Mimaride Sürdürülebilir Malzeme “Bambu”

Year 2022, Volume: 1 Issue: 1, 77 - 94, 08.02.2022

Özlem Aydın Didem Bayraktar Marangoz

Abstract

Günümüzde çevresel sorunların artmasında etkili sayılan yapılaşmanın meydana getirdiği olumsuzlukları ortadan kaldırmak ya da en aza indirmek için ekolojik malzeme kullanımı gün geçtikçe önem kazanmaya başlamıştır. Yapıların çevresel etkilerini azaltmak için sürdürülebilirlik anlayışı içinde ekolojik özelliklerde malzeme kullanımı bu olumsuz etkinin azaltılmasına olanak sağlamaktadır. Bu bağlamda yapılı çevrelerin oluşturulmasında ekolojik mimarlık anlayışı, gün geçtikçe gelişen teknolojiyle birlikte varlığını göstermektedir. Bu çalışma, yeşil çelik olarak adlandırılan ve sürdürülebilir mimarilerin oluşturulmasında son yıllarda dikkat çekici bir malzeme olma eğiliminde olan bambunun, sürdürülebilir malzeme olmasının sağladığı avantajlar ile mimarideki kullanımının önemini ortaya koymayı amaçlamıştır. Yapılan çalışmada sürdürülebilir mimarlık anlayışı içinde literatürde yer almış farklı işlevlere sahip 10 adet bambu yapı örneği analiz edilmiştir. İncelenen örneklerde bambunun yapı malzemesi ve elemanı olarak yapılarda hangi amaçla ve nerelerde kullanıldığı irdelenmiştir. Yapılan analizlerde bambunun sahip olduğu mekanik ve fiziksel özelliklerinin, teknolojik gelişmelere bağlı oluşturulan teknik detaylarla birlikte farklı form ve konstrüksiyonlarda kullanıldığı gözlemlenmiştir. Sürdürülebilir ve ekolojik malzemeler arasında yer alan bambunun gelişen teknoloji ile birlikte mimaride kullanımı gün geçtikçe artarken, yapı-yaşam döngüsünün her aşamasında enerjiyi az ve verimli kullanarak çevresel ve ekonomik sürdürülebilirliğe de önemli katkı sağlamaktadır.

Keywords

Bambu, Bambu Mimarisi, Sürdürülebilir Mimari, Ekolojik Malzeme

Bamboo as a Sustainable Material in Architecture

Abstract

The use of ecological materials has started to gain importance day by day to eliminate or minimize the negativities caused by the construction, which is considered effective in the increase of environmental problems today. To reduce the environmental effects of buildings the use of materials with ecological properties within the understanding of sustainability allows this negative effect to be reduced. In this context, the understanding of ecological architecture in the creation of built environments shows its existence with the developing technology day by day. This study aimed to reveal the importance of bamboo, which is called green steel and which tends to be a remarkable material in the creation of sustainable architectures in recent years, with the advantages of being a sustainable material and its use in architecture. In the study, 10 examples of bamboo structures with different functions that took place in the literature within the understanding of sustainable architecture were analyzed. In the examples, it has been examined for what purpose and where bamboo is used as a building material and element in buildings. In the analyzes, it has been observed that the mechanical and physical properties of bamboo are used in different forms and constructions together with the technical details created due to technological developments. While the use of bamboo, which is among the sustainable and ecological materials, in architecture, is increasing day by day with the developing technology, it also makes a significant contribution to environmental and economic sustainability by using energy less and efficiently at every stage of the building life cycle.

Keywords

Bamboo, Bamboo Architecture, Sustainable Architecture, Ecological Material

References

• Akwada, D. R., Akinlabi, E. T. (2016). Economic, social and environmental assessment of bamboo for infrastructure development. 5th International Conference on Infrastructure Development in Africa, South Africa, (1-12).
• ArchDaily. (2010, October 28). Passive house / Karawitz architecture. ArchDaily. https://www.archdaily.com/84165/passive-house-karawitz-architecture (09.09.2020).
• ArchDaily. (2012, December 20). Low Energy Bamboo House / AST 77 Architecten. ArchDaily. https://www.archdaily.com/306183/low-energy-bamboo-house-ast-77-architecten (05.02.2021)
• ArchDaily. (2013a, June 27). Kontum Indochine Café / Vo Trong Nghia Architects. ArchDaily. https://www.archdaily.com/392710/kontum-indochine-cafe-vo-trong-nghia-architects (02.01.2018).
• ArchDaily. (2013b, September 26). Bb Home / H&P Architects. ArchDaily. https://www.archdaily.com/431271/bb-home-h-and-p-architect,BbHome/ (09.09.2020).
• Arslan H. D., Gülşeker, E. (2018). Evaluation of sustainable education buildings on samples. S. Fırat, J. Knithia, A. Abu-Tair (Eds.), Proceeding of 3th International Sustainable Buildings Symposium (ISBS 2017), 1(6), (pp. 296-308). Springer International Publising AG, ISNB: 978-3-319-63709-9.
• Bamboo Import Europe. (2016, November 15). Mechanical Properties for Bamboo. Bambooimport. https://www.bambooimport.com/en/what-are-the-mechanical-properties-of-bamboo (15.11.2020).
• Bamboogrove. Bamboo Benefits. Bamboogrove. https://www.bamboogrove.com/bamboo-benefits.html (11.03.2021).
• BambuBuild. (2021, July 11). The durability of bamboo. BambuBuild. http://bambubuild.com/en/the-durability-of-bamboo/ (11.07.2021).
• Bambum. Neden Bambu? Bambum. http://www.bambum.com.tr/bambu/neden-bambu/ (11.03.2021).
• Bilgiç, B. (2017, February 10). Bambu Bahçe. Arkitera. http://www.arkitera.com/haber/28222/bambu (10.02.2021).
• Block, I. (2019, September 05). Zuo Studio builds arching bamboo pavilion over water in Taiwan. Dezeen. https://www.dezeen.com/2019/09/05/bamboo-pavilion-zuo-studio-taiwan/ (11.10.2021).
• Castro, F. (2019, December 28). The millenium bridge/IBUKU. ArchDaily. https://www.archdaily.com/884632/the-millenium-bridge-ibuku (02.01.2018).
• Castro, F. (2021, September 05). Bamboo sports hall for panyaden ınternational school / chiangmai life construction. ArchDaily. https://www.archdaily.com/877165/bamboo-sports-hall-for-panyaden-international-school-chiangmai-life-construction (05.10.2021).
• Cole, R. J., Kernan, P. C. (1996). Life-cycle energy use in office buildings. Building and Environment, 31, 307-317.
• Davis, A. (2013, September 25). Blooming bamboo home by H&P Architects. Dezeen. https://www.dezeen.com/2013/09/25/blooming-bamboo-house-by-h-and-p (09.09.2020).
• Erdoğmuş, İ. (2005). Yapıda kullanılan malzemenin sürdürülebilirlik kapsamında oluşum enerjisi açısından incelenmesi [Yüksek Lisans Tezi, İstanbul Teknik Üniversitesi].
• Frearson, A. (2015, October 19). Penda unveils vision for bamboo city made from interlocking modular components. Dezeen. https://www.dezeen.com/2015/10/19/penda-future-vision-for-bamboo-city-interlocking-modular-components/ (10.02.2021).
• Gezer, H. (2012). Malzemenin gizil güçlerinin mimariye katkısı. İstanbul Ticaret Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Dergisi, 201(2), 97-118.
• Hsuing, W. (1986). Research and development of production and utilization. XVIII. IUFRO World Congress, Bamboo Production and Utilization, (4-10), Ljubljana, Yugoslavia.
• Janssen, J. (2000). Designing and building with bamboo. Technical Report No: 20, Technical University of Eindhoven, The Netherlands.
• Karadayı, T., Yüksel İ., Tunçbiz, İ. (2017). İlkokul Binalarının Ekolojik Açıdan İyileştirilmesi: İstanbul Tuzla Tapduk Emre İlkokulu Örneği. Mehmet Akif Ersoy Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi 8(1), 22-33.
• Karahan, A., Öktem, T., Seventekin, N. (2006). Doğal bambu lifleri. Tekstil ve Konfeksiyon, 16(4), 236-240.
• Karahasan, Z. (2020, December 20). Küçük Köyün Çağdaş Tasarımlı Bambu Yapıları. Yeşil Odak. https://www.yesilodak.com/kucuk-koyun-cagdas-tasarimli-bambu-yapilari (13.04.2020).
• Kaminski, S., Lawrence A. and Trujillo, D. (2016). Structural use of bamboo. Part 1: Introduction to bamboo. The Structural Engineer, 94(8), 40-43.
• Kampinga, C. A. (2015). Bamboo, the building material of the future!: An experimental research on glueless lamination of bamboo [Master Thesis, Delf University of Technology]. http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:7e094c1f-342d-4b6d-a62a-aa4ae6783953 (06.11.2021).
• Krawczuk, K. (2013). Bamboo as sustainable material for future building industry. 7th Semester Bachelor Dissertation, Bachelor of Architectural Technology and Construction Management, KEA, Denmark.
• Kuma, K. (2019, January 28). Bamboo house commune by the great wall / Kengo Kuma & associates. Archeyes. https://archeyes.com/commune-great-bamboo-wall-kengo-kuma-associates/ (08.04.2020).
• Liese, W. (1985). Bamboos-Biology. Silvics, Properties, Utilization, Deutsches Gesellschaft fur Technische Zusammenarbeit (GTZ) G.m.b.H., Eschborn, Germany.
• Liese, W. (1986). Characterization and utilization of bamboo. XXIII IUFRO World Congress, Proceedings of The Production and Utilization of Bamboo and Related Species, (11-16), Ljubljana, Yugoslavia.
• Mutti, R. (2013, February 12). Bamboo house. Klatmagazine. https://www.klatmagazine.com/en/architecture-en/bamboo-house-necessary-132/41510 (02.01.2018).
• Noto, D. (2013, June 4). The man who went ‘bamboo’. The City Paper. https://thecitypaperbogota.com/features/the-man-who-went bamboo/3890 (5.04.2021).
• Nowak, M. A. ve Ansari, I. (2013). Bambooklet: A Guide to Bamboo, Subtropical Cities: Design Interventions for Changing Climates. Association of Collegiate Schools of Architecture (ACSA), Fort Lauderdale, USA.
• Numata, M. (1979). The ecology of Grasland and Bambooland in the World. Dr. W. Junk bv Publishers the Hague, Boston, London.
• Rogers, S. A. (2017, August 14). Bold bamboo: 8 dramatic organic structures by chiangmai life architects. Weburbanist. https://weburbanist.com/2017/08/14/bold-bamboo-8-dramatic-organic-structures-by-chiangmai-life-architects/ (02.01.2018).
• Shuang, H. (2018, December 28). Bamboo pavilion /ZUO STUDIO. ArchDaily. https://www.archdaily.com/905690/bamboo-pavilion-zuo-studio (10.10.2020).
• Tekin, Ç. (2012). Enerji etkin yapılarda malzeme kullanımı. Yeşil Bina Sürdürülebilir Yapı Teknolojileri Dergisi, 14, 46-52.
• Toksoy, D., Var, M. (2002). Karadeniz Bölgesinde çay tarımında yaşanan sorunların çözümünde alternatif bir ürün olarak bambu. Artvin Orman Fakültesi Dergisi, 1, 72-79.
• Traditional Thai house. (2013, October 04). In Wikipedia. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Traditional_Thai_house (20.05.2021).
• Uchimura, E. (1978). The ecological distribution and characteristic of some Philippine bamboos. Bulletin of Forestry and Forest Products Research Institue, 301, 118-131.
• Uchimura, E. (1986). The Present State and Prospect of Bamboo Resorces in Japan. XVIII, IUFRO World Congress, Ljubljana, Yugoslavia, Bamboo Production and Utilization, 89-93.
• Vietnam Heritage. (2011, July). An ancient bamboo house and its loyal inhabitants. Vietnam Heritage. http://vietnamheritage.com.vn/an-ancient-bamboo-house-and-its-loyal-inhabitants/ (30.12.2021).
• Watanabe, M. (1986). A proposal on the life from of bamboos and the ecological typification of bamboo forests. XVIII IUFRO (International Union of Forestry Research Organization) World Congress, Ljubljana, Yugoslavia, Bamboo Production and Utilization, 94-98.
• Wong, K. (2004). Bamboo The Amazing Grass. University of Malaya, International Plant Genetic Resources Institute (IPGRI), Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
• Zeri. (2014, 11 August). ZERI Pavilion for EXPO 2000. Zeri Foundation. http://www.zeri.org/ZERI/Home_files/ZERI%20PAVILION%202012.pdf (10.02.2021).