Çeşitli Bileşim ve mikroyapılara sahip B4C-SiC kompozitlerinin termoelektrik özellikleri

Abstract

Günümüzde enerji uygulamaları, çevre kirliliği, enerji tüketimi ve yenilenemeyen kaynakların orantısız kullanımı gibi küresel felaketlerin başlıca nedenlerini oluşturmaktadır. Bu nedenle, enerjinin verimli kullanımı, alternatif yenilenebilir enerji kaynakları ve çevre dostu uygulamalara yönelik araştırma ve yatırımlar büyük önem taşımaktadır. Enerji verimliliği uygulamalarında, malzemelerin ısıl kararlılığı, Seebeck katsayısı, elektriksel iletkenliği ve ısıl iletkenliği gibi termoelektrik özelliklerine özel bir dikkat gösterilmelidir. Bu uygulamalarda, B4C ve SiC gibi karbürler, yüksek sıcaklıklarda ayarlanabilir ve etkili termoelektrik özellikleri nedeniyle büyük öneme sahiptir. Bu çalışmada, B4C ve SiC esaslı çeşitli bileşimlere sahip kompozitler, bileşimdeki B4C ve SiC oranlarının ve toz veya granül matrisin etkisi yoluyla sıcaklığa bağlı (573 K – 923 K) termoelektrik özellikleri incelemek ve iyileştirmek amacıyla spark plazma sinterleme yöntemi kullanılarak üretilmiştir.

Keywords

• Bor karbür
• Silisyum karbür
• Termoelektrik
• Spark plazma sinterleme
• Kompozit

Supporting Institution

Türkiye Bilimsel ve Teknolojik Araştırma Kurumu (TÜBİTAK), Eskişehir Teknik Üniversitesi

Project Number

219M514, 20GAP058

Ethical Statement

Bu makalenin yazarları, bu çalışmada kullanılan malzeme ve yöntemlerin etik kurul izni ve/veya yasal–özel bir izin gerektirmediğini beyan etmektedir.

Thanks

Bu çalışma, Türkiye Bilimsel ve Teknolojik Araştırma Kurumu (TÜBİTAK) (219M514) ve Eskişehir Teknik Üniversitesi Bilimsel Araştırma Projeleri (20GAP058) tarafından finansal olarak desteklenmiştir.

Thermoelectric properties of B4C-SiC composites with various compositions and microstructures

Abstract

Nowadays, energy applications constitute the main causes of global problems such as environmental pollution, excessive energy consumption, and disproportionate use of non-renewable resources. Therefore, research and investments in the efficient use of energy, alternative renewable energy sources, and environmentally friendly practices are imperative. In energy efficiency applications, special attention must be paid to the thermoelectric properties of materials, including thermal stability, Seebeck coefficient, electrical conductivity, and thermal conductivity. In these applications, carbides such as B4C and SiC are of great importance due to their tunable and effective thermoelectric properties at high temperatures. In this study, B4C and SiC-based composites with various compositions were produced by using the spark plasma sintering method to examine and improve the temperature-dependent (573 K to 923 K) thermoelectric properties through the effect of the ratios of B4C and SiC within the composition and powder or granule matrix.

Keywords

• Boron carbide
• Silicon carbide
• Thermoelectric
• Spark plasma sintering
• Composite

Supporting Institution

The Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (TUBITAK), Eskisehir Technical University

Project Number

219M514, 20GAP058

Ethical Statement

The authors of this manuscript declare that the materials and methods used in this study do not require ethical committee permission and/or legal-special permission.

Thanks

This study was financially supported by the Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (TUBITAK) (219M514) and The Eskisehir Technical University Scientific Research Projects (20GAP058).

References

1. Gayner, C., & Kar, K. K. (2016). Recent advances in thermoelectric materials. Progress in Materials Science, 83, 330-382. https://doi.org/10.1016/j. pmatsci.2016.07.002
2. Liu, W., Kim, H. S., Jie, Q., & Ren, Z. (2016). Importance of high-power factor in thermoelectric materials for power generation application: A perspective. Scripta Materialia, 111, 3-9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j. scriptamat.2015.07.045
3. Zeier, W. G. (2017). New tricks for optimizing thermoelectric materials. Current Opinion in Green and Sustainable Chemistry, 4, 23-28. https://doi. org/10.1016/j.cogsc.2017.02.003
4. Jia, N., Cao, J., Tan, X. Y., Dong, J., Liu, H., Tan, C. K. I., … & Suwardi, A. (2021). Thermoelectric materials and transport physics. Materials Today Physics, 21, 100519. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mtphys.2021.100519
5. Fitriani, Ovik, R., Long, B. D., Barma, M. C., Riaz, M., Sabri M. F. M., ... & Saidur, R. (2016). A review on nanostructures of high-temperature thermoelectric materials for waste heat recovery. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 64, 635-659. https://doi. org/10.1016/j.rser.2016.06.035
6. Ozer, S. C., Arslan, K., & Turan, S. (2024). Thermoelectric properties of carbide ceramics: A comparative analysis of thermoelectric properties of B4C, SiC and TiC. Journal of the Australian Ceramic Society, 60, 407-418. https:// doi.org/10.1007/s41779-023-00979-4
7. Bouchacourt, M., & Thevenot, F. (1985). The correlation between the thermoelectric properties and stoichiometry in the boron carbide phase B4C-B10.5C. Journal of Materials Science, 20, 1237-1247. https://doi. org/10.1007/BF01026319
8. Kim, K. J., Jang, S. H., Kim, Y. W., Jang, B. K., & Nishimura, T. (2016). Conductive SiC ceramics fabricated by spark plasma sintering. Ceramics International, 42(15), 17892- 17896. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ceramint.2016.07.126

9. Zhao, L., Qiu, W., Sun, Y., Chen, L., Deng, H., Yang, L., ... & Tang, J. (2021). Enhanced thermoelectric performance of Bi0.3Sb1.7Te3 based alloys by dispersing TiC ceramic nanoparticles. Journal of Alloys and Compounds, 863, 158376. https://doi.org/10.1016/j. jallcom.2020.158376
10. Saglik, K., Mete, B., Terzi, I., Candolfi C., & Aydemir U. (2023). Thermoelectric borides: Review and future perspectives. Advanced Physics Research, 2(8), 2300010. https://doi.org/10.1002/apxr.202300010
11. Sasaki, S., Takeda, M., Yokoyama, K., Miura, T., Suzuki, T., Suematsu, H., ... & Yatsui, K. (2005). Thermoelectric properties of boron-carbide thin film and thin film based thermoelectric device fabricated by intense-pulsed ion beam evaporation. Science and Technology of Advanced Materials, 6(2), 181-184. https://doi. org/10.1016/j.stam.2004.11.010
12. Lee, H., & Speyer, R. F. (2004). Hardness and fracture toughness of pressureless sintered boron carbide (B4C). Journal of the American Ceramic Society, 85(5), 1291-1293. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1151-2916.2002. tb00260.x
13. Martin, H. P., Feng B., & Michaelis, A. (2019). Pressureless sintering and properties of boron carbide composite materials. International Journal of Applied Ceramic Technology, 17(2), 407-412. https://doi. org/10.1111/ijac.13423
14. Mashhadi, M., Taheri-Nassaj, E., & Sglavo, V. M. (2010). Pressureless sintering of boron carbide. Ceramics International, 36(1), 151-159. https://doi.org/10.1016/j. ceramint.2009.07.034
15. Xu, C., Cai, Y., Flodström, K., Li, Z., Esmaeilzadeh, S., & Zhang, G. J. (2012). Spark plasma sintering of B4C ceramics: The effects of milling medium and TiB2 addition. International Journal of Refractory Metals and Hard Materials, 30(1), 139-144. https://doi.org/10.1016/j. ijrmhm.2011.07.016
16. Levin, L., Frage, N., & Dariel, M. P. (1999). The effect of Ti and TiO2 additions on the pressureless sintering of B4C. Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A, 30, 3201–3210. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11661-999-0230-6
17. Ayas, E., Kalemtas, A., Arslan, G., Kara, A., & Kara, F. (2008). Spark plasma sintering of Si3N4- B4C composites. Journal of the Ceramic Society of Japan, 116(1354), 727-731. https://doi.org/10.2109/ jcersj2.116.727
18. Sahin, F. C., Apak, B., Akin, I., Kanbur, H. E., Genckan, D. H., Turan, A., ... & Yücel, O. (2012). Spark plasma sintering of B4C–SiC composites. Solid State Sciences, 14(11-12), 1660-1663. https://doi.org/10.1016/j. solidstatesciences.2012.05.037
19. Lee, H., & Speyer, R. F. (2004). Pressureless Sintering of boron carbide. Journal of the American Ceramic Society, 86(9), 1468-1473. https://doi. org/10.1111/j.1151-2916.2003.tb03498.x
20. Chen, M. W., McCauley, J. W., LaSalvia, J. C., & Hemker, K. J. (2005). Microstructural characterization of commercial hot-pressed boron carbide ceramics. Journal of the American Ceramic Society, 88(7), 1935- 1942. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1551-2916.2005.00346.x
21. Yue, X., Zhao, S., Lü, P., Chang, Q., & Ru, H. (2010). Synthesis and properties of hot pressed B4C–TiB2 ceramic composite. Materials Science and Engineering: A, 527(27-28), 7215-7219. https://doi.org/10.1016/j. msea.2010.07.101
22. Cho, N., Bao, Z., & Speyer, R. F. (2005). Density- and hardness-optimized pressureless sintered and post-hot isostatic pressed B4C. Journal of Materials Research, 20, 2110-2116. https://doi.org/10.1557/JMR.2005.0260
23. Yan, C., Xian, Y., Long, L., Luo, P., & Pang, X. (2023). Thermal properties of hot isostatic pressing Al/B4C composites with 50wt% B4C content. Transactions of the Indian Institute of Metals, 76, 2615-2623. https://doi. org/10.1007/s12666-023-02934-0
24. Li, X., Jiang, D., Zhang, J., Lin, Q., Chen, Z., & Huang, Z. (2014). Densification behavior and related phenomena of spark plasma sintered boron carbide. Ceramics International, 40(3), 4359-4366. https://doi. org/10.1016/j.ceramint.2013.08.106
25. Hayun, S., Kalabukhov, S., Ezersky, V., Dariel, M. P., & Frage, N. (2010). Microstructural characterization of spark plasma sintered boron carbide ceramics. Ceramics International, 36(2), 451-457. https://doi. org/10.1016/j.ceramint.2009.09.004
26. Hu, Z. Y., Zhang, Z. H., Cheng, X. W., Wang, F. C., Zhang, Y. F., & Li, S. L. (2020). A review of multi-physical fields induced phenomena and effects in spark plasma sintering: Fundamentals and applications. Materials & Design, 191, 108662. https://doi.org/10.1016/j. matdes.2020.108662
27. Biçer, H., Tuncer, M., Göçmez, H., Bogomol, I., Kolesnichenko, V., & Ragulya, A. (2024). Spark plasma sintering of boron carbide using Ti3SiC2 as a sintering additive. Journal of Wuhan University of Technology- Materials Science Edition, 39, 645-650. https://doi. org/10.1007/s11595-024-2921-7
28. Uehara, M., Shiraishi, R., Nogami, A., Enomoto, N., & Hojo, J. (2004). SiC-B4C composites for synergistic enhancement of thermoelectric property. Journal of the European Ceramic Society, 24(2), 409-412. https://doi. org/10.1016/S0955-2219(03)00213-9
29. Lankau, V., Martin, H. P, Hempel-Weber, R., Oeschler, N., & Michaelis, A. (2010). Preparation and thermoelectric characterization of SiC-B4C composites. Journal of Electronic Materials, 39, 1809-1813. https:// doi.org/10.1007/s11664-010-1129-0
30. Achenani, Y., Saadaoui, M., Cheddadi, A., & Fantozzi, G. (2017). Finite element analysis of the temperature uncertainty during spark plasma sintering: Influence of the experimental procedure. Ceramics International, 43(17), 15281-15287. https://doi.org/10.1016/j. ceramint.2017.08.067
31. So, S. M., Choi, W. H., Kim, K. H., Park, J. S., Kim, M. S., Park, J., ... & Kim, H. S. (2020). Mechanical properties of B4C-SiC composites fabricated by hot-press sintering. Ceramics International, 46(7), 9575-9581. https://doi. org/10.1016/j.ceramint.2019.12.222
32. Ozer, S. C. (2025). Enhanced thermoelectric properties of spark plasma sintered SiC with in-situ TiB2 network structures. Ceramics International, 51, 40022-40031. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ceramint.2025.06.235
33. Ozer, S. C., Arslan, K., Bircan, S., & Turan, S. (2024). Improved thermoelectric properties of spark plasma sintered B4C with SiC-segregated network structures. Journal of Alloys and Compounds, 978, 173520. https:// doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2024.173520
34. Kultayeva, S., Ha, J. H., Malik, R., Kim, Y. W., & Kim, K. J. (2020). Effect of porosity on electrical and thermal conductivities of porous SiC ceramics, Journal of the European Ceramic Society, 40(4), 996-1004. https://doi. org/10.1016/j.jeurceramsoc.2019.11.045
35. Ozer, S. C., Arslan, K., Bircan, S., & Turan, S. (2024). Improved thermoelectric properties of spark plasma sintered B4C with SiC-segregated network structures. Journal of Alloys and Compounds, 978, 173520. https:// doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2024.173520
36. Ohba, Y., Shimozaki, T., & Era, H. (2008). Thermoelectric properties of silicon carbide sintered with addition of boron carbide, carbon, and alumina. Materials Transactions, 49(6), 1235-1241. https://doi.org/10.2320/ matertrans.MRA2007232
37. Feng, B., Martin, H. P., Hempel-Weber, R., & Michaelis, A. (2012). Preparation and thermoelectric properties of B4C-Si-B composites. AIP Conference Proceedings, 1449, 315. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4731560
38. Schierning, G., Chavez, R., Schmechel, R., Balke, B., Rogl, G., & Rogl, P. (2015). Concepts for medium-high to high temperature thermoelectric heat-to-electricity conversion: A review of selected materials and basic considerations of module design. Translational Materials Research, 2(2), 025001. https://doi. org/10.1088/2053-1613/2/2/025001