Şeftali ağacında yaprak büyümesi sırasında yaprak hücre fizyolojisi ve klorofil biyosentezindeki değişiklikler

Year 2022, Volume: 1 Issue: 2, 143 - 147, 13.12.2022

Servet Aras

Abstract

Şeftali ağacında yaprak büyümesinin yaprak hücre fizyolojisi ve klorofil biyosentezi üzerindeki etkileri değerlendirilmiştir. Garnem üzerine aşılı Rich May şeftali çeşidinin büyümekte olan yaprakları (genç yapraklar) ve büyüyen yaprakları (yaşlı yapraklar) karşılaştırılmıştır. Yaprak büyümesi ile ilgili parametreler Mayıs ayı sonunda değerlendirilmiştir. Büyümüş yapraklarda stoma iletkenliği artarken yaprak sıcaklığı düşmüştür. Stoma iletkenliğindeki farkın stoma sayısından ziyade stoma büyüklüğü ile ilişkili olduğu görülmüştür. Proto IX, Mg-Proto IX ve Pchlide dahil olmak üzere klorofil öncüllerinin konsantrasyonları yaprak büyümesi sırasında artmıştır. Yaprak büyümesi sırasında kortikal hücre bölünmesi ve genişlemesi artmıştır. Ayrıca, yaprak büyümesi sırasında ksilem boyutu ve sayısı önemli ölçüde artmıştır. Şeftalide hücre genişlemesinin yaprak boyutu üzerinde önemli bir etkisi olmuştur.

Keywords

Cortical cell, leaf age, peach, xylem

Alterations in leaf cellular physiology and chlorophyll biosynthesis during leaf expansion in peach tree

Abstract

The effects of leaf expansion on leaf cell physiology and chlorophyll biosynthesis were evaluated in peach tree. The expanding leaves (young leaves) and the expanded leaves (old leaves) of Rich May peach cultivar grafted onto Garnem were compared. The parameters related to leaf expansion were evaluated end of May. Stomatal conductance increased in expanded leaves, while leaf temperature decreased. The difference in stomatal conductance appeared to be associated with stomata size rather than stomata number. The concentrations of chlorophyll precursors including Proto IX, Mg-Proto IX and Pchlide increased during leaf expansion. Cortical cell division and expansion increased during leaf expansion. Furthermore, xylem size and number significantly increased during leaf expansion. Cell expansion had a major influence on leaf size in peach.

Keywords

Cortical cell, leaf age, peach, xylem

References

• Aras, S., Keles, H., and Bozkurt, E. (2022). Iron deficiency impacts chlorophyll biosynthesis, leaf cell expansion, xylem development and physiology of Prunus persica grafted onto rootstocks Garnem and GF 677. Zemdirbyste-Agriculture, 109 (1), 55–62.
• Aras, S., Keles, H., and Bozkurt, E. (2021). Physiological and histological responses of peach plants grafted onto different rootstocks under calcium deficiency conditions. Scientia Horticulturae, 281, 109967.
• De Freitas, S. T., do Amarante, C. V., Dandekar, A. M., and Mitcham, E. J. (2013). Shading affects flesh calcium uptake and concentration, bitter pit incidence and other fruit traits in “Greensleeves” apple. Scientia Horticulturae, 161, 266-272.
• Formaggio, E., Cinque, G., and Bassi, R. (2001). Functional architecture of the major light-harvesting complex from higher plants. Journal of molecular biology, 314(5), 1157-1166.
• Gonzalez, N., Vanhaeren, H., and Inzé, D. (2012) Leaf size control: complex coordination of cell division and expansion. Trends in Plant Science, 17(6), 332-340.
• Guo, A., Hu, Y., Shi, M., Wang, H., Wu, Y., and Wang, Y. (2020). Effects of iron deficiency and exogenous sucrose on the intermediates of chlorophyll biosynthesis in Malus halliana. PloS one, 15(5), e0232694.
• Hall, T. D., Chastain, D. R., Horn, P. J., Chapman, K. D., and Choinski Jr, J. S. (2014). Changes during leaf expansion of ΦPSII temperature optima in Gossypium hirsutum are associated with the degree of fatty acid lipid saturation. Journal of Plant Physiology, 171(6), 411-420.
• Hodgins, R. R., and Van Huystee, R. B. (1986). Rapid simultaneous estimation of protoporphyrin and Mg-porphyrins in higher plants. Journal of Plant Physiology, 125(3-4), 311-323.
• Liu, J., Wang, J., Yao, X., Zhang, Y., Li, J., Wang, X., Xu, Z., and Chen, W. (2015) Characterization and fine mapping of thermo-sensitive chlorophyll deficit mutant1 in rice (Oryza sativa L.). Breeding Science, 65, 161–169.
• Marcotrigiano, M. (2010). A role for leaf epidermis in the control of leaf size and the rate and extent of mesophyll cell division. American Journal of Botany, 97(2), 224-233.
• Martinez, H.E.P., Maia, J.T.L.S., Ventrela, M.C., Milagres, C.D.C., Cecon, P.R., Clemente, J.M., and Garbin, C.Z. (2020). Leaf and stem anatomy of cherry tomato under calcium and magnesium deficiencies. Brazilian Archives of Biology and Technology, 63.
• Miqueloto, A., Amarante, C.V.T., Steffens, C.A., Santos, A., and Mitcham, E. (2014). Relationship between xylem functionality, calcium content and the incidence of bitter pit in apple fruit. Scientia Horticulturae, 165, 319–323.
• Noir, S., Bömer, M., Takahashi, N., Ishida, T., Tsui, T. L., Balbi, V., Shanahan, H., Sugimoto, K., and Devoto, A. (2013). Jasmonate controls leaf growth by repressing cell proliferation and the onset of endoreduplication while maintaining a potential stand-by mode. Plant Physiology, 161(4), 1930-1951.
• Pantin, F., Simonneau, T., Rolland, G., Dauzat, M., and Muller, B. (2011). Control of leaf expansion: a developmental switch from metabolics to hydraulics. Plant Physiology, 156(2), 803-815.
• Porra, R. J., Thompson, W. A., and Kriedemann, P. E. (1989). Determination of accurate extinction coefficients and simultaneous equations for assaying chlorophyll a and b extracted with four different solvents: verification of the concentration of chlorophyll standards by atomic absorption spectroscopy. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta, 975, 384–394.
• Snider, J. L., Choinski Jr, J. S., and Wise, R. R. (2009). Juvenile Rhus glabra leaves have higher temperatures and lower gas exchange rates than mature leaves when compared in the field during periods of high irradiance. Journal of Plant Physiology, 166(7), 686-696.
• Tanaka, R., and Tanaka, A. (2007) Tetrapyrrole biosynthesis in higher plants. Annual Review of Plant Biology, 58, 321-346.
• Werner, T., Motyka, V., Strnad, M., and Schmülling, T. (2001). Regulation of plant growth by cytokinin. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 98(18), 10487-10492.
• Zhu, K., Yuan, F., Wang, A., Yang, H., Guan, D., Jin, C., Zhang, H., Zhang Y. and Wu, J. (2019). Effects of soil rewatering on mesophyll and stomatal conductance and the associated mechanisms involving leaf anatomy and some physiological activities in Manchurian ash and Mongolian oak in the Changbai Mountains. Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, 144, 22-34.