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CREATIVE ECONOMY IN TÜRKİYE WITHIN THE CONTEXT OF GLOBAL TRENDS

Year 2024, Volume: 02 Issue: 03, 284 - 301, 06.01.2025
https://doi.org/10.61138/bolgeselkalkinmadergisi.1573244

Abstract

This study aims to present the current state of the creative economy in Türkiye in light of global trends and digitalization. Creative industries, driven particularly by digital transformation, have become a significant force in the global economy, offering new employment opportunities, especially for the young workforce. From this perspective, creative industries hold substantial potential for the Turkish economy, particularly in generating high valueadded output and reducing youth unemployment. Building on this premise, the study first explores global trends that have transformed production and employment structures worldwide. It then examines how these trends have increasingly elevated the importance of the creative economy for nations. Finally, this study analyzes the current state of Türkiye's creative economy and provides recommendations on how these industries can contribute to the country’s economic development.

References

  • Anantrasirichai, N., and Bull, D. (2022). Artificial Intelligence in the Creative Industries: A Review. Artificial Intelligence Review, 55, 589-656.
  • Caramiaux, B., Lotte, F., Geurts, J., Amato, G., Behrmann, M., et al.. (2019). “AI in the Media and Creative Industries”, New European Media (NEM), 1-35, https://inria.hal.science/hal02125504v1/document, (Erişim tarihi: 22.12.2024).
  • Chow, P. S. (2020).  Ghost in the (Hollywood) Machine: Emergent Applications of Artificial Intelligence in the Film Industry. NECSUS European Journal of Media Studies, 9 (1), 193-214. 
  • CISAC (Confédération Internationale des Sociétés d’Auteurs et Compositeurs). (2023). “Global Collections Report”, https:// www.cisac.org/services/reports-and-research/globalcollections-report-2023, (Erişim tarihi: 20.10.2024).
  • DCMS (Department for Culture, Media and Sport). (2014). “Creative Industries Economic Estimates”, https://assets. publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/ uploads/attachmentdata/file/271008/Creative_Industries_ Economic_Estimates_-_January_2014.pdf, (Erişim tarihi: 18.10.2024).
  • DCMS (Department for Culture, Media and Sport). (2017). “Change of Name for DCMS, Haber Bülteni, Temmuz”, https://www.gov.uk/government/news/change-of-namefor-dcms, (Erişim tarihi: 20.10.2024).
  • DCMS (Department for Culture, Media and Sport). (2022). “DCMS Sector Economic Estimates: Methodology”, https:// www.gov.uk/government/publications/dcms-sectorseconomic-estimates-methodology/dcms-sector-economicestimates-methodology, (Erişim tarihi: 20.10.2024).
  • DCMS (Department for Culture, Media and Sport). (2023). “Creative Industries Sector Vision: A Joint Plan to Drive Growth, Build Talent and Develop Skills”, https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/ media/64898de2b32b9e000ca96712/Creative_Industries_ Sector_Vision__accessible_version_.pdf, (Erişim tarihi: 18.10.2024).
  • Domenech, R., and Rausell-Köster, P. (2018). The Economic Impact of the Creative Industry in the European Union. In V. Santamarina-Campos and M. Segerre-Ona (Eds.), Innovative Strategies for European SMEs, Drones and the Creative Industry, Cham, Switzerland: Springer, 19–36.
  • EC (European Commission). (2022).  “Opportunities and Challenges of Artificial Intelligence Technologies for the Cultural and Creative Sectors, Publications Office of the European Union”, https://data.europa.eu/ doi/10.2759/144212, (Erişim tarihi: 10.11.2024).
  • EC (European Commission). (2024). “Monitoring the Twin Transition of Industrial Ecosystems Cultural and Creative Industries”, https://www.europacreativa-media.it/ documenti/allegati/2024/monitoring-the-twin-transitionof-industrial-ecosystems.pdf, (Erişim tarihi: 18.10.2024).
  • GIZ (Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit). (2024). “Understanding Cultural and Creative Industries and Designing Approaches for Its Development”, https://www. giz.de/en/downloads/giz20224-en-understanding-culturaland-creative-industries-and-designing-approaches-for-itsdevelopment.pdf, (Erişim tarihi: 10.10.2024).
  • ILO (International Labour Organization). (2022). “Global Employment Trends for Youth 2022: Investing in Transforming Futures for Young People”, https://www.ilo.org/ sites/default/files/wcmsp5/groups/public/@dgreports/@ dcomm/ @publ/documents/publication/wcms_853321.pdf , (Erişim tarihi: 10.10.2024).
  • ILO (International Labour Organization). (2023). “Digital Employment Diagnostic Guidelines”, https://www.ilo.org/ publications/digital-employment-diagnostic- guidelines, (Erişim tarihi: 10.10.2024).
  • ILO (International Labour Organization). (2024). “Global Employment Trends for Youth 2024: Decent Work, Brighter Futures” , https://www.ilo.org/publications/majorpublications/global-employment-trends-youth-2024, (Erişim tarihi: 9.11.2024).
  • ILO (International Labour Organization) and OECD (Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development). (2022). The Impact of the 3Ds on G7 Labour Markets: Key Issues, Paper prepared for the 1st G7 Employment Task Force Meeting, Berlin, February 17-18, 2022.
  • İZKA (İzmir Kalkınma Ajansı). (2021). “Türkiye’de Yaratıcı Endüstrilerin İİBS – 2 Bölgeleri Düzeyinde Analizi: İzmir’e Bir Bakış”, https://izka.org.tr/wp-content/uploads/2021/01/ Yaratici-Endustriler-Raporu.pdf, (Erişim tarihi: 10.10.2024).
  • Muench, S., Stoermer, E., Jensen, K., Asikainen, T., Salvi, M., and Scapolo, F. (2022). Towards a Green and Digital Future. Luxembourg: Publications Office of the European Union.
  • OECD (Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development). (2022). The Culture Fix: Creative People, Places and Industries, Local Economic and Employment Development (LEED). Paris: OECD Publishing.
  • PwC (PricewaterhouseCoopers). (2022). “PwC Global Entertainment and Media Outlook 2022–2026”, www.pwc. com/outlook, (Erişim tarihi: 20.10.2024).
  • TÜİK (Türkiye İstatistik Kurumu). (2022a). “Türkiye İşgücü İstatistikleri”, https://data.tuik.gov.tr/bulten/ index?p=isgucu-istatistikleri-2022-49390, (Erişim tarihi: 7.12.2024).
  • TÜİK (Türkiye İstatistik Kurumu). (2022b). “Yıllık Sanayi ve Hizmet İstatistikleri”, https://data.tuik.gov.tr/ Bulten/Index?p=Annual-Industry-and-ServiceStatistics-2022-49569, (Erişim tarihi: 7.12.2024).
  • UNCTAD (United Nations Conference on Trade and Development). (2024a). “Creative Economy Outlook 2024 Technical and Statistical Report”, https://unctad.org/ publication/creative-economy-outlook-2024, (Erişim tarihi: 11.11.2024).
  • UNCTAD (United Nations Conference on Trade and Development). (2024b). “Digital Economy Report 2024: Shaping an Environmentally Sustainable and Inclusive Digital Future”, https://hdl.handle.net/10855/50190, (Erişim tarihi: 11.11.2024).
  • UNCTAD (United Nations Conference on Trade and Development). (2024c). “Advancing the Measurement of the Creative Economy: A Revised Framework For Creative Industries and Trade”, https://unctad.org/system/files/ official-document/ditctsce2024d1_en.pdf, (Erişim tarihi: 8.10.2024).
  • UNCTAD (United Nations Conference on Trade and Development) and UNESCO (United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization). (2013). “Creative Economy Report, 2013, special edition: Widening Local Development Pathways,” https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ ark:/48223/pf0000224698, (Erişim tarihi: 11.11.2024).
  • UNESCO (United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization). (2022). “Re|Shaping Policies for Creativity: Addressing Culture as a Global Public Good”, https://www. unesco.org/reports/reshaping-creativity/2022/en, (Erişim tarihi: 11.11.2024).
  • UNIDO (United Nations Industrial Development Organization). (2022). “Industrial Development Report 2022”, https://www. unido.org/sites/default/files/unido-publications/2023-03/ IDR-2022-en.pdf, (Erişim tarihi: 10.10.2024).
  • UNIDO (United Nations Industrial Development Organization). (2024). “Industrial Development Report 2024”, https://www. unido.org/sites/default/files/unido-publications/2024-06/ Industrial%20Development%20Report%202024.pdf, (Erişim tarihi: 10.10.2024).
  • Vincent-Lancrin, S., González-Sancho, C., Bouckaert, M., de Luca, F., Fernández-Barrerra, M., Jacotin, G., Urgel, J., and Vidal, Q. (2019). Fostering Students’ Creativity and Critical Thinking: What it Means in School, Educational Research and Innovation. Paris: OECD Publishing. 
  • WEF (World Economic Forum). (2023). “Future of Jobs Report”, https://www3.weforum.org/docs/WEF_Future_of_ Jobs_2023.pdf, (Erişim tarihi: 10.11.2024).
  • WEF (World Economic Forum). (2024). “The Future of the Care Economy, White Paper” https: //www3.weforum. org/ docs/WEF_The_Future_of_the_Care_Economy_2024.pdf, (Erişim tarihi: 10.10.2024).
  • WHO (World Health Organization). (2024). “Ageing and Health”, https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/ageingand-health, (Erişim tarihi: 10.10.2024).
  • WIPO (World Intellectual Property Organization). (2024). “Resurgence of Global Cinema: 2022 and 2023 Witness Forceful Comeback but Still Shy of Pre-pandemic Norms”, https://www.wipo.int/web/global-innovation-index/w/ blogs/2024/global-cinema, (Erişim tarihi: 11.11.2024).

KÜRESEL EĞİLİMLER IŞIĞINDA TÜRKİYE'DE YARATICI EKONOMİ

Year 2024, Volume: 02 Issue: 03, 284 - 301, 06.01.2025
https://doi.org/10.61138/bolgeselkalkinmadergisi.1573244

Abstract

Bu çalışma, küresel eğilimlerin ve dijitalleşmenin sunduğu fırsatlar çerçevesinde Türkiye’de yaratıcı ekonominin mevcut durumunu değerlendirmeyi amaçlamaktadır. Dijital dönüşümün etkisiyle yaratıcı endüstriler, küresel ekonomide önemli bir yer edinmiş ve genç iş gücü için yeni istihdam olanakları sunmaktadır. Bu açıdan bakıldığında, yüksek katma değer üretme ve genç işsizliğini azaltma hedeflerini benimseyen Türkiye ekonomisi için yaratıcı endüstriler güçlü bir potansiyele sahiptir. Bu çerçevede, çalışma kapsamında öncelikle küresel düzeyde üretim ve istihdam yapısını değiştiren küresel eğilimler ele alınmıştır. Ardından, bu eğilimlerin yaratıcı ekonomiyi ülkeler için giderek nasıl daha önemli bir konuma taşıdığı incelenmiştir. Son olarak, Türkiye’de yaratıcı ekonominin mevcut durumu analiz edilmiş ve bu endüstrilerin Türkiye ekonomisinin gelişimine katkı sağlayabilmesi için öneriler sunulmuştur.

References

  • Anantrasirichai, N., and Bull, D. (2022). Artificial Intelligence in the Creative Industries: A Review. Artificial Intelligence Review, 55, 589-656.
  • Caramiaux, B., Lotte, F., Geurts, J., Amato, G., Behrmann, M., et al.. (2019). “AI in the Media and Creative Industries”, New European Media (NEM), 1-35, https://inria.hal.science/hal02125504v1/document, (Erişim tarihi: 22.12.2024).
  • Chow, P. S. (2020).  Ghost in the (Hollywood) Machine: Emergent Applications of Artificial Intelligence in the Film Industry. NECSUS European Journal of Media Studies, 9 (1), 193-214. 
  • CISAC (Confédération Internationale des Sociétés d’Auteurs et Compositeurs). (2023). “Global Collections Report”, https:// www.cisac.org/services/reports-and-research/globalcollections-report-2023, (Erişim tarihi: 20.10.2024).
  • DCMS (Department for Culture, Media and Sport). (2014). “Creative Industries Economic Estimates”, https://assets. publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/ uploads/attachmentdata/file/271008/Creative_Industries_ Economic_Estimates_-_January_2014.pdf, (Erişim tarihi: 18.10.2024).
  • DCMS (Department for Culture, Media and Sport). (2017). “Change of Name for DCMS, Haber Bülteni, Temmuz”, https://www.gov.uk/government/news/change-of-namefor-dcms, (Erişim tarihi: 20.10.2024).
  • DCMS (Department for Culture, Media and Sport). (2022). “DCMS Sector Economic Estimates: Methodology”, https:// www.gov.uk/government/publications/dcms-sectorseconomic-estimates-methodology/dcms-sector-economicestimates-methodology, (Erişim tarihi: 20.10.2024).
  • DCMS (Department for Culture, Media and Sport). (2023). “Creative Industries Sector Vision: A Joint Plan to Drive Growth, Build Talent and Develop Skills”, https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/ media/64898de2b32b9e000ca96712/Creative_Industries_ Sector_Vision__accessible_version_.pdf, (Erişim tarihi: 18.10.2024).
  • Domenech, R., and Rausell-Köster, P. (2018). The Economic Impact of the Creative Industry in the European Union. In V. Santamarina-Campos and M. Segerre-Ona (Eds.), Innovative Strategies for European SMEs, Drones and the Creative Industry, Cham, Switzerland: Springer, 19–36.
  • EC (European Commission). (2022).  “Opportunities and Challenges of Artificial Intelligence Technologies for the Cultural and Creative Sectors, Publications Office of the European Union”, https://data.europa.eu/ doi/10.2759/144212, (Erişim tarihi: 10.11.2024).
  • EC (European Commission). (2024). “Monitoring the Twin Transition of Industrial Ecosystems Cultural and Creative Industries”, https://www.europacreativa-media.it/ documenti/allegati/2024/monitoring-the-twin-transitionof-industrial-ecosystems.pdf, (Erişim tarihi: 18.10.2024).
  • GIZ (Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit). (2024). “Understanding Cultural and Creative Industries and Designing Approaches for Its Development”, https://www. giz.de/en/downloads/giz20224-en-understanding-culturaland-creative-industries-and-designing-approaches-for-itsdevelopment.pdf, (Erişim tarihi: 10.10.2024).
  • ILO (International Labour Organization). (2022). “Global Employment Trends for Youth 2022: Investing in Transforming Futures for Young People”, https://www.ilo.org/ sites/default/files/wcmsp5/groups/public/@dgreports/@ dcomm/ @publ/documents/publication/wcms_853321.pdf , (Erişim tarihi: 10.10.2024).
  • ILO (International Labour Organization). (2023). “Digital Employment Diagnostic Guidelines”, https://www.ilo.org/ publications/digital-employment-diagnostic- guidelines, (Erişim tarihi: 10.10.2024).
  • ILO (International Labour Organization). (2024). “Global Employment Trends for Youth 2024: Decent Work, Brighter Futures” , https://www.ilo.org/publications/majorpublications/global-employment-trends-youth-2024, (Erişim tarihi: 9.11.2024).
  • ILO (International Labour Organization) and OECD (Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development). (2022). The Impact of the 3Ds on G7 Labour Markets: Key Issues, Paper prepared for the 1st G7 Employment Task Force Meeting, Berlin, February 17-18, 2022.
  • İZKA (İzmir Kalkınma Ajansı). (2021). “Türkiye’de Yaratıcı Endüstrilerin İİBS – 2 Bölgeleri Düzeyinde Analizi: İzmir’e Bir Bakış”, https://izka.org.tr/wp-content/uploads/2021/01/ Yaratici-Endustriler-Raporu.pdf, (Erişim tarihi: 10.10.2024).
  • Muench, S., Stoermer, E., Jensen, K., Asikainen, T., Salvi, M., and Scapolo, F. (2022). Towards a Green and Digital Future. Luxembourg: Publications Office of the European Union.
  • OECD (Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development). (2022). The Culture Fix: Creative People, Places and Industries, Local Economic and Employment Development (LEED). Paris: OECD Publishing.
  • PwC (PricewaterhouseCoopers). (2022). “PwC Global Entertainment and Media Outlook 2022–2026”, www.pwc. com/outlook, (Erişim tarihi: 20.10.2024).
  • TÜİK (Türkiye İstatistik Kurumu). (2022a). “Türkiye İşgücü İstatistikleri”, https://data.tuik.gov.tr/bulten/ index?p=isgucu-istatistikleri-2022-49390, (Erişim tarihi: 7.12.2024).
  • TÜİK (Türkiye İstatistik Kurumu). (2022b). “Yıllık Sanayi ve Hizmet İstatistikleri”, https://data.tuik.gov.tr/ Bulten/Index?p=Annual-Industry-and-ServiceStatistics-2022-49569, (Erişim tarihi: 7.12.2024).
  • UNCTAD (United Nations Conference on Trade and Development). (2024a). “Creative Economy Outlook 2024 Technical and Statistical Report”, https://unctad.org/ publication/creative-economy-outlook-2024, (Erişim tarihi: 11.11.2024).
  • UNCTAD (United Nations Conference on Trade and Development). (2024b). “Digital Economy Report 2024: Shaping an Environmentally Sustainable and Inclusive Digital Future”, https://hdl.handle.net/10855/50190, (Erişim tarihi: 11.11.2024).
  • UNCTAD (United Nations Conference on Trade and Development). (2024c). “Advancing the Measurement of the Creative Economy: A Revised Framework For Creative Industries and Trade”, https://unctad.org/system/files/ official-document/ditctsce2024d1_en.pdf, (Erişim tarihi: 8.10.2024).
  • UNCTAD (United Nations Conference on Trade and Development) and UNESCO (United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization). (2013). “Creative Economy Report, 2013, special edition: Widening Local Development Pathways,” https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ ark:/48223/pf0000224698, (Erişim tarihi: 11.11.2024).
  • UNESCO (United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization). (2022). “Re|Shaping Policies for Creativity: Addressing Culture as a Global Public Good”, https://www. unesco.org/reports/reshaping-creativity/2022/en, (Erişim tarihi: 11.11.2024).
  • UNIDO (United Nations Industrial Development Organization). (2022). “Industrial Development Report 2022”, https://www. unido.org/sites/default/files/unido-publications/2023-03/ IDR-2022-en.pdf, (Erişim tarihi: 10.10.2024).
  • UNIDO (United Nations Industrial Development Organization). (2024). “Industrial Development Report 2024”, https://www. unido.org/sites/default/files/unido-publications/2024-06/ Industrial%20Development%20Report%202024.pdf, (Erişim tarihi: 10.10.2024).
  • Vincent-Lancrin, S., González-Sancho, C., Bouckaert, M., de Luca, F., Fernández-Barrerra, M., Jacotin, G., Urgel, J., and Vidal, Q. (2019). Fostering Students’ Creativity and Critical Thinking: What it Means in School, Educational Research and Innovation. Paris: OECD Publishing. 
  • WEF (World Economic Forum). (2023). “Future of Jobs Report”, https://www3.weforum.org/docs/WEF_Future_of_ Jobs_2023.pdf, (Erişim tarihi: 10.11.2024).
  • WEF (World Economic Forum). (2024). “The Future of the Care Economy, White Paper” https: //www3.weforum. org/ docs/WEF_The_Future_of_the_Care_Economy_2024.pdf, (Erişim tarihi: 10.10.2024).
  • WHO (World Health Organization). (2024). “Ageing and Health”, https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/ageingand-health, (Erişim tarihi: 10.10.2024).
  • WIPO (World Intellectual Property Organization). (2024). “Resurgence of Global Cinema: 2022 and 2023 Witness Forceful Comeback but Still Shy of Pre-pandemic Norms”, https://www.wipo.int/web/global-innovation-index/w/ blogs/2024/global-cinema, (Erişim tarihi: 11.11.2024).
There are 34 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Regional Economy
Journal Section Reviews
Authors

Mehmet Güçlü 0000-0002-2420-3561

Begüm Yurteri Kösedağlı 0000-0002-3828-2598

Neşe Kumral 0000-0001-8214-4507

Hakan İnke 0000-0002-6702-6809

Publication Date January 6, 2025
Submission Date October 25, 2024
Acceptance Date December 23, 2024
Published in Issue Year 2024 Volume: 02 Issue: 03

Cite

APA Güçlü, M., Yurteri Kösedağlı, B., Kumral, N., İnke, H. (2025). KÜRESEL EĞİLİMLER IŞIĞINDA TÜRKİYE’DE YARATICI EKONOMİ. Bölgesel Kalkınma Dergisi, 02(03), 284-301. https://doi.org/10.61138/bolgeselkalkinmadergisi.1573244