccentric Exercise-Induced Delayed-Onset Muscle Soreness on Positioning Sense and Shooting Percentage in Wheelchair Basketball Players”, Balkan Medical Journal, vol. 2013, no. 4, pp. 382–386, 2013, doi: 10.5152/balkanmedj.2013.007.
ISNAD Serinken, Mehmet Akif et al. “The Effect of Eccentric Exercise-Induced Delayed-Onset Muscle Soreness on Positioning Sense and Shooting Percentage in Wheelchair Basketball Players”. Balkan Medical Journal 2013/4 (April 2013), 382-386. https://doi.org/10.5152/balkanmedj.2013.007.
JAMA Serinken MA, Gençoğlu C, Kayatekin BM. The Effect of Eccentric Exercise-Induced Delayed-Onset Muscle Soreness on Positioning Sense and Shooting Percentage in Wheelchair Basketball Players. Balkan Medical Journal. 2013;2013:382–386.
MLA Serinken, Mehmet Akif et al. “The Effect of Eccentric Exercise-Induced Delayed-Onset Muscle Soreness on Positioning Sense and Shooting Percentage in Wheelchair Basketball Players”. Balkan Medical Journal, vol. 2013, no. 4, 2013, pp. 382-6, doi:10.5152/balkanmedj.2013.007.
Vancouver Serinken MA, Gençoğlu C, Kayatekin BM. The Effect of Eccentric Exercise-Induced Delayed-Onset Muscle Soreness on Positioning Sense and Shooting Percentage in Wheelchair Basketball Players. Balkan Medical Journal. 2013;2013(4):382-6.